Decision Maker Guide: An Instructional Guide for Design for Early Literacy Mentor-Coaches

7/31/2019 Decision Maker Guide: An Instructional Guide for Design for Early Literacy Mentor-Coaches

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W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o " Owcak TgyrfdgtAmcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk " Bacfefgt

Amcfkft}ya}fnk nk Dofemygk% Vnw}o " BacfefgtOgam T}ay} Iwygaw

«Ak Fkt}ywd}fnkae Mgtfhkbny Gay ev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadogtfk Ogam T}ay} akm Gayev Ogam T}ay}

T}gzt }n Twddgtt0 Ak Fkt}ywd}fnkae

Mgtfhk bny Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadogt

fk Ogam T}ay} akm Gayev Ogam T}ay}

M

gdftfn

kCalgyHw

fmg

Mgdftfnk

Calgy Hwfmg



Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg 1

Zygbadg

]og T}gzt }n Twddgtt Mgdftfnk Calgyt Hwfmg oat iggkxyf}}gk bny vnw”Ogam T}ay} egamgyt% cakahgyt% akm ZnefdvDnwkdfet+ Vnw t}yfrg }n iwfem tvt}gct }oa} zynrfmg t}abb xf}o }ogygtnwydgt akm twzzny} }ogv kggm }n twddggm fk }ogfy xnyl+ Vnwtggl gbbgd}frg xavt }n mgrgenz }og tlfeet akm lknxegmhg nb kgx akm gzgyfgkdgm t}abb+ Cnt} nb aee% vnw ennl bny t}ya}ghfgt}oa} ygbegd} }og Ogam T}ay} Dofem Nw}dncgt Byacgxnyl akmdak ogez t}abb zynrfmg yfdo gayev egaykfkh gzgyfgkdgt bny dofemygk+ Iwfemfkh a cgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gc dak ogez vnwadofgrg aee nb }ogtg hnaet% akm cnyg+

]og Ogam T}ay} Iwygaw gkrftfnkt a cnmge nb t}abb twzzny} }oa}fkdewmgt in}o cgk}nyfkh akm dnadofkh t}ya}ghfgt+ Fk }oftcnmge% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt hwfmg zyn}æhæt }n ygbegd} nk akm

akaevpg }ogfy xnyl xf}o dofemygk akm bacfefgt+ ]ogv aetn ogezzyn}æhæt }n dnkkgd} kgx ygtgaydo akm dwyygk} }ognyv }n }ogfy zyad}fdg+ Xf}o zyn}æhæt% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ad}frgev gzenyg kgxazzynadogt bny twzzny}fkh dofemygk‖t hynx}o fk lgv gayevegaykfkh mncafkt+ ]ogv dnado zyn}æhæt at }ogv }yv kgx ny dnczeg t}ya}ghfgt+ Ainrg aee% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ogez zyn}æhætt}av bndwtgm nk onx }ogfy zyad}fdg fczad}t dofem nw}dncgt+

Xayc% ofhoev#tlfeegm Cgk}ny#Dnadogt zeav a owhg yneg fk akgbbgd}frg tvt}gc+ At ft }ywg xf}o aee egaykfkh% t}ynkhygea}fnktofzt calg cgk}nyfkh znttfieg+ T}abb bnyc dentg inkmt

xf}o gzgy}t ny tlfeegm zggyt xon hwfmg }ogc fk bfkmfkh kgxxavt }n twzzny} dofemygk(t egaykfkh+ Iw}% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt mnkn} igay }og tneg ygtznktfifef}v+ At mgdftfnk calgyt% vnw dak)calg ny iygal) gbbgd}frg cgk}nyfkh xf}o }og tvt}gct }oa} vnwdyga}g+

]ogyg ft kn )nkg#tfpg#bf}t#aee) azzynado }n cgk}ny#dnadofkh+]ogyg ayg% onxgrgy% tncg fczny}ak} t}gzt vnw dak }alg }nattwyg }oa} vnwy zynhyac zynrfmgt gbbgd}frg cgk}ny#dnadofkh+Fk }oft hwfmg% vnw xfee bfkm a xgae}o nb oakmt#nk }fzt akm }nnet}oa} xfee ogez vnw iwfem t}ynkh tvt}gct }n twzzny} vnwy Cgk}ny#

Dnadogt akm ogez }oft znxgybwe t}ya}ghv xnyl bny vnw+




Ainw} T}gzt }n Twddgtt

]oft Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg ft zay} nb T}gzt }n Twddgtt0 Ak Fkt}ywd}fnkae Mgtfhk bny Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadogt fk Ogam T}ay} akm Gayev

Ogam T}ay}+ T}gzt }n Twddgtt ft mgtfhkgm }n twzzny} }og nkhnfkhcgk}ny#dnadofkh fkf}fa}frg fk zynhyact+ T}gzt }n Twddgtt fkdewmgt }ogmgrgenzcgk} nb }yafkfkh ca}gyfaet akm n}ogy ygtnwydgt }oa} myax wznkdwyygk} ygtgaydo akm gbbgd}frg zyad}fdgt ygea}gm }n t}abb mgrgenzcgk}akm gayev ef}gyadv+ ]og zyn`gd} ft twzzny}gm }oynwho T]GZ#Kg}/o}}z0..xxx+t}gz#kg}+nyh&% }og dnccwkfda}fnk kg}xnyl arafeaieg }n }ogCgk}ny#Dnado dnccwkf}v+

T}gzt }n Twddgtt fkdewmgt a cwe}f#wkf} }yafkfkh zadlahg bny Cgk}ny#Dnadogt< }oft Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg< }og T]GZ#Efkg /1#?88#DNADO:=% ny 1#?88#929#9=:=& a twzzny} }gegzonkg efkg bny cgk}ny#dnadofkh<

akm a kgxteg}}gy% T]GZ#Kn}gt% xofdo bga}wygt fkbnyca}fnk ainw}gbbgd}frg azzynadogt }n cgk}ny#dnadofkh akm gzgyfgkdgt bync }ogbfgem+

Fk}ynmwd}fnk

Xov Mgrgenz A Cgk}ny#Dnadofkh Tvt}gc>

Adyntt }og dnwk}yv% Ogam T}ay} zynhyact ayg wtfkh cgk}ny#dnadofkh }n twzzny} t}abb+ ]og Iwygaw ft fkrgt}gm fk }oftt}ya}ghv at a xav }n fczynrg dofem nw}dncgt+ Ygtgaydotwzzny}t }oft igefgb+ T}wmfgt tonx }oa} cgk}nyfkh iwfemt nkzyn}æhæt‖ ad}wae zyad}fdg akm zynrfmgt yfdogy egaykfkh }oaknkg#}fcg xnyltonzt+ F} dak aetn dnczegcgk} t}abb cgcigy‖tofhogy gmwda}fnk t}wmfgt+

Ygtgaydo aetn zfkznfk}t dnk}gk}#bndwtgm dnadofkh at akgbbgd}frg xav }n bnt}gy t}abb(t hynx}o+ Xf}o Cgk}ny#Dnadogt(twzzny}% t}abb azzev lknxegmhg at }ogv adqwfyg f}+ ]ogv fmgk}fbv

hnaet }n gkyfdo dofemygk(t egaykfkh+ ]ogv gzenyg kgx dnk}gk}%ygbegd}% akm zyniegc#tnerg+ ]ogv oarg doakdgt }n egayk% hynx%akm toayg xoa} }ogv lknx fk a twzzny}frg gkrfynkcgk}+ Aee nb }ogtg ayg gttgk}fae zay}t nb gbbgd}frg efbgenkh egaykfkh+

Cgk}ny#dnadofkh oat hyga} zn}gk}fae }n t}ygkh}ogk Ogam T}ay}+T}abb igdncg fkrnergm fk }ogfy nxk hynx}o+ ]ogv aetn igdncgdoakhg ahgk}t+ Xf}o }ogfy cgk}nyt% }ogv zay}kgy fk fczynrfkh




dofem nw}dncgt+ ]nhg}ogy% }ogv attgtt akm gkoakdg dofemygk(tegaykfkh+ T}gzt }n Twddgtt cgk}ny#dnadofkh bndwtgt nk gayeveakhwahg akm ef}gyadv+ Iw}% vnwy zynhyac dak wtg }og t}ya}ghv}n iwfem t}abb dazadf}v fk akv gayev egaykfkh mncafk+

A Hwfmg }n }og HwfmgFk }og zahgt }oa} bneenx% xg zynrfmg vnw xf}o fkbnyca}fnk }nhwfmg vnw fk dyga}fkh t}ynkh% gbbgd}frg gayev ef}gyadv cgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gct+ Grgk fb vnw aeygamv oarg a tvt}gc fk zeadg%xg onzg }oa} }og fkbnyca}fnk fk }og bneenxfkh bfrg tgd}fnkt xfeeogez vnw dnk}fkwg }n t}ygkh}ogk vnwy tvt}gc+

1+ Tgegd}fkh a Cnmge bny Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadofkh+ Ogygvnw xfee bfkm a mg}afegm mgtdyfz}fnk nb }og mfbbgygk} azzynadogt }ncgk}ny#dnadofkh+ ]oft fkbnyca}fnk xfee ogez vnw mgtfhk akm.ny cnmfbv vnwy cnmge akm f}t nrgytfho} tvt}gct+

9+ Bfkmfkh Bfkakdfae Ygtnwydgt bny Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadofkh+ Fk }oft tgd}fnk% vnw xfee egayk ainw} mfbbgygk} tnwydgtnb twzzny} bny vnwy tvt}gc+ Vnw xfee hafk a hnnm nrgyrfgx nb tnwydgt% at xgee at }fzt nk onx }n addgtt }ogc+

4+ Tgegd}fkh akm Ca}dofkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ ]oft tgd}fnk xfeegkhahg vnw fk }ofklfkh ainw} }og dyf}gyfa vnw dwyygk}ev wtg ny xfeemgrgenz }n tgegd} Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ Vnw xfee egayk cnyg ainw}}og doayad}gyft}fdt nb gbbgd}frg Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm tgegd}fnkzyndgttgt+ Vnw xfee aetn gzenyg dnktfmgya}fnkt bny ca}dofkhCgk}ny#Dnadogt xf}o zyn}æhæt+

=+ Nyfgk}fkh akm ]yafkfkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ Fk }oft tgd}fnk% vnwxfee hafk fktfho} fk}n }og }vzgt nb twzzny} akm ygtnwydgt }oa} ogezCgk}ny#Dnadogt twddggm fk }ogfy xnyl xf}o t}abb+ Vnw dak wtg}oft tgd}fnk }n yg#gacfkg vnwy dwyygk} ny zynzntgm Cgk}ny#Dnado nyfgk}a}fnk akm }yafkfkh zyad}fdgt+

7+ Efklfkh Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadofkh }n Vnwy Zynhyac‖tCakahgcgk} Tvt}gct+ Ogyg vnw xfee bfkm gbbgd}frg t}ya}ghfgt }ndnkkgd} vnwy cgk}ny#dnadofkh gbbny} xf}o gft}fkh cakahgcgk}tvt}gct+ Vnw xfee aetn bfkm ygtnwydgt }n twzzny} zeakkfkh%graewa}fnk% akm ygtnwydg aeenda}fnk+



Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg =

1+ Tgegd}fkh a Cnmge bny GayevEf}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadofkh

Nkg nb }og bfyt} t}gzt fk mgtfhkfkh a Cgk}ny#Dnado tvt}gc ft

}n tgegd} a cnmge }oa} ft a hnnm bf} bny vnwy zynhyac+ Vnw dakighfk }oft tgegd}fnk zyndgtt iv dnktfmgyfkh }ogtg qwgt}fnkt0

• Xfee nwy cnmge fkdewmg ak ammf}fnkae damyg nb t}abb }oa}bwkd}fnk zwygev at Cgk}ny#Dnadogt>

