Decolonization And the Developing World. Decolonization - By the end of 20 th century : most of...
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Transcript of Decolonization And the Developing World. Decolonization - By the end of 20 th century : most of...
Decolonization= the forced or willing freeing of colonies by their European controllers-Mainly after WWII; -1940s-70s = dozens of new nations
Results-Creation of “Third World” or “Developing World”-colonization or western pol. & econ. dominance = lag behind West-Areas = Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America-Geographically = “North-South Split”
Patterns of Decolonization- Differed depending on conditions:
- Did they have to fight to become free?
- Enlightenment of colonizer? Active assistance w/transition to freedom?
- Serious native divisions?
- Diversification of new economy vs. maintaining monoculture & extraction of resources
- Settler vs. Non-Settler Colony
Regional Characteristics-Indian sub-continent- British India (Raj) becomes:- Independent India- Islamic western India becomes Pakistan
Regional Characteristics-Africa- Right to self-determination- Peaceful + violent revolutions- Pan Africanism – continental unity; cultural pride- Resentment toward colonial rule/exploitation
Regional Characteristics-Middle East – after defeat of Ottoman Empire WW I- Brit. + French Mandate System established by LON- Granted independence after WW II
Regional Characteristics-Middle East- 1948 - Jewish state of Israel carved out of 1922
“Mandate of Palestine”- Source of regional wars & continuing tensions
Regional Characteristics-Middle East - Post-War Development dominated by:
- Strategic & economic importance as source of petroleum (oil)
- urge to modernize vs. preservation of Islamic culture
- Destabilizing effects of Arab-Israeli conflict since 1948
- Authoritarianism
Limits of Decolonization- Western influences remained strong- West dominates trade- Exploitation of resources- Minimal gains for majority of population- Impact of civil war
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