Decrease in fishermen with aging in Decrease in fishermen with aging in g gJapan: geodemographic and labor i tifi l f t t fi h

g gJapan: geodemographic and labor i tifi l f t t fi hscientific analyses of set net fishery in rural and suburban regions

scientific analyses of set net fishery in rural and suburban regionsin rural and suburban regionsin rural and suburban regions

Kazutoshi Watanabe, Kimiyasu Saeki

Hideyuki Takahashi and Seizo HasegawaNational Institute of Fisheries Engineering (FRA)

Declining fishery in JapanDeclining fishery in Japan

600 400) %) Concern

400(×10

00

RS.

(% Rapid decrease with aging in fishery population

20020

mbe

r (

r 65

Y

Purpose0

78 88 98 070N

um

Ove

r pClarify the status of work force in regional fishery78 88 98 07

Fishermen provisional

force in regional fisheryEvaluate the workload in Fishermen fishing and related operation in typical coastal fishery (set net)

Survey regionSurvey regionRoadRoad

Densely inhabiteddi iDensely inhabiteddi i

RoadRoadFishing portFishing port

districtdistrict

H kk idH kk idHokkaidoHokkaido

2992 ports2992 ports

T kT k

2992 ports2992 ports

TokyoTokyo

BBBosoBoso

50 km50 km

Salmon set net , rural(N t k fi h i ti )Salmon set net , rural(N t k fi h i ti )(Notsuke fisheries cooperative)(Notsuke fisheries cooperative)

Target Chum salmonFishing season Sept - NovFishing unit 35Fishing unit 35 Fisherman 250

5 kmLanding (mil. USD) 22

Yellowtail set net, suburban ( )Yellowtail set net, suburban ( )(Kamogawa fisheries cooperative)(Kamogawa fisheries cooperative)

0.5 kmTarget Pelagic fishes

Othg OthersFishing season Oct - AugFi hi iFishing unit 1 Fisherman 32 Landing (mil. USD) 4.7

Data and surveyData and survey

DataDataNational Population Census, 2005 (MIC Japan)Fishery Census, 1978 –2003 (MAFF Japan)Business Report, 2006 (Fisheries Cooperatives)p , ( p )

Field survey (2007, 08)Field survey (2007, 08)Observation of fishing operation (recorded on video)

Q ti i t t tfi hQuestionnaire to set netfishermen

GIS and maps usedGIS and maps used

GISGISGRASS (GRASS development team)MANDARA (Tani, K.)

MapDigital national land information (MLIT, Japan)GEBCO (BODC UK)GEBCO (BODC, UK)

Fishery as main local industryFishery as main local industry

FisheryLocation Quotient

FisheryLQ = Qij / Qtj

1 Qij: distribution ratioof workers in

Agriculture j industry ini region

Secondary industryTertiary5

10g

Qtj: distribution ratiof k i j5

1of workers in j industry in Japan

LQ>1 relatively concentrated

Age composition of fishermenAge composition of fishermenSet net

% %Region Total

10

20

1020 N=191 N=611

Japan N 238 370

10

15 650

10

15 651020 Japan N=238,371

15 6515 650

15 65

10

20

10

20N=32 N=698

0

10

15 650

10

15 6515 65 15 65Age class Age class

Less successor and rapid decreaseLess successor and rapid decreaseFishery family without successors (%)Hokkaido (Adjacent regions) Boso (Adjacent regions) Japan

51.8 51.8 - 64.7 89.2 86.9 - 97.8 86.0

Set net fishermen consisted of ki (15 64)

Reduction rateworking-age (15 - 64)

Aging with few successors of19781978

Aging with few successors of regional fishemen were significant

20032003

Labor shortage will occur

significant

Necessity of improvement%

-20-40Labor shortage will occur

even in the set net fishery Necessity of improvement

of labor productivity-60

Average: -50%Average: -50%

Working process: salmon set netWorking process: salmon set net

Catch Landing Sorting, grading

Evaluation of workload by OWAS*Evaluation of workload by OWAS*Classify workload on the musculo-skeletal system by

AC- 1 2 3 4musculo skeletal system by the work posture

Evaluate work posture at 1 second interval on videosecond interval on video image Harm

(Workload heaviness)Action to change

the postureAC1 No not requiredAC2 Slight less urgentg gAC3 Considerable SoonAC4 Extreme Immediate

*Ovako Working-posture Analyzing System (Karhu et al. 1977)

AC4 Extreme Immediate

Workload on the on-board workWorkload on the on-board work0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Catch

C hCatch

SScoop

coarse AC1 AC2

AC3

coarse Sort

AC3 AC4

Workload on the wharf (salmon net)Workload on the wharf (salmon net)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Landing

sexSorting sex

appearance

Sorting,

Sorting,

Weighing

AC1Dumping

AC4AC2

AC3 AC4

Workload on the wharf (yellowtail net)Workload on the wharf (yellowtail net)

menLanding,

crane

Sorting table

Landing,

Sorting,

floor

table

AC2AC1floor

AC3

AC2AC1

AC3AC4

ConclusionConclusionJapanese fishery is facing to the labor shortage

by aging fishermen and few successors

Necessity to improve labor productivity

in the case of the set net fishery, reducing workload during catch fishing is a challengeworkload during catch fishing is a challenge

We have started the study of process managementWe have started the study of process managementin coastal fisheries to revive Japanese fishery