Deep Ocean
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Transcript of Deep Ocean
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Deep Ocean
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<1% of deep sea has been explored Most exploration in the past 35 years
Deep Ocean
depth 700 m
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Deep OceanIt’s weird down here:
http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2007/deepchange-scotoplanes-350.jpg
http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment/bigisopod.jpg
http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/deepsea/images/
http://img.geo.de/div/image/59517/langnasenchimaere-popup.jpg
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Deep OceanThen it gets even weirder when things seep out of the ocean floor...
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/communic/endeavour/photo_e.htm
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Hydrothermal Vents
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Extreme conditions near vents: High temperature High chemical concentrations High acidity
Bacteria, archaea live closest to vents(up to 121°C!)
Hydrothermal Vents
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Chemosynthesis – energy from chemicals, not the sun
Chemosynthetic bacteria, archaea:
Outside on rocks Inside some animals (tube worms, mussels, clams)
Hydrothermal Vents
http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/E84896E2-2F7E-4D2A-9D46-366B50558303/87497/p5365dop.jpg http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/photos/grazers.jpg
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http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20061007/a7741_2279.jpg
Hydrothermal Vents
An oasis of warmth and food
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/communic/endeavour/photo_e.htm
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Hydrogen sulfide Methane, oil, mud volcanos Brine
Cold Seeps
http://aphriza.files.wordpress.com/2006/07/methane_seep.jpg
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NOAA
Oil droplets on orange methane hydrate
Cold Seeps
http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/methaneventHR.jpg
Methane bubbles
Methane gas plumefrom mud volcano
NOAA
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Methane seep communities Chemosynthetic bacteria, archaea
Outside on rocks Inside some animals (worms, clams)
http://people.whitman.edu/%7Eyancey/whitemat.jpg http://webmineral.com/specimens/Methanehydrate.jpg
Frozen methane hydrate with polychaete “ice
worms”
Cold Seeps
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Methane seep communities
http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/snailtowers.jpg
Cold Seeps
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030102
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Brine pools: Gulf of Mexico was shallow sea that dried up in Jurassic period Thick layer of salts covered with sediment when seawater returned Salt seeps up through cracks in sediment
NOAA
Cold Seeps
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Brine pools: Underwater lakes of super salty water Methane gases also seep out
NOAA
depth 700 m
Cold Seeps
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Cold Seeps
NOAA
Chemosynthetic bacteria in mussels An oasis of food