• Xfee xg dncifkg }og Cgk}ny#Dnado bwkd}fnk xf}o n}ogy `ni ygtznktfifef}fgt>

]og aktxgyt }n }ogtg qwgt}fnkt ayg fkbewgkdgm iv }og kggmt%ygtnwydgt% akm doayad}gyft}fdt nb vnwy zynhyac+ Xogk vnwcgg} xf}o }og egamgytofz }gac }n gzenyg vnwy nz}fnkt% mftdwtt}ogtg bad}nyt }oa} dak fczad} vnwy donfdg nb a cnmge0

• Zynhyac zofentnzov — Vnwy zynhyac cav oarg azofentnzov nb twzgyrftfnk }oa} gkdnczattgt cgk}ny#dnadofkh+ ]oft ft gtzgdfaeev }ywg fb vnwy zynhyac wtgtygbegd}frg twzgyrftfnk xogyg dwyygk} twzgyrftnyt aygaeygamv zynrfmfkh cgk}ny#dnadofkh twzzny} }n t}abb+ Ny%vnwy zynhyac cav t}ynkhev igefgrg }oa} twzgyrftfnk akmcgk}nyfkh ayg tgzaya}g akm mft}fkd} bwkd}fnkt }oa}dakkn} ig dncifkgm+ /Tgg zahg 9= nb }og Ogam T}ay}zwiefda}fnk% Zw}}fkh }og ZYN fk Zyn}æhæ bny cnygfkbnyca}fnk nk twzgyrftnyt akm cgk}nyt+&

• Nyhakfpa}fnkae dazadf}v — Vnwy zynhyac cav aeygamvoarg a cwe}f#eavgy t}ywd}wyg bny t}abb twzzny} /gmwda}fnkcakahgyt% dnnymfka}nyt% akm tf}g twzgyrftnyt&+ Hfrgk}oa} t}ywd}wyg% vnw cav mgdfmg }oa} tofb}fkh ny yg#mgbfkfkh ynegt nb gft}fkh t}abb }n bndwt nk cgk}ny#dnadofkh cav ig }og igt} nz}fnk+

• Bfkakdfae ygtnwydgt — Lggzfkh }og cgk}ny#dnadofkhakm twzgyrftfnk bwkd}fnkt tgzaya}g wtwaeev cgaktammfkh a kgx hynwz nb t}abb+ Grgk fb vnwy zynhyacdnktfmgyt }oft }og igt} azzynado% }og iwmhg} cav kn}twzzny} ammf}fnkae ofyfkh+

Vnwy Ogam T}ay} dneegahwgt adyntt }og dnwk}yv ayg }vzfdaeevwtfkh nkg nb }oygg cgk}ny#dnadofkh cnmget+ Mgzgkmfkh nkvnwy dwyygk} ygaef}fgt% nkg nb }ogtg cnmget cav ig a hnnmdonfdg bny vnwy zynhyac+

―Donntfkh a cgk}ny#dnadofkh cnmge bny nwy zynhyac xat qwf}ga zyndgtt+ Xgegaykgm }oa} }ogyg ftmgbfkf}gev kn} a ―nkg#tfpg#bf}t#aee‖ azzynado+–Ogam T}ay} Mfygd}ny

Attgciefkh a zeakkfkh}gac bny }oft xnyl ft ahnnm t}ya}ghv+ ]oftegamgytofz }gac cavfkdewmg0• Zynhyac cakahgyt• Znefdv hynwz

ygzygtgk}a}frgt• Lgv t}abb cgcigyt




Twzgyrftnyt at Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ Gft}fkh twzgyrftnytfkdnyznya}g cgk}nyfkh akm dnadofkh t}ya}ghfgt fk}n }ogfy xnyl+]ogv wtg t}ygkh}o#iatgm azzynadogt akm ygbegd}frg zyad}fdgt+

]oft cnmge aeenxt bny iwfemfkh fk#mgz}o ygea}fnktofzt ig}xggk

}og Cgk}ny#Dnado akm }og zyn}æhæ+ ]og twzgyrftny atCgk}ny#Dnado dak zynrfmg a dnczygogktfrg egrge nb twzzny}}n zyn}æhæt+ ]ogv bndwt nk aee aygat nb }og fkmfrfmwae‖tzynbgttfnkae mgrgenzcgk}+ ]owt% }ogv ayg aieg }n hg} }og bweezfd}wyg nb zyn}æhæt‖ t}ygkh}ot akm aygat bny fczynrgcgk}+Dncifkfkh }og yneg nb }og twzgyrftny akm Cgk}ny#Dnado aetnogezt }n lggz efkgt nb dnccwkfda}fnk akm addnwk}aifef}v degay+

Vnw cav gkdnwk}gy ygtft}akdg bync twzgyrftnyt xon bgge }oa}cgk}ny#dnadofkh ft ak amm#nk }n }ogfy enkh eft} nb ygtznktfifef}fgt+ Ogezfkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm zyn}æhæt

wkmgyt}akm akm addgz} kgx ynegt akm ygtznktfifef}fgt ft lgv }n}og twddgtt nb }oft cnmge+ Vnw cwt} aeen} twbbfdfgk} }fcg bny twzgyrftnyt xon ayg Cgk}ny#Dnadogt }n cgg} bygqwgk}ev xf}ot}abb+ Mgzgkmfkh nk vnwy dwyygk} t}ywd}wyg% }oft cav cgakammfkh onwyt }n }og twzgyrftny zntf}fnkt ny grgk ammfkh cnygtwzgyrftnyt }n vnwy t}abb+ Daygbweev dnktfmgy a ya}fn nb Cgk}ny#Dnadogt }n zyn}æhæt }oa} xfee aeenx bny }oft gzakmgm yneg+

Cgk}ny#Dnadogt at Cgk}nyt Nkev+ Zynhyact ofyg ammf}fnkaet}abb ny dnktwe}ak}t at Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ ]og yneg nb }ogCgk}ny#Dnado fk }oft cnmge ft }n ogez zyn}æhæt iwfem }ogfy eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv zyad}fdgt+ Twzgyrftnyt dnk}fkwg }n bwebfee}og graewa}frg yneg+

]og ammf}fnk nb }ogtg Cgk}ny#Dnadogt mgbfkgt cgk}ny#dnadofkh fk a degay#dw} xav+ ]oft cnmge wtwaeev fkdygatgt }ogbygqwgkdv akm fk}gktf}v nb twzzny} }n zyn}æhæt+ ]og aitgkdgnb graewa}fnk cav ogez }n egttgk }og akfg}v nb zyn}æhæt+ F}cav aetn }alg egtt }fcg }n mgrgenz }og dyf}fdae }ywt}fkhygea}fnktofz ig}xggk Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm zyn}æhæt+

Xogk ammfkh }oft g}ya eavgy nb t}abb twzzny}% vnw cwt}daygbweev mgbfkg }og nrgyeazzfkh ynegt akm ygtznktfifef}fgt nb Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm twzgyrftnyt+ Vnw cwt} aetn gt}aieftodegay efkgt nb dnccwkfda}fnk akm addnwk}aifef}v acnkhCgk}ny#Dnadogt% twzgyrftnyt% akm zyn}æhæt+ Tgd}fnk 7zynrfmgt vnw xf}o tncg hwfmgefkgt bny gbbgd}frgdnccwkfda}fnk+

]oygg dnccnkev#wtgmcnmget bny cgk}ny#dnadofkh fk OgamT}ay}0• Twzgyrftnyt at

Cgk}ny#Dnadogt• Cgk}ny#Dnadogt at

cgk}nyt nkev• Zggy }gadogyt at

Cgk}ny#Dnadogt




Vnw cav ig doaeegkhgm }n bfkm }og bfkakdfae ygtnwydgt }n bwkm}oft cnmge+ ]n amm }oft kgx hynwz nb t}abb% vnw cwt} gf}ogy tgdwyg twzzegcgk}ae bwkmfkh ny am`wt} vnwy dwyygk} iwmhg}+Tgg Tgd}fnk 9 bny bwy}ogy fkbnyca}fnk ainw} bwkmfkh+

Zggy ]gadogyt at Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ Zynhyact wtggzgyfgkdgm akm lknxegmhgaieg }gadogyt at Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+]ogtg }gadogyt oarg }gadofkh ygtznktfifef}fgt bny }ogfy nxkdeattynnct fk ammf}fnk }n }ogfy Cgk}ny#Dnado xnyl+

]oft cnmge dak ogez }n iwfem a tgktg nb }gacxnyl acnkh}gadogyt+ ]gadogyt at Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ayg nb}gk tggk atdygmfieg fk }og gvgt nb }ogfy zggyt+ ]og Cgk}ny#Dnado akmzyn}æhæ ygea}fnktofz ft iwfe} nk }og cw}wae wkmgyt}akmfkh akmygtzgd} }oa} ygtwe}t bync mnfkh }og tacg `ni+ ]ogyg ft a tgktgnb ―igfkh fk }oft }nhg}ogy+–

Vnw dak hwaym ahafkt} }og ygtgk}cgk} }oa} t}abb cgcigyttncg}fcgt bgge xogk a zggy ft hfrgk tzgdfae ygdnhkf}fnk ny azyncn}fnk iv fkrnerfkh aee }gadogyt fk kncfka}fkh dakmfma}gtbny zggy cgk}nyt akm iv daygbweev calfkh Cgk}ny#Dnado akmzyn}æhæ attfhkcgk}t+ ]og Ca}dofkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akmZyn}æhæt doay} fk Tgd}fnk 4 nw}efkgt bad}nyt }n dnktfmgy xogkcalfkh Cgk}ny#Dnado#zyn}æhæ ca}dogt+

Vnw oarg ak nzzny}wkf}v }n dyga}g ny gzakm vnwy zynhyac‖tdayggy eammgy xf}o }oft cnmge+ Vnw dak nbbgy akn}ogy argkwgbny }og zynbgttfnkae hynx}o nb gzgyfgkdgm }gadogyt+ ]oft cavig rgyv azzgaefkh }n }gadogyt xon ayg kn} ygamv }n }alg nk atwzgyrftnyv ny cakahgcgk} yneg vg} ayg tgglfkh a kgxdoaeegkhg+

Vnw kggm }n dnktfmgy }og iwmhg} fczefda}fnkt nb }oft cnmge+]gadogyt xon ayg aetn Cgk}ny#Dnadogt xfee kggm }n oargtwbbfdfgk} ygegatg }fcg bync }ogfy nxk deattynnct }n bwebfee }oftyneg+ Vnw cav kggm }n amm ammf}fnkae twit}f}w}g dnrgyahg+

Aetn% vnw cav xak} }n gzenyg bwkmfkh bny zav fkdygatgt ny t}fzgkmt bny }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+

At vnw dak tgg% donntfkh a cnmge bny cgk}ny#dnadofkh fttncgxoa} dnczeg+ Fkrnerfkh vnwy zynhyac‖t egamgytofz }gacfk }oft mgdftfnk#calfkh zyndgtt xfee ogez vnw }n ayyfrg a} }ogigt} dnkdewtfnk+




9+ Bfkmfkh Bfkakdfae Ygtnwydgt bny Gayev Ef}gyadvCgk}ny#Dnadofkh

Vnwy zynhyac‖t Ogam T}ay} }gadogyt% twzgyrftnyt% cakahgyt%egamgyt% akm zaygk}t oarg aee ahyggm }oa} eawkdofkh a cgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gc xfee ogez inet}gy vnwy zynhyac‖t eakhwahg akmef}gyadv hnaet+ Kn ca}}gy xofdo nb }og }oygg cgk}ny#dnadofkhcnmget vnw oarg tgegd}gm% vnw qwfdlev dncg }n }og ygaefpa}fnk}oa} vnw xfee kggm }n ha}ogy ammf}fnkae ygtnwydgt }n iwfem akgbbgd}frg tvt}gc+ At vnw zygzayg }n tggl kgx bwkmfkh tnwydgt%zwytwf} akm zgytft}gkdg xfee ig lgv bad}nyt fk vnwy twddgtt+

Zwytwf}+ Ighfk iv egaykfkh at cwdo at znttfieg ainw} znttfiegbwkmgyt akm }ogfy fkf}fa}frgt”xg hfrg vnw tncg ―egamt– ea}gy fk

}oft tgd}fnk+ Twitdyfig }n akm xa}do bny bwkmfkhakknwkdgcgk}t+ Yghweayev tgaydo lgv xgitf}gt bny fkbnyca}fnkakm bwkmfkh akknwkdgcgk}t+ Nkg zeadg }n t}ay} ft }og Ka}fnkaeDofem Dayg Fkbnyca}fnk Dgk}gy xgitf}g0o}}z0..xxx+kddfd+nyh.znz}nzfdt.bwkmfkh#nzzny}wkf}fgt+o}ce+ Tg}vnwy tfho}t nk a zay}fdweay bwkmgy ny bwkmfkh fkf}fa}frg akm zwytwgf}+ Fb znttfieg% cafk}afk dnk}ad} xf}o }og bwkmgy% iwfemfkh aygea}fnktofz xf}o }ogc+ ]ael xf}o }ogc ainw} vnwy fmgat akm }ogfczny}akdg nb a Cgk}ny#Dnado tvt}gc bny fczynrfkh qwaef}v akmdofem nw}dncgt+ Lggz mg}afegm bfegt nb fkbnyca}fnk ainw} vnwy gbbny}t0 ma}gt xogk vnw‖rg oam dnkrgyta}fnkt xf}o zay}fdweay bwkmgyt% bwkmgyt‖ fk}gygt}t akm qwgt}fnkt% akm bneenx#wzfkbnyca}fnk akm dnk}ad}t vnw kggm+ Zwytwf} wtwaeev zavt nbb akmogezt }n tzwy }og twzzny} vnwy cgk}ny#dnadofkh bwkmfkh fkf}fa}frgkggmt+

Zgytft}gkdg+ At vnw xnyl }n tgdwyg ammf}fnkae bwkmfkh% vnw cavbfkm }oa} vnwy fkf}fae gbbny}t }n adqwfyg kgx ygtnwydgt baee tony}+ F}ft dyf}fdae }n t}av gkhahgm grgk xogk a zn}gk}fae bwkmgy ny dneeainya}ny tavt% ―Tnyyv% xg dak‖} + + +– Fk tgglfkh akv kgxygtnwydgt% vnwy mg}gycfka}fnk ft nb}gk a cgatwyg nb }og gbbny}‖ttwddgtt+ Fb vnw mn kn} twddggm a} bfyt}% mnk‖} hfrg wz”}yv ahafk!Ennl bny xavt }n t}ygkh}ogk vnwy gbbny}t }n tgdwyg bwkmfkh+Dnktfmgy tgdwyfkh }og twzzny} nb ak fkbewgk}fae dneegahwg ny dnccwkf}v cgcigy }n ogez zyncn}g }og fczny}akdg nb acgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gc xf}o zay}fdweay bwkmgyt+ Ny% vnw cavkggm }n ygbfkg ny grgk ygxyf}g ak wktwddgttbwe bwkmfkh ygqwgt}tgk} }n a kgx bwkmgy akm ygtwicf} f} a tgdnkm ny grgk }ofym}fcg+

)Nwy cgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gc ft akfkrgt}cgk} fk nwy t}abb+Nwy }gadogyt knx tgg}ogctgergt at ygae zynbgttfnkaet+ ]ogv ayg zynwm nb }ogfy xnyl akm at a ygtwe}% nwy yg}gk}fnk ya}gt oargfczynrgm tfhkfbfdak}ev+)

Cgk}ny#Dnado



Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg ?

Igenx% vnw xfee bfkm tncg znttfieg bwkmfkh t}ya}ghfgt }oa} vnwcfho} xak} }n zwytwg /akm zgytft} fk zwytwfkh& }n hg} vnwy zynhyac‖t Cgk}ny#Dnado tvt}gc xgee gt}aieftogm+

Zay}kgytofzt+ At vnw dnktfmgy xavt }n bfkakdfaeev twzzny} vnwy

zynhyac‖t cgk}ny#dnadofkh hnaet% ig twyg }n gacfkg onx vnwcfho} zay}kgy xf}o dofem dayg% zyg#lfkmgyhay}gk% ny kgayiv OgamT}ay} zynhyact }n amrakdg a cgk}ny#dnadofkh gbbny}+ ]ofkl ifh+Xofeg zay}kgyfkh fkf}fa}frgt }alg daygbwe zeakkfkh akm tfhkfbfdak}}fcg }n ig twddgttbwe% }ogfy zavnbb ft hyga}+ Bny gaczeg%zay}kgytofzt dak eawkdo dnccwkf}v#xfmg cgk}nyfkh gbbny}t }oa}ogez }n amrakdg akm aefhk t}abb cgcigy‖t }gadofkh zyad}fdgtadyntt aee gayev gmwda}fnk zynhyact+ At vnw ighfk }n nyhakfpg adnccwkf}v gbbny} xf}o n}ogy zynhyact }n tggl kggmgm bwkmfkh%vnw cfho} mftdwtt xf}o vnwy zay}kgyt xavt }n iegkm gft}fkhygtnwydgt }n tgdwyg a cgk}ny xon dak xnyl adyntt vnwy

zynhyact+ Nb}gk iv iegkmfkh efcf}gm ygtnwydgt% zay}kgyfkhzynhyact dak ofyg a bwee#}fcg% ofhoev#qwaefbfgm cgk}ny+

Cwkfdfzae bwkmfkh+ Cakv df}fgt akm }nxkt oarg a zyndgtt bny dnccwkf}v zynhyact }n twicf} bwkmfkh ygqwgt}t }n }ogcwkfdfzaef}fgt‖ mgdftfnk calgyt+ ]ael ny xyf}g }n vnwy dnccwkf}v‖t egamgyt”}og cavny% }nxk dnwkdfe doafyzgytnk%tdonne inaym nbbfdfae% }n egayk cnyg ainw} akv arafeaieg bwkmfkhnzzny}wkf}fgt+ Cwkfdfzae mgdftfnk calgyt xfee ig cnyg ygdgz}frg}n vnwy ygqwgt} fb vnw dak gt}aiefto a zay}kgytofz xf}o n}ogy zwiefd tdonnet ny gayev dofemonnm gmwda}fnk zynhyact fk vnwy ayga akm mgcnkt}ya}g onx }og cgk}nyfkh fkf}fa}frg dak igkgbf}tgrgyae nb }og gayev dofemonnm zynhyact fk vnwy dnccwkf}v+

Endae akm.ny t}a}g bnwkma}fnkt+ Gayev dofemonnm gmwda}fnk akmtgyrfdgt }n fczynrg gmwda}fnkae nzzny}wkf}fgt bny mftamrak}ahgmznzwea}fnkt ygcafk a zyfnyf}v bny cakv bnwkma}fnkt+ Egayk ainw}bnwkma}fnkt }oa} }ayhg} vnwy t}a}g” bfkm efklt }n cakv yghfnkaeattndfa}fnkt nb hyak}calgyt a}o}}z0..bmkdgk}gy+nyh.bwkmgyt.hyak}calgy.hxt^dncc.dncc+o}ce

Vnwy endae efiyayv xfee aetn eflgev oarg a bnwkma}fnk mfygd}nyv+Rftf} }og bnwkma}fnkt‖ xgitf}gt }n dogdl nw} }ogfy zyfnyf}fgt%bwkmfkh dvdegt% }og acnwk} nb }og argyahg bwkmfkh axaymt% akmtwicfttfnk tzgdfbfda}fnkt+ Vnw cav aetn xak} }n bfkm nw} ainw}n}ogy zyn`gd}t }og bnwkma}fnk oat bwkmgm+ Dnktfmgy dnk}ad}fkh}og ygdfzfgk}t nb }ontg hyak}t }n egayk cnyg ainw} }ogfy azzynado}n tnefdf}fkh bnwkma}fnk twzzny} akm }og zay}fdweay bnwkma}fnk }oa}twzzny}t }ogfy gbbny}+




N}ogy endae tnwydgt+ Vnw cav aetn xak} }n dogdl xf}o vnwy endaeDoacigy nb Dnccgydg< tgyrfdg dewit twdo at Yn}ayv ny Lfxakft dewit< akm dnyznya}g dnccwkf}v /hfrfkh& zynhyactattndfa}gm xf}o endae iaklt% fktwyakdg dnczakfgt% akm eayhgdnyznya}fnkt+

Ogam T}ay} bwkmfkh nzzny}wkf}fgt+ Xa}do bny Ygqwgt}t bny Zynzntaet /YBZt& bync }og Ogam T}ay} Iwygaw ny vnwy yghfnk‖t

Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt /ADB& Ogam T}ay}Nbbfdg wkmgy xofdo vnwy fmgat bny a cgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gccfho} bf}+ Ogam T}ay} mfygd}nyt tonwem }ael xf}o }ogfy ADBzynhyac tzgdfaeft}t ainw} bfkakdfae kggmt ygea}gm }n cgk}ny#dnadofkh+ Tzgdfaeft}t cav oarg fmgat }n toayg akm aegy}mfygd}nyt }n wzdncfkh ADB bwkmfkh nzzny}wkf}fgt+

T}a}g bwkmfkh nzzny}wkf}fgt+ Cakv t}a}gt cafk}afk g#cafe eft}t

}oa} aegy} fk}gygt}gm t}algonemgyt }n bwkmfkh nzzny}wkf}fgt+ Igtwyg }oa} vnw ayg fkdewmgm nk t}a}g g#cafe eft}t ny }oa} vnwyghweayev tgaydo t}a}g xgitf}gt bny bwkmfkh akknwkdgcgk}t+ Vnwcfho} aetn xak} }n cafk}afk dnk}ad} xf}o hynwzt fk vnwy t}a}g}oa} t}av aiygat} nb twdo nzzny}wkf}fgt+ Xogk bwkmfkhakknwkdgcgk}t ayg ygegatgm% ygam }ogc }n mg}gycfkg }ogfy rfaifef}v bny bwkmfkh vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnado fkf}fa}frg+ Cakv fkf}fa}frgtayg gt}aieftogm }n fczynrg egaykfkh nw}dncgt bny dofemygk% tn igtwyg }n efkl vnwy fkf}fa}frg }n fczynrgm dofem nw}dncgt akmgt}aiefto tvt}gct bny cnkf}nyfkh ygtwe}t nb }ogtg tgaydogt+

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Gmwda}fnk eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv fkf}fa}frgt+Cakv bwkmfkh nzzny}wkf}fgt dwyygk}ev arafeaieg }oynwho }og W+T+Mgzay}cgk} nb Gmwda}fnk dnwem gatfev fkdnyznya}g cgk}ny#dnadofkh+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Gmwda}fnk#bwkmgm zynhyact twdo atGayev Ygamfkh Bfyt}% akm }og Gayev Dofemonnm Gmwda}ny Zynbgttfnkae Mgrgenzcgk} zynhyact aee bndwt nk gkoakdgmgayev eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv gbbny}t fk xofdo cgk}ny#dnadofkht}ya}ghfgt dak ogez twzzny} }og zay}fdweay fkf}fa}frg‖t hnaet+ Vnwy dnccwkf}v cav aeygamv oarg bwkmfkh bny nkg ny cnyg nb }ogtgfkf}fa}frgt+ Bfkm nw} onx vnw cav igdncg zay} nb }og gbbny} akmgzenyg xavt }oa} a Cgk}ny#Dnado fkf}fa}frg dnwem ig xnrgk fk}n}og kg} ygqwgt} bny bwkmfkh+ Fb }ogyg ft kn bwkmfkh fk vnwy dnccwkf}v% ygam }og W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Gmwda}fnk‖t bwkmfkhakknwkdgcgk}t }n mg}gycfkg fb a Cgk}ny#Dnado fkf}fa}frg cfho}ig fkdewmgm fk }og ygqwgt}+ Gt}aiefto ny `nfk a dnccwkf}v gbbny}}n ig zay} nb a bwkmfkh ygqwgt}+



Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg 1:

4+ Tgegd}fkh akm Ca}dofkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt

Vnwy daygbwe tgegd}fnk nb Cgk}ny#Dnadogt”xog}ogy bync vnwy nxk zynhyac% bync acnkh endae dnktwe}ak}t% ny bync a endaedneeghg ny wkfrgytf}v”ft dyf}fdae }n gt}aieftofkh ak gbbgd}frgzynhyac+ ]og xnyl nb dnk}gk}#bndwtgm Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ftdnczeg+ At }ogv zeak akm fczegcgk} }ogfy fk}gyad}fnkt xf}ozyn}æhæt% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt cwt} myax nk lknxegmhg nb dofemakm amwe} mgrgenzcgk}% zyad}fdae gzgy}ftg fk eakhwahg akmef}gyadv }gadofkh% akm tlfeet fk xnylfkh xf}o amwe} egaykgyt+ Fkammf}fnk% }og zgytnkae doayad}gyft}fdt }oa} dnk}yfiw}g }n iwfemfkh}ywt}fkh ygea}fnktofzt ayg lgv }n }og twddgtt nb Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+

Doayad}gyft}fdt nb Twddgttbwe Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ At vnwmgrgenz vnwy zynhyac% dnktfmgy }og bneenxfkh doayad}gyft}fdt nb twddgttbwe Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+

Zynbgttfnkae lknxegmhg akm tlfee + Mggz lknxegmhg nb eakhwahgakm ef}gyadv }gadofkh akm egaykfkh ft gttgk}fae fb vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ayg }n ig ygtzgd}gm akm gbbgd}frg+ ]ogv cwt} igbacfefay xf}o }og cnt} dwyygk} ygtgaydo akm wkmgyt}akm onx }oa}ygtgaydo dak ig }yaktea}gm fk}n deattynnc fkt}ywd}fnk+ A}onynwho wkmgyt}akmfkh nb }nzfdt twdo at zyncn}fkh dofemygk‖tnyae eakhwahg% gkdnwyahfkh gayev xyf}fkh% }gadofkh dnkdgz}t nb zyfk}% akm iwfemfkh zonknenhfdae axaygkgtt ayg aee fczny}ak} atft }og dazadf}v }n attgtt dofemygk‖t mgrgenzcgk} akm cgatwygdofem nw}dncgt fk aee nb }ogtg aygat+

Bwkd}fnkae tlfeet+ At gzgyfgkdgm }gadogyt% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt xfeecnmge igt} zyad}fdg bny }ogfy zyn}æhæt+ Cgk}ny#Dnadogt cwt}oarg tlfeet onxgrgy% }oa} t}yg}do igvnkm igfkh hnnm }gadogyt+]ogv cwt} ig aieg }n azzev }ogfy zynbgttfnkae lknxegmhg }n xnylxf}o amwe} egaykgyt+ ]og dazadf}v }n nitgyrg deattynnc zyad}fdgakm akaevpg }ontg nitgyra}fnkt ft dgk}yae }n }og twddgtt nb }ogfy xnyl akm }n }ogfy aifef}v }n ogez }og zyn}æhæ fk tg}}fkh hnaet+ Fkammf}fnk% }ogv cwt} wtg }ogfy wkmgyt}akmfkh nb amwe}mgrgenzcgk} at }ogv }yaktea}g }ogfy nitgyra}fnkt fk}n }onwho}#zynrnlfkh qwgt}fnkt akm mgtfhk n}ogy fk}gyrgk}fnkt }oa} xfee

twzzny} fkmfrfmwae zyn}æhæ‖t hynx}o+ ]ogv cwt} ig aieg }n yaftgmfbbfdwe} fttwgt xf}o }og zyn}æhæ fk a zynmwd}frg cakkgy+

Zgytnkae mftzntf}fnkt+ ]og zgytnkae tlfeet nb vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ayg aetn dywdfae }n }ogfy twddgtt+ ]ogv xfee kggm }ndnccwkfda}g tgeb#dnkbfmgkdg akm a} }og tacg }fcg ig nzgk }nn}ogy zgytzgd}frgt akm }n dnk}fkwgm egaykfkh ainw} }ogdnczegf}fgt nb }gadofkh vnwkh dofemygk+ Byfgkmefkgtt% gcza}ov%

―Kn} grgyvnkg ftdazaieg nb cgk}nyfkh%

grgk fb }ogv oarg a en} nb lknxegmhg+ ]ogv kggm }n ig nzgkyghaymfkh xogyg }og zyn}æhæ ft fk ogy dayggy+– ]gadogy

Doayad}gyft}fdt0

Zynbgttfnkae

Lknxegmhg akmTlfee Bwkd}fnkae Tlfeet

ZgytnkaeMftzntf}fnkt




akm ygtzgd} bny }ogfy zyn}æhæt cwt} ig iaeakdgm xf}o ak aifef}v}n cafk}afk bndwt akm zynmwd}frf}v fk }ogfy fk}gyad}fnkt akm }nfkmfrfmwaefpg addnymfkh }n }og egaykfkh t}vegt akm iadlhynwkm nb gado zyn}æhæ+ Xofeg ygdnhkfpfkh fkmfrfmwae t}vegt% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt cwt} aetn ogez zyn}æhæt }n bndwt nk dofem nw}dncgt+

]og Tgegd}fnk Zyndgtt+ Zw}}fkh }og ZYN fk Zyn}æhæ nw}efkgt abnwy t}gz tgegd}fnk zyndgtt bny cgk}nyfkh zynhyact+ ]ogvygdnccgkm0 a bnycae azzefda}fnk% ygdnccgkma}fnkt iv zygrfnwtdneegahwgt akm twzgyrftnyt% a bnycae nitgyra}fnk fk gadodakmfma}g‖t deattynnc /attwcfkh }ogv ayg dwyygk}ev }gadofkh&%akm a tgegd}fnk dnccf}}gg }oa} ygrfgxt azzefda}fnkt% fk}gyrfgxt%akm tgegd}t }og cgk}nyt+ Xofeg }ogtg ayg aee fczny}ak}dncznkgk}t nb a tgegd}fnk zyndgtt% vnw tonwem t}ay} iv }ofklfkhainw} }og doayad}gyft}fdt }oa} vnw ayg ennlfkh bny akm igefgrg ayggttgk}fae }n vnwy zynhyac+ Xf}o }ogtg doayad}gyft}fdt fk cfkm

vnw dak mgrgenz a `ni mgtdyfz}fnk akm }afeny a tgegd}fnk zyndgtt}oa} ft bndwtgm nk bfkmfkh }og dakmfma}gt }oa} ayg igt} qwaefbfgmbny }og `ni at vnw oarg mgbfkgm f}+ /Tgg zahg 1= bny a taczeg `nimgtdyfz}fnk+& At vnw mgrgenz vnwy tgegd}fnk zyndgtt% dnktfmgy fkdnyznya}fkh tncg nb }og bneenxfkh fmgat01

Gacfkfkh zynbgttfnkae tlfeet+ Ygrfgxfkh dakmfma}gt‖ ygtwcgtxfee hfrg vnw fczny}ak} fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }ogfy adamgcfdiadlhynwkm akm dwyygk} }yafkfkh fk eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv+ Fknymgy }n daz}wyg a zfd}wyg nb }ogfy aifef}v }n }yaktea}g }ognyv fk}nzyad}fdg% mn ak nitgyra}fnk fk }ogfy deattynnc wtfkh a }nne }oa} ftbndwtgm nk ef}gyadv }gadofkh+ Wtg ak fk}gyrfgx }n atl qwgt}fnktainw} }ogfy wkmgyt}akmfkh nb eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv }gadofkh akmegaykfkh+ ]ofkl ainw} }og atzgd}t nb ef}gyadv mgrgenzcgk} }oa}ayg zay}fdweayev fczny}ak} }n vnw akm atl qwgt}fnkt ainw} }ontg+Bny gaczeg vnw cfho} atl% ―Xoa} ayg }og cnt} fczny}ak} xavt}oa} vnw iwfem dofemygk‖t rndaiweayv akm xov ayg }ogtg gbbgd}frgt}ya}ghfgt>– Ny% ―Xoa} tonwem vnwkh dofemygk ig egaykfkh ainw}xyf}fkh> Xoa} ayg tncg nb }og xavt vnw ogez }ogc egayk }oft>–

Gacfkfkh bwkd}fnkae tlfeet+ Fb vnwy dakmfma}gt oarg xnylgm fktncg dazadf}v xf}o amwe}t% ygdnccgkma}fnkt bync dneegahwgtdak zynrfmg fczny}ak} fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }og tlfeet }ogv iyfkh+Gzeafk }og tlfeet vnw ayg ennlfkh bny akm atl bny xyf}}gkygdnccgkma}fnkt }n ammygtt }ogc+ Fk ammf}fnk% gkhahgdakmfma}gt fk ak fk}gyrfgx fk xofdo vnw zntg ovzn}og}fdaetf}wa}fnkt xf}o zyn}æhæt akm atl onx }ogv xnwem ygtznkm+―Xoa} fb vnwy zyn}æhæ ygtznkmt mgbgktfrgev xogk vnw twhhgt}

1 Fk}gyrfgx azzynadogt ayg amaz}gm bync Doaewbnwy% F+ /1664& Gbbgd}frg Ofyfkh Zyad}fdgt0 A Ennl a} Zgytnkaef}v% A}}f}wmgt% akm Tlfeet+ Kgx}nk% CA0 Gmwda}fnk Mgrgenzcgk} Dgk}gy% Fkd+

Fk tgegd}fkh adakmfma}g% vnw tonwem dnktfmgy }xn fttwgtnkev0 Dazaifef}v”xoa} }og dakmfma}g dakmn”akm zgytnkaef}v”xoa} }og dakmfma}g fteflg+ Nb }ogtg }xn% zgytnkaef}v ft iv bay }og cnt} fczny}ak}+Nrgy ?8 zgydgk} nb aee zgnzeg bafe kn} igdawtg nb dazaifef}v iw} igdawtg nb zgytnkaef}v+/T}aegv g} ae+ 16?2&+




kgx innl ygamfkh t}ya}ghfgt>– Ny% ―Xoa} xnwem vnw mn fb vnwy zyn}æhæ dakdget }xn cgg}fkht fk a ynx>– Atl }og Cgk}ny#Dnadodakmfma}gt }n gkhahg fk a yneg zeav nb a cgg}fkh xf}o a zyn}æhæ+

Zgytnkae mftzntf}fnkt+ Dneegahwg ygdnccgkma}fnkt dak aetn

ammygtt mftzntf}fnkt% gtzgdfaeev fb vnw ayg degay ainw} xoa} vnwayg ennlfkh bny+ Ygtznktgt }n tf}wa}fnkae qwgt}fnkt xfee hfrg vnwtncg nb }oft fkbnyca}fnk% aetn+ Xogk vnw atl azzefdak}t }ngzeafk xov }ogv xnwem wtg zay}fdweay azzynadogt% }ogfy ygtznktgt xfee ygrgae }og wkmgyevfkh a}}f}wmgt akm igefgbt }oa}fkbewgkdg }ogfy xnyl xf}o amwe}t+ Bwy}ogy qwgt}fnkfkh dak ammcnyg fkbnyca}fnk+ ]yv qwgt}fnkt eflg0 ―Mgtdyfig }og igt}cgk}ny.twzgyrftny vnw oarg grgy oam+– ―Mgtdyfig vnwy t}veg nb xnylfkh xf}o n}ogy amwe}t+– ―Xoa} qwaef}fgt mn vnw oarg }oa} xfeednk}yfiw}g }n twddgttbwe cgk}nyfkh>– ―Xoa} mn vnw onzg }n egaykbync }oft gzgyfgkdg>–

Ca}dofkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm Zyn}æhæt+ ]og dncza}fifef}vig}xggk a zyn}æhæt akm Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ft a lgv bad}ny fk }ogfy aifef}v }n bnyc akm twt}afk a }ywt}fkh zgytnkae ygea}fnktofz+ Fkfmgae dfydwct}akdgt% mgdftfnk calgyt oarg a kwcigy nb ofhoevqwaefbfgm Cgk}ny#Dnadogt }n donntg bync xogk dnktfmgyfkh aCgk}ny#Dnado#zyn}æhæ ca}do+ Fk cnt} Ogam T}ay} zynhyact%onxgrgy% }og znne nb zn}gk}fae Cgk}ny#Dnadogt cav ig efcf}gm+Fb vnw ayg ygtznktfieg bny efklfkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt }n zyn}æhæt%}ogyg ayg t}gzt }oa} vnw dak }alg }n zyncn}g a zntf}frg Cgk}ny#Dnado akm zyn}æhæ ca}do+ Fk }og doay} }oa} bneenxt% xg oargfmgk}fbfgm a kwcigy nb }vzfdae zyn}æhæ doayad}gyft}fdt }oa} dakfkbewgkdg ygea}fnktofzt xf}o Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ Vnw cav xak} }nygbgy }n }oft doay} at vnw dnktfmgy vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnado akmzyn}æhæ ca}dogt+




CA]DOFKH CGK]NY#DNADOGT AKM ZYN]ÆHÆT

Fb }og zyn}æhæ ft0 Fb znttfieg% donntg a Cgk}ny# Dnado xon0

Fk aee datgt% }og Cgk}ny#Dnadotonwem 0

A kgx }gadogy ny oncgrftf}ny

Dak mfygd} }gadogyt }nxaymazzynzyfa}g znefdfgt akmzyndgmwygt+

Igdncg zynbfdfgk} ainw} }ogznefdfgt akm zyndgmwygt fk nymgy }nmfygd} }og }gadogy% zay}fdweayevaynwkm eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv hnaet+

Ak gzgyfgkdgm }gadogy ny oncg rftf}ny

Oat oam g}gktfrg gzgyfgkdgfk deattynnct akm wkmgyt}akmtdeattynnc doaeegkhgt+

Aeenx zegk}v nb }fcg bny }gadogyt }ntoayg }ogfy gzgyfgkdgt akm }ogkiwfem nk }ogc }n ammygtt dwyygk}eakhwahg akm ef}gyadv hnaet+

A tgdnkm eakhwahgegaykgy

Tzgalt }og tgdnkm eakhwahg+ Wkmgyt}akm tgdnkm eakhwahgmgrgenzcgk}+ ]alg f} tenx akmaeenx zegk}v nb }fcg bny }og zyn}æhæ}n ygtznkm }n kgx fkbnyca}fnk fb

}ogyg ft a eakhwahg iayyfgy+Qwfg}.tov Oat a twzzny}frg% knk#

}oyga}gkfkh mgcgakny Attgtt nxk hgkgyae mgcgakny%mftdwtt xf}o dneegahwg am`wt}cgk}t}oa} cfho} ogez+ Rfmgn}azg tgeb }ngktwyg zynzgy mgcgakny+ Xogkdnkbgygkdfkh% aeenx }fcg }n xaycwz igbnyg t}ay}fkh+

Vnwkh.Ca}wyg Ft a tfcfeay ahg ny nemgy }oak }ogzyn}æhæ+

Ygdnhkfpg ahg mfbbgygkdgt akm }oa}}ogyg ft cwdo }n egayk bync gadon}ogy+

Nzgk }n kgx egaykfkh Oat }og aifef}v }n doaeegkhg }ogzyn}æhæ azzynzyfa}gev+

Atl cakv qwgt}fnkt }n egayk xogyg}og zyn}æhæ(t fk}gygt}t akmt}ygkh}ot ayg+ Xoa} oat }ogzyn}æhæ iggk twddgttbwe egaykfkh fk}og zat}>

Doaeegkhgm iv doakhg Wkmgyt}akmt }og doakhgzyndgtt+

Ogez }og zyn}æhæ igdncg cnygdncbny}aieg xf}o doakhg+ Atl }ogzyn}æhæ }n fcahfkg akm mgtdyfigxoa} tog xfee ig mnfkh fk 7 vgayt% ny n}ogy ae}gyka}frg cg}onmt }n hg} }ogzyn}æhæ }n }ofkl ―nw}tfmg nb }og in–

ainw} mfbbgygk} zyad}fdgt+Kn} bync }og zynhyac‖tmncfkak} dwe}wyg

Igenkht }n }og zyn}æhæ(tdwe}wyg+

Egayk ainw} }og dwe}wyg iv }aelfkhxf}o }og zyn}æhæ akm n}ogyt% akm}oynwho tgeb t}wmv+



Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg 1=

Taczeg @ni Mgtdyfz}fnk

]f}eg0 Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny Dnado /Cgk}ny#Dnado&

Onwyt0 =: onwyt zgy xggl% _ xgglt zgy vgay Ygzny} }n0 Gmwda}fnk Cakahgy

Ygtznktfifef}fgt

Hgkgyae0 Gado Cgk}ny#Dnado xfee ig ygtznktfieg bny twzzny}fkh akm gkhahfkh zynhyac t}abb% fkfkmfrfmwae akm tcaee hynwz bnyca}t% iwfemfkh }ogfy dazadf}v }n zyncn}g }og gayev eakhwahgakm ef}gyadv mgrgenzcgk} nb dofemygk fk }ogfy deattynnct ny oncgt% fkdewmfkh xf}ofk }ogdnk}g} nb }og Ogam T}ay} Dofem Nw}dncgt Byacgxnyl+ Cgk}ny#Dnadogt xfee ig ak

fk}ghyae zay} nb }oft zynhyac‖t ef}gyadv fkf}fa}frg% dnnymfka}fkh xnyl xf}o }og n}ogy atzgd}tnb }oft fkf}fa}frg fkdewmfkh0 }og fk#tgyrfdg }yafkfkh zynhyac% }og efiyayv akm }gdoknenhvmgrgenzcgk} zyn`gd}% }og bacfev ef}gyadv zynhyac% akm zynhyac cnkf}nyfkh akmgraewa}fnk+

Tzgdfbfd ad}frf}fgt0

1+ Ygdnhkfpg gft}fkh t}ygkh}ot nb zyn}æhæt akm iwfem zntf}frg% ygbegd}frg cgk}ny#dnadofkh ygea}fnktofzt+

9+ Zeak akm dnkmwd} fkmfrfmwae ygbegd}frg dnkbgygkdgt xf}o gado zyn}æhæ }xfdg a cnk}o+ Ad}frf}fgt cwt} bndwt nk }og zyn}æhæ‖t hnaet akm tonwem fkdewmg0 nitgyra}fnk akmdnkbgygkdfkh% cnmgefkh akm dn#}gadofkh% hwfmgm efrg ny rfmgn}azgm nitgyra}fnk nb n}ogy deattynnct% toayfkh ygtnwydgt% akm `nwykaefkh+

4+ Iyfkh zyn}æhæt }nhg}ogy bny fk#zgytnk ny nk#efkg hwfmgm mftdwttfnk nkdg gado cnk}o+Wtg ygamfkht% rfmgn }azgt% ny dwyyfdwewc zeakkfkh }atlt }n bndwt mftdwttfnk fk xofdozyn}æhæt toayg }ogfy gzgyfgkdgt akm }ofklfkh xf}o gado n}ogy+

=+ Zay}fdfza}g fk cnk}oev Cgk}ny#Dnado cgg}fkht akm }yafkfkht+ Dncg }n cgg}fkhtzygzaygm }n toayg zyncftfkh zyad}fdgt akm dwyygk} doaeegkhgt+

7+ Zynrfmg cnk}oev mndwcgk}a}fnk nb xnyl xf}o zyn}æhæt akm twicf} }n Gmwda}fnkCakahgy nkg xggl zyfny }n gado Cgk}ny#Dnado cgg}fkh+

2+ Dnk}yfiw}g }n gbbny}t ny n}ogy atzgd}t nb ef}gyadv fkf}fa}frg at ygqwgt}gm+ ]oft xfeefkdewmg ogezfkh }n zeak ak fk#tgyrfdg }yafkfkh zynhyac at f} ygea}gt }n gayev ef}gyadv%twhhgt}fkh ygtnwydgt bny }og efiyayv akm }gdoknenhv mgrgenzcgk} zyn`gd}% akmtwzzny}fkh zyn}æhæt‖ xnyl xf}o bacfefgt aynwkm ef}gyadv+ Dnkmwd} bnycae graewa}fnktnb deattynnc zyad}fdg at a zay} nb }og zynhyac‖t akkwae tgeb#attgttcgk}+




Iadlhynwkm akm Qwaefbfda}fnkt0

Cfkfcwc nb IA mghygg fk Gayev Dofemonnm ny ygea}gm bfgem xf}o mndwcgk}gm ygdgk}}yafkfkh fk gayev ef}gyadv+

Lknxegmhg nb akm gzgyfgkdg fk0• Ogam T}ay} Zynhyac Zgybnycakdg T}akmaymt akm Dofem Nw}dncgt Byacgxnyl• Xnylfkh xf}o amwe} egaykgyt• Gayev ef}gyadv mgrgenzcgk}% dofem attgttcgk}% akm }gadofkh• Xnylfkh xf}o mfrgytg egaykgyt+




=+ Nyfgk}fkh akm ]yafkfkh Cgk}ny#Dnadogt

A daygbweev zeakkgm nkhnfkh zyndgtt nb nyfgk}fkh% }yafkfkh%akm twzzny}fkh vnwy cgk}nyt xfee ig gttgk}fae }n }og twddgttnb vnwy zynhyac+ Zw}}fkh }og ZYN fk Zyn}æhæ mgrn}gt axoneg doaz}gy }n }oft twi`gd}+ Wtg }oft raewaieg ygtnwydg atvnw }ofkl }oynwho }og dnk}gk} nb vnwy }yafkfkh akm }og xavtvnw xfee zynrfmg nkhnfkh twzzny} }n vnwy cgk}nyt+

T}gzt }n Twddgtt0 Ak Fkt}ywd}fnkae Mgtfhk bny Gayev Ef}gyadv Cgk}ny#Dnadogt fk Ogam T}ay} akm Gayev Ogam T}ay} ftakn}ogy raewaieg ygtnwydg bny vnw }n wtg+ ]oft bnwy#wkf}zynhyac fkdewmgt }yafkfkh fk tlfeet gttgk}fae }n Cgk}ny#Dnadogt at xgee at ygrfgxt nb lgv dnkdgz}t fk gayev ef}gyadv}gadofkh akm egaykfkh+ In}o Zw}}fkh }og ZYN fk Zyn}æhæ akmT}gzt }n Twddgtt fkdewmg ygbgygkdgt }n n}ogy ygtnwydgt }oa}vnw xfee bfkm ogezbwe+

Xoa}grgy ygtnwydgt vnw ayg wtfkh% vnw xfee kggm }n amaz}}ogc }n }og tzgdfbfd kggmt akm wkfqwg doayad}gyft}fdt nb vnwy zynhyac+ At vnw mgrgenz vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnado }yafkfkhzynhyac% ig twyg }n }alg }og bneenxfkh t}gzt0

Calg }og Hnaet akm Gzgd}a}fnkt nb Vnwy Cgk}nyfkh Zynhyac Gzefdf} + Ak fczny}ak} atzgd} nb vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnado nyfgk}a}fnk xfee ig dyga}fkh a dnccnk rftfnk nb xoa}

vnw xak} }n addnczefto akm gado zgytnk‖t ygtznktfifef}fgt fkygea}fnk }n adofgrfkh }ogtg hnaet+ Cakv zynhyact wtg tfhkgmahyggcgk}t ig}xggk Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm }ogfy zyn}æhæt }ngktwyg }oa} ygtznktfifef}fgt ayg wkmgyt}nnm+ Tgg a taczegahyggcgk} nk zahg 1?+

Gczoatfpg }og Dnk}gk} Bndwt nb }oft Xnyl + Akwkmgyt}akmfkh nb }og }gadofkh zyad}fdgt }oa} gbbgd}frgevzyncn}g dofemygk‖t ef}gyadv mgrgenzcgk} ft gttgk}fae }n }ogtwddgtt nb vnwy zynhyac+ Ig twyg }oa} vnwy }yafkfkh zynrfmgta rftfnk nb }og gayev ef}gyadv }gadofkh }oa} ygbegd}t vnwy

zynhyac‖t hnaet+

Zynrfmg ]fcg ]n Iwfem Bwkd}fnkae Tlfeet+ Xofeg vnwy cgk}nyt cav oarg gzgyfgkdg twzgyrftfkh% }gadofkh% ny cgk}nyfkh amwe}t% }ogv cav kgrgy oarg oam }yafkfkh fk }ogtlfeet ygqwfygm }n mn }oft gbbgd}frgev+ Zyad}fdgt }oa} gkdnwyahg}gadogy ygbegd}fnk ayg kn} gatv }n amnz} xf}onw} tncg}yafkfkh akm zyad}fdg+ Ig twyg }n fkdewmg yneg zeavt% akaevtft




nb rfmgn dnkbgygkdgt% akm ygbegd}fnk nk }ogfy nxk xnyl at}ogv ighfk }n cgk}ny+ ]ogtg zyad}fdae akm akaev}fdaegzgyfgkdgt xfee ogez vnwy cgk}nyt mgrgenz }ogtg tlfeet+

Ammygtt }og Kggmt nb }og Cgk}nyt Vnw Oarg Ofygm + F} ft

wkeflgev }oa} vnw xfee ig aieg }n bfkm cgk}nyt xf}o aee nb }oglknxegmhg akm tlfeet vnw ayg tgglfkh+ T}gzt }n Twddgtt oattgeb#attgttcgk}t fk gado nb }og bnwy wkf}t }oa} ammygtt }ogef}gyadv dnk}gk} nb }oa} wkf} akm ayg lgvgm }n twhhgt}gmygtnwydgt+ Gado wkf} aetn hwfmgt Cgk}ny#Dnadogt }oynwho aygbegd}fnk nb }ogfy cgk}ny#dnadofkh tlfeet+ Cgk}ny#Dnadogtdnczeg}g }og zyndgtt iv dnczeg}fkh ny ygrftfkh }ogfy nxkZynbgttfnkae Mgrgenzcgk} Zeak+

Cgk}ny vnwy Cgk}nyt+ Hg}}fkh vnwy zynhyac nbb }n a hnnmt}ay} ft hnfkh }n ig lgv }n vnwy twddgtt+ Zw} zyndgmwygt fk

zeadg }oa} xfee gktwyg dentg dnccwkfda}fnk xf}o akmcnkf}nyfkh nb cgk}nyt‖ xnyl+ Xnyl xf}o }ogc }n mgrgenzhnaet bny }ogfy hynx}o iatgm nk }ogfy ZynbgttfnkaeMgrgenzcgk} Zeak+ Zynrfmg ygtnwydgt akm nkhnfkh twzzny}fk }og tacg xav }oa} vnw ayg gzgd}fkh }ogc }n xnyl xf}o}ogfy zyn}æhæt+ Ennl bny dewgt }oa} }ogv ayg oarfkh zyniegct+

Ayg }ogfy zyn}æhæt dnnzgya}fkh xf}o }ogc> Ayg }ogv wtfkh arayfg}v nb azzynadogt }n twzzny} }og zyn}æhæ‖t hynx}o> Ayg}ogfy ygzny}t nk }fcg akm zynrfmfkh vnw a zfd}wyg nb dnk}gk}#yfdo xnyl xf}o }ogfy zyn}æhæt> Ammygtt fttwgt igbnyg }ogvigdncg oaif}t+

Gt}aiefto a Cgk}ny Efiyayv+ ]ogyg ayg cakv zyfk}% rfmgn%akm gegd}ynkfd ygtnwydgt }oa} Cgk}ny#Dnadogt dak wtg bny nkhnfkh twzzny}+ Xnyl xf}o vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnadogt }n ha}ogy ygtnwydgt }oa} }ogv dak wtg }n twzzny} }ogfy nxkmgrgenzcgk} akm }oa} nb }ogfy zyn}æhæt+ Ennl bny eft}t nb ygegrak} cgk}nyfkh akm ef}gyadv ygtnwydgt a} }og gkm nb }oftmndwcgk} akm gado T}gzt }n Twddgtt wkf}+ Gado fttwg nb T]GZ#Kn}gt% }og T}gzt }n Twddgtt gegd}ynkfd kgxteg}}gy znt}gm nk Ogam T}ay}‖t T]GZ#Kg} /xxx+t}gz#kg}+nyh&% aetndnk}afkt a eft} nb ygegrak} ygtnwydgt+



Mgdftfnk Calgy Hwfmg 1?

TACZEG0 Cgk}ny Dnado akm Zyn}æhæ Ahyggcgk}

]oft ahyggcgk} mgtdyfigt0

1& ]og ygea}fnktofz nb }og Cgk}ny#Dnado akm }og zyn}æhæ+9& ]og ygtznktfifef}fgt }oa} gado toayg fk }oft zay}kgytofz+

]og Cgk}ny#Dnado ahyggt }n0

1+ Mgrgenz ak fkmfrfmwaefpgm cgk}nyfkh zeak xf}o }og zyn}æhæ }oa} fkdewmgt gayevef}gyadv#ygea}gm hnaet ygea}gm }n fczynrgm dofem nw}dncgt% t}gzt bny adofgrfkhhnaet% akm }og Cgk}ny#Dnado‖t akm zyn}æhæ‖t ygtznktfifef}fgt ygea}gm }n gadot}gz+

9+ Gkhahg zyn}æhæ fk nkhnfkh graewa}fnk nb zynhygtt }nxaym hnaet+4+ Tdogmweg% zeak% akm badfef}a}g }xn nktf}g rftf}t xf}o zyn}æhæ /}oygg#onwy

cfkfcwc& zgy cnk}o+ Fkdnyznya}g nitgyra}fnk akm dnkbgygkdfkh fk}n rftf}tyghweayev+ Cnmge gayev ef}gyadv }gadofkh zyad}fdgt akm dn#}gado xf}o zyn}æhæaddnymfkh }n }og cgk}nyfkh zeak+

=+ Zynrfmg n}ogy bnyct nb twzzny} fk ygea}fnk }n zyn}æhæ hnaet /g+h+% toayfkhygtnwydgt% dneeainya}frg zeakkfkh% akm `nwykaefkh&+

7+ Ygdnhkfpg }og raewg nb }og zyn}æhæ‖t }fcg iv lggzfkh azznfk}cgk}t akmonknyfkh t}ay} akm gkmfkh }fcgt bny cgg}fkht+

2+ Lggz xnyl xf}o }og fkmfrfmwae zyn}æhæ dnkbfmgk}fae% toayfkh nkev }og hgkgyaefkbnyca}fnk ygqwfygm fk a ygzny}fkh tvt}gc+ Ni}afk zyn}æhæ‖t gzefdf}zgycfttfnk }n toayg fkbnyca}fnk xf}o n}ogyt+

]og Zyn}æhæ ahyggt }n0

1+ Ad}frgev gkhahg fk hnae tg}}fkh akm zeakkfkh xf}o }og Cgk}ny#Dnado+

9+ Ayyakhg arafeaifef}v bny }xn cnk}oev nktf}g rftf}t xf}o }og Cgk}ny#Dnado+

4+ Bwebfee ygtznktfifef}fgt ahyggm }n fk }og zeakkfkh zyndgtt fk a }fcgev xav+

=+ Dnk}yfiw}g }n nkhnfkh attgttcgk} nb zynhygtt }nxaym hnaet+




F oarg ygam }og Cgk}ny#Dnado akm Zyn}æhæ Ahyggcgk}+

F oarg oam ak nzzny}wkf}v }n atl qwgt}fnkt ainw} }og ygtznktfifef}fgt }oa} aygmgtdyfigm fk }og ahyggcgk}+

F wkmgyt}akm cv ygtznktfifef}fgt at a Cgk}ny#Dnado ny zyn}æhæ+

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Tfhka}wyg”Cgk}ny#Dnado Ma}g

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Tfhka}wyg”Zyn}æhæ Ma}g




Vnw dak ogez t}abb }n karfha}g }oynwho }ogtg mfbbfdwe}tf}wa}fnkt fk a kwcigy nb xavt+ Bfyt}% gktwyg }oa} Cgk}ny#Dnadogt% zyn}æhæt% akm zynhyac cakahgyt toayg adnccnk rftfnk nb }og Cgk}ny#Dnado‖t yneg+ Gkdnwyahg }ogCgk}ny#Dnado akm }og twzgyrftny }n rfgx }ogctgergt at

}xn oaergt nb }og zyn}æhæ‖t twzzny} }gac akm ogez }ogchwaym ahafkt} baeefkh fk}n }og ―hnnm dnz% iam dnz– cnmge nb twzgyrftfkh akm cgk}nyfkh+ Degayev mgbfkg doafkt nb dnccwkfda}fnk akm dnkbfmgk}faef}v xf}ofk }og Cgk}ny#Dnadoakm zyn}æhæ ygea}fnktofz akm bnycaefpg }ogtg mgbfkf}fnktxf}ofk vnwy dnccwkfda}fnk zeak% akm Cgk}ny#Dnado akmzyn}æhæ ahyggcgk}t+ Bfkaeev% zynrfmg }yafkfkh }n Cgk}ny#Dnadogt% zyn}æhæt% akm cakahgyt }n gktwyg }oa} }ogvwkmgyt}akm }og mgbfkf}fnkt akm zyn}ndnet+

Ygdnym#Lggzfkh akm Ygzny}fkh + Cgk}ny#Dnadogt% eflg aee

n}ogy t}abb fk vnwy zynhyac% kggm }n addnwk} bny }ogfy xnyl+Iv dyga}fkh gatv#}n#wtg Cgk}ny#Dnado ygdnym#lggzfkh akmygzny}fkh tvt}gct% vnw dak0• Ogez Cgk}ny#Dnadogt zeak bny akm }yadl onx }ogv

addnczefto }og mw}fgt mgtdyfigm fk }og `ni mgtdyfz}fnk+• Zynrfmg twzgyrftnyt xf}o fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }og Cgk}ny#

Dnadogt‖ zgybnycakdg+• Hgkgya}g ma}a }oa} vnw akm n}ogy mgdftfnk calgyt dak

wtg bny zeakkfkh+

Zynhyact wtg a rayfg}v nb xavt }n ogez Cgk}ny#Dnadogt

}yadl }ogfy xnyl+ Tncg Cgk}ny#Dnadogt wtg a ywkkfkhkayya}frg }n ygdnym }ogfy nkhnfkh fk}gyad}fnkt xf}o }ogfy zyn}æhæt+ N}ogyt wtg a t}akmaymfpgm ygzny}fkh bnyc+ /Tgga taczeg ygdnymfkh bnyc a} }og gkm nb }oft tgd}fnk+& Fktncg zynhyact% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt calg a dnzv nb }ogbnyct”nkg bny }ogfy nxk bfeg akm }og tgdnkm bny }ogzyn}æhæ‖t zgytnkae ygdnymt+ ]og fczny}ak} }ofkh ft }oa} aeeCgk}ny#Dnadogt xf}ofk }og zynhyac wtg }og tacg tvt}gc+

Vnw cav xfto }n gkhahg }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt fk mgdfmfkh}og azzynado }oa} xnylt igt} bny vnwy zynhyac+ ]oft

fkrnergcgk} nb}gk dyga}gt iwv#fk akm iwfemt Cgk}ny#Dnadogt‖ wkmgyt}akmfkh nb }og vnwy gzgd}a}fnkt+

Fk cakv zynhyact% Cgk}ny#Dnadogt twicf} a yghweay% nb}gkcnk}oev% ygzny} }n }og cgk}ny#dnadofkh cakahgy+ ]ogtgygzny}t wtwaeev dnk}afk ma}a ainw} }og kwcigy akm }vzgt nb cgg}fkht }oa} }og Cgk}ny#Dnado oat oam xf}o aee zyn}æhæt%at xgee at }og bndwt nb }og twzzny} zynrfmgm+ /Tgg }og




taczeg cnk}oev ygzny}fkh bnyc zynrfmgm+ Vnw cav xfto }nmgtfhk vnwy ygzny}fkh tvt}gc fk ak Gdge ny n}ogy ma}aiatgbnyca} bny gatv }aiwea}fnk+&

Xofeg }og zyndgtt xfee rayv bync nyhakfpa}fnk }n

nyhakfpa}fnk% }og bfkae t}gz fk }og ygdnym#lggzfkh akmygzny}fkh tvt}gc ft }n zynrfmg a ygzny} }n }og zynhyacmfygd}ny% hnrgykfkh inmv akm Znefdv Dnwkdfe+

Nkhnfkh Cnkf}nyfkh+ Dneegd}fkh ma}a akm dogdlfkh nk f}taddwyadv }oynwho yghweay tzn}#dogdlt ayg fczny}ak} bfyt}t}gzt fk cnkf}nyfkh a cgk}ny#dnadofkh zynhyac+ Ivyghweayev ygrfgxfkh akm akaevpfkh }ogtg ma}a% vnw akmn}ogy cakahgyt dak calg twyg }oa} }og gbbny} ftzynhygttfkh at zeakkgm+ Vnw dak aetn mftdnrgy cgk}nyfkhakm n}ogy zynhyac fttwgt }oa} vnw dak ammygtt akm dnyygd}

fccgmfa}gev+Dnktfmgy }og bneenxfkh gaczegt0

• Xogk tog ygrfgxgm Bgiywayv‖t cnk}oev Cgk}ny#Dnado ygzny}t% }og cgk}ny#dnadofkh cakahgy kn}gt}oa} nkev nkg nb tgrgk Cgk}ny#Dnadogt dnczeg}gmnitgyra}fnk akm ygbegd}fnk dnkbgygkdgt xf}o aee nb }ogfy zyn}æhæt+ Tog ygdaeet }oa} }og bfhwygt xgyg tfcfeay fk@akwayv+ Tog xnkmgyt fb }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt‖xnylenamt ayg }nn ogarv ny fb }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt ayg

tfczev t}ywhhefkh xf}o dnkbgygkdfkh igdawtg f} ft akgx tlfee bny }ogc+ Tog mgdfmgt }n mftdwttdnkbgygkdfkh xf}o gado Cgk}ny#Dnado mwyfkh }ogfy yghweay twzgyrftfnk cgg}fkht+ Tog xfee ogez gadoCgk}ny#Dnado mgrgenz a zeak }n cgg} }og zynhyac‖tdnkbgygkdfkh gzgd}a}fnkt+

• ]og _VP Ogam T}ay} gmwda}fnk cakahgy yghweayevygrfgxt ygzny}t bync oft zynhyac‖t }xn Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+ Bync }og ygzny}t% og egaykt }oa} nrgy oaeb nb }og zyn}æhæt ayg xnylfkh nk hnaet ygea}gm }n

zonknenhfdae axaygkgtt+ Ae}onwho }og zynhyac oatnbbgygm }yafkfkh nk }oft }nzfd fk }og zat}% og xnkmgytxog}ogy f} cfho} ig }fcg }n zynrfmg ammf}fnkae }yafkfkhnk }og }nzfd+ Og zeakt }n yaftg }og fttwg a} oft kg}Cgk}ny#Dnado t}abb cgg}fkh+

Fk gado nb }ogtg tf}wa}fnkt% }og cnk}oev ygzny} zynrfmgtfczny}ak}% vg} fkdnczeg}g fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }og cgk}ny#




}gac xfee kggm }n dyab} a dncifka}fnk nb ma}a dneegd}fnkt}ya}ghfgt }n bfkm nw} fb }og gbbny} oat iggk twddgttbwe+

Attgttcgk} }gact cav xak} }n0• Ygrfgx cnk}oev ygzny}t bync Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm

}og cgk}ny#dnadofkh cakahgy+• Fk}gyrfgx zyn}æhæt fkmfrfmwaeev ny fk hynwzt }n bfkm nw}

xoa} }ogv }ofkl ainw} }og tvt}gc akm onx f} dnwem igfczynrgm+

• Fk}gyrfgx Cgk}ny#Dnadogt fkmfrfmwaeev ny fk hynwzt+• Ygrfgx ygtwe}t nb zyn}æhæ ny deattynnc nitgyra}fnk

fkt}ywcgk}t dnkmwd}gm in}o igbnyg akm ab}gy }ogcgk}nyfkh gbbny} }n ennl bny doakhgt fk }gadogy zyad}fdg+

• Ygrfgx dofem attgttcgk} ma}a }n ennl bny doakhgt}oa} dnwem ig efklgm }n }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt‖ xnyl+

Xogk ygrfgxfkh }og tgeb#attgttcgk} ma}a% ennl bny }ygkmtny za}}gykt }oa} gcgyhg /g+h+% zyn}æhæt xon ygdgfrgmyghweay nitgyra}fnk akm dnkbgygkdfkh twzzny} xgyg cnygeflgev }n bfkm cgk}nyfkh wtgbwe&+ Aetn% ennl bny ygtwe}t }oa}t}akm nw} bync n}ogyt /g+h+% a dgk}gy }oa} oat mnkgzay}fdweayev xgee ny oat wkfqwg fttwgt&+ In}o }vzgt nb ygtwe}t ayg fczny}ak} bny nkhnfkh zeakkfkh+

Zeakkfkh + Nkhnfkh cnkf}nyfkh akm tgeb#attgttcgk} dakzynrfmg vnw xf}o eayhg acnwk}t nb ma}a+ Xg oarg aeygamv

mftdwttgm onx vnw dak calg cfm#dnwytg dnyygd}fnkt fkvnwy cgk}nyfkh akm n}ogy zynhyac gbbny}t iv yghweayevennlfkh a} fkbnyca}fnk at f} ft dneegd}gm+ Vnw akm n}ogy mgdftfnk calgyt dak aetn calg hnnm enkhgy#}gycmgdftfnkt iv ygrfgxfkh }og ma}a mwyfkh vnwy akkwae hnaetg}}fkh zyndgtt+

A} }oa} }fcg% attgtt }og cgk}nyfkh gbbny} f}tgeb+ Vnw dakighfk }og zeakkfkh zyndgtt iv zntfkh qwgt}fnkt twdo at0 Ft}og zynhyac gbbgd}frg> Fb kn}% dak f} ig fczynrgm> Ft f}xny}o }og fkrgt}cgk}> Onx cwdo }fcg akm cnkgv xfee f}

dnt} }n dnk}fkwg at ft> Onx cwdo }fcg akm cnkgv xfee f}dnt} }n fczynrg }og zynhyac> Fb }og ma}a }gee vnw }oa} vnwtonwem dnk}fkwg }og gbbny}% vnw akm n}ogy zynhyac mgdftfnkcalgyt dak }ogk tg} kgx hnaet% ni`gd}frgt% akm ad}fnkt}gzt }oa} cav fkdewmg doakhgt ny am`wt}cgk}t fk t}abbfkh%bwkmfkh% ny ad}frf}fgt nb }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt+




Aetn% }ofkl ainw} xoa} }og cgk}ny#dnadofkh ma}a }gee vnwainw} n}ogy zay}t nb vnwy zynhyac+ Bny gaczeg%fkbnyca}fnk bync Cgk}ny#Dnado ygzny}t cav znfk} }n}yafkfkh kggmt nb }gadofkh t}abb+ Bndwt hynwz mftdwttfnktxf}o cgk}ny#dnadofkh t}abb cav zynrfmg fkbnyca}fnk ainw}

kggmt nb bacfefgt /g+h+% bacfev ef}gyadv tgyrfdgt& }oa} bacfevtgyrfdgt ny zaygk} fkrnergcgk} t}abb dak ammygtt+

Zw}}fkh f} Aee ]nhg}ogy+ Igdawtg nb f}t dnczygogktfrgka}wyg% cgk}ny#dnadofkh ft a t}abb mgrgenzcgk} azzynado}oa} fk}gytgd}t cakv tvt}gct akm tgyrfdgt xf}ofk a OgamT}ay} zynhyac+ Zynhyac egamgyt xon cakahg twddgttbwecgk}ny#dnadofkh fkf}fa}frgt daygbweev bneenx cakv nb }ogt}gzt bny mgdftfnk calgyt nw}efkgm fk }oft hwfmg+ Xg oargfkdewmgm }og hwfmg nk }og bneenxfkh zahg at a zeakkfkhygtnwydg+




Mgrgenzfkh Vnwy Cgk}ny#Dnadofkh Tvt}gc — A Zeakkfkh ]nne

]og dogdleft} igenx twccayfpgt fczny}ak} igkdocaylt fk zeakkfkh akm fczegcgk}fkh vnwy cgk}ny#dnadofkh tvt}gc+ ]og f}gct ayg nyhakfpgm fk}n }og bfrg tgd}fnkt nb }og Mgdftfnk Calgy

Hwfmg+ Vnw dak wtg }oft }nne }n lggz vnw nk }yadl akm mndwcgk} vnwy zynhygtt+

1& TGEGD]FKH A CNMGE BNY GAYEV EF]GYADV CGK]NY#DNADOFKH

Attgciegm a mgdftfnk#calfkh }gac Gacfkgm zynhyac zofentnzov yghaymfkh cgk}nyfkh akm twzgyrftfnk Gacfkgm znefdv yghaymfkh yneg nb Cgk}ny#Dnado nk fk}gykae zynhyac dayggy

mgrgenzcgk} tvt}gc Dnktfmgygm bfkakdfae ygtnwydgt akm nyhakfpa}fnkae dazadf}v Tgegd}gm a cnmge0

T}ygkh}ot nb }og cnmgeZn}gk}fae doaeegkhgt

9& BFKMFKH BFKAKDFAE YGTNWYDGT

Gzenygm ygaeenda}fnk nb bwkmt fk dwyygk} Ogam T}ay} iwmhg}n Zynzntgm a iwmhg} akm tgyrfdgt ygrftfnk }n }og ADB Yghfnkae Nbbfdg Tzgdfaeft}n Ygdgfrgm ADB azzynrae

Fmgk}fbfgm kggm }n tgdwyg ammf}fnkae bwkmfkhn Mgrgenzgm a zeak bny fmgk}fbvfkh akm dnk}ad}fkh zn}gk}fae bwkmfkh tnwydgt+

4& TGEGD]FKH AKM CA]DOFKH CGK]NY#DNADOGT

Mgrgenzgm a `ni mgtdyfz}fnk

Tgegd}gm a Cgk}ny#Dnado azzefda}fnk zyndgtt Mgtfhkgm fk}gyrfgx t}ya}ghfgt Mgrgenzgm akm amnz}gm dyf}gyfa bny Cgk}ny#Dnado akm zyn}æhæ ca}dofkh+

=& NYFGK]FKH AKM ]YAFKFKH CGK]NY#DNADOGT

Mgrgenzgm ak nyfgk}a}fnk zeak tzgdfbfdaeev bny Cgk}ny#Dnadogt Fkmfrfmwaefpgm }og zeak bny gado Cgk}ny#Dnado }n cgg} }ogfy zay}fdweay kggmt Gt}aieftogm tvt}gc nb twzgyrftfnk akm nkhnfkh twzzny} bny Cgk}ny#Dnadogt Mgtfhkgm akm amnz}gm a Cgk}ny#Dnado akm zyn}æhæ ahyggcgk}+

7& EFKLFKH CGK]NY#DNADOFKH ]N ZYNHYAC CAKAHGCGK] TVT]GCT

Dnccwkfda}fnk Gt}aieftogm zyn}ndnet bny dnccwkfda}fnk ig}xggk Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm twzgyrftnyt

akm ig}xggk Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akm n}ogy zynhyac t}abb Mgbfkgm dnkbfmgk}faef}v xf}ofk }og Cgk}ny#Dnado akm zyn}æhæ ygea}fnktofz Zynrfmgm }yafkfkh }n t}abb nk }og dnccwkfda}fnk zyn}ndnet Fkdnyznya}gm }og zyn}ndnet fk}n }og xyf}}gk zynhyac zeakt+




Ygdnym#Lggzfkh akm Ygzny}fkh

Mgtfhkgm bnyct }n mndwcgk} }og nkhnfkh fk}gyad}fnkt ig}xggk Cgk}ny#Dnadogt akmzyn}æhæt

Mgtfhkgm a bnyc bny }yadlfkh }og xnyl nb }og Cgk}ny#Dnadogt Mgbfkgm }og yneg nb }og Cgk}ny#Dnado akm n}ogy t}abb cgcigyt fk }og ygdnym#lggzfkh

zyndgtt Mgrgenzgm zyn}ndnet akm }fcgefkgt bny dnczeg}fnk akm twicfttfnk nb xyf}}gk

mndwcgk}t+

Nkhnfkh Cnkf}nyfkh

Fkdnyznya}gm }og ygrfgx akm akaevtft nb fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }og Cgk}ny#Dnadozynhyac fk}n }og tvt}gc bny nkhnfkh cnkf}nyfkh+

Tgeb#Attgttcgk}

Mg}gycfkgm }og }vzg nb fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }og cgk}ny#dnadofkh zynhyac }n ig

dneegd}gm fk }og akkwae tgeb#attgttcgk} Mgrgenzgm zyndgmwygt akm ygtznktfifef}fgt bny dneegd}fkh }ogtg ma}a+

Zeakkfkh

Fkdnyznya}gm }og ygrfgx akm akaevtft nb fkbnyca}fnk ainw} }og Cgk}ny#Dnadozynhyac fk}n }og zynhyac zeakkfkh tvt}gc

Mgrgenzgm a zyndgtt bny wtfkh }og ma}a }n fkbnyc dnk}fkwnwt qwaef}v fczynrgcgk}+



Mgdftfnk Calgy H

Rftf} Twccayv /Dnk}fkwgm&

Hnaet Mgrgenzgm Kgx} T}gzt.T}ya}ghfgt YgtnwydgtKggmgm

Dofem Nw}dncgtAmmygttgm

]



Mgdftfnk Calgy H

TACZEG0 Cgk}ny#Dnado Cnk}oev Ygzny}fkh Bnyc

MA]G^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ CGK]NY#DNADO KACG^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

KWCIGY NB ZYN]ÆHÆFK]GYAD]FNKTDNCZEG]GM ]OFTCNK]OFkf}fae Cgg}fkht

Zyn}æhæ 1 Zyn}æhæ 9 Zyn}æhæ 4 Zyn}æhæ = Zyn}æhæ 7 Zyn}

Ygtnwydg Toayfkh.Mftdwttfnk

Zyg#Nitgyra}fnk Dnkbgygkdg

Nitgyra}fnk

Znt}#Nitgyra}fnk Dnkbgygkdg

Tcaee Hynwz Cgg}fkhN}ogy /zegatg mgtdyfig&

ZYFCAYV GAYEV EAKHWAHG AKM EF]GYADV BNDWT NB FK]GYAD]FNKT

Eft}gkfkh akm Wkmgyt}akmfkh

Tzgalfkh akm Dnccwkfda}fnk

Zonknenhfdae Axaygkgtt

Innl Lknxegmhg akm

Azzygdfa}fnk

Zyfk} Axaygkgtt akmDnkdgz}t

Gayev Xyf}fkh

Aezoaig} LknxegmhgTndfae—Gcn}fnkae

Mgrgenzcgk}



Mgdftfnk Calgy H

Fkmfrfmwaefpfkh bny Dofemygk

xf}o Mftaifef}fgt

Wtfkh Attgttcgk} Ma}a }n

Twzzny} Dofemygk

N}ogy N}ogy

N}ogy

Twhhgt}gm ]yafkfkh ]nzfdt bny ]gadogyt

N}ogy Ygdnccgkma}fnkt




Ygbgygkdgt

Amact% Cayfevk @ahgy% I+ Y+ Bnnycak% F+ Ewkmigyh% ]+ Iggegy+ /166?&+ Zonkgcfd axaygkgttfk vnwkh dofemygk+ Iae}fcnyg0 Zawe O+ Iynnlgt Zwieftofkh+

Iayygya% F+ /9:::&+ Onknyfkh mfbbgygkdgt0 Gttgk}fae bga}wygt nb azzynzyfa}g GDTG tgyrfdgtbny vnwkh dofemygk bync mfrgytg tndfn#dwe}wyae gkrfynkcgk}t+ Vnwkh Gdgz}fnkae Dofemygk 4/=&% 18#9=+ Fk MGD Ygdnccgkmgm Zyad}fdgt+

Igegklv% C+% Defkdov% I+% Hnemigyhgy% K+Y+% akm ]ayweg% @+C+ /16?2&+ Xncgk‖t xavt nb lknxfkh0 ]og mgrgenzcgk} nb tgeb% rnfdg akm cfkm + /1:}o akkfrgytayv gm+&+ KgxVnyl% KV0 Iatfd Innlt+

Igeec% M+% Xof}ginnl% C+ akm Oka}fwl% Z+ /1668&+ ]og gayev dofemonnm cgk}nyfkh dwyyfdwewc0 A oakminnl bny cgk}nyt+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Dgk}gy bny }og Dofem DaygXnyl Bnydg+

Iyfdlgy% M+ akm Dyfzg% @+ /1664&+ Ak ad}frf}v#iatgm azzynado }n gayev fk}gyrgk}fnk+ Iae}fcnygZawe O+ Iynnlgt Zwieftofkh Dnczakv+

Daemxgee% E+ akm Bvbg% I+ /1668&+ Dnkrgyta}fnkt xf}o dofemygk+ Fk Ogkmyfdl /Gm+&% Bfyt} t}gzt}nxaym }gadofkh }og Yghhfn xav+ Wzzgy Tammeg Yfrgy% K@0 Zygk}fdg Oaee+

Day}gy% C+ /9::4% Cav#@wkg&+ Twzgyrftfkh ny dnadofkh0 Xoa}(t }og mfbbgygkdg> DofemDayg Fkbnyca}fnk Gdoakhg+

Day}gy% C+ akm Dwy}ft% M+ /166=&+]yafkfkh }gadogyt0 A oayrgt} nb }ognyv akm zyad}fdg+ T}+Zawe% CK0 Ygmegab Zygtt+

Daywtn% @+ akm Baxdg}}% ]+ /1666&+ Twzgyrftfnk fk gayev dofemonnm gmwda}fnk0 amgrgenzcgk}ae zgytzgd}frg+ Kgx Vnyl0 T}abb Dneeghg Zygtt+ zz+1:4#1:=+

Doaewbnwy% F+ /1664&+ Gbbgd}frg ofyfkh zyad}fdgt0 A ennl a} zgytnkaef}v% a}}f}wmgt% akm tlfeet+ Kgx}nk% CA0 Gmwda}fnk Mgrgenzcgk} Dgk}gy% Fkd+

Dnogk% M+O+ akm T}gyk% R+ /168?&+ Nitgyrfkh akm ygdnymfkh }og igoarfny nb vnwkh dofemygk+Kgx Vnyl0 ]gadogyt Dneeghg Zygtt+

Dwy}ft% M+ akm Day}gy% C+ /9:::&+ Onx nitgyra}fnk dak }yaktbnyc vnwy }gadofkh+ T}+ Zawe%CK0 Ygm Egab Zygtt+

Mgycak#Tzaylt% E+ akm }og A+I+D+ ]atl Bnydg+ /16?6&+ Ak}f#ifat dwyyfdwewc0 ]nnet bny gcznxgyfkh vnwkh dofemygk+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Ka}fnkae Attndfa}fnk bny }ogGmwda}fnk nb Vnwkh Dofemygk+

Mfdlfktnk% M+ akm ]ainyt% Z+ /9::1&+ Ighfkkfkh ef}gyadv xf}o eakhwahg0 Vnwkh dofemygkegaykfkh a} oncg akm a} tdonne + Iae}fcnyg% CM0 Iynnlgt Zwieftofkh Dn+




Mfdlfktnk% M+L+ akm Mg]gczeg% @+ /166?&+ Zw}}fkh zaygk}t fk }og zfd}wyg0 Ca}gykae ygzny}t nb zygtdonnegyt‖ ef}gyadv at a zygmfd}ny nb gayev ygamfkh+ Gayev Ygtgaydo Qway}gyev% 14%9=1#921+

Mnmhg% M+]+% akm Dnelgy% E+@+ /16??&+ ]og dyga}frg dwyyfdwewc bny gayev dofemonnm +Xatofkh}nk% M+D+0 ]gadofkh T}ya}ghfgt+

Gmgecak% C+ X+ /1669&+ ]og cgatwyg nb nwy twddgtt0 A eg}}gy }n cv dofemygk akm vnwyt+Int}nk% CA0 Igadnk Zygtt+

Gmwda}fnk Mgrgenzcgk} Dgk}gy% Fkd+ /9::=&+ Dnk}gk}#bndwtgm cgk}nyfkh zynhyac+ Kgx}nk%CA0 Aw}ony+

Bahhgeea% L+ akm Onynxf}p% @+ /166:&+ Mfbbgygk} dofem% mfbbgygk} t}veg+ Fkt}ywd}ny% Tgz}gcigy 166:% zz+ =6#7=+

Bf}pza}yfdl% @n+ /1668&+ Zonkgcfd axaygkgtt0 Zeavfkh xf}o tnwkmt }n t}ygkh}ogk ighfkkfkh

ygamfkh tlfeet+ Dvzygtt% DA0 Dyga}frg ]gadofkh Zygtt+

Bygfyg% Z+ /16?7&+ ]og znef}fdt nb gmwda}fnk0 Dwe}wyg% znxgy akm efigya}fnk+ Xgt}zny}% D]0Hyggkxnnm Zwieftofkh Hynwz+

Haymkgy% O+ /9:::&+ Fk}geefhgkdg ygbyacgm+ Kgx Vnyl% KV0 Iatfd Innlt+

Hnkpaegp#Cgka% @+ /@ak+ 1669&+ ]alfkh a dwe}wyaeev tgktf}frg azzynado fk fkbak} }nmmegy zynhyact+ Vnwkh Dofemygk+ zz+ =#6+

+ Oaee% M+% Zygra}}g% Z+ akm Dwkkfkhoac% Z+ /1667&+ Gefcfka}fkh aifef}v hynwzfkh akm ygmwdfkh

bafewyg fk }og zyfcayv hyamgt+ Fk Aeefkh}nk% Y+ E+% akm T+ A+ Xaectegv% gmt+ Kn qwfdl bf0 Yg}ofklfkh ef}gyadv zynhyact fk Acgyfda(t gegcgk}ayv tdonnet% /zz+ 148#17?&+Kgx Vnyl% KV0 ]gadogyt Dneeghg Zygtt+

Oayct% ]+% Defbbnym% Y+ C+% akm Dyvgy% M+ /166?&+ Gayev dofemonnm gkrfynkcgk} ya}fkh tdaeg /Ygr+ gm+&+ Kgx Vnyl0 ]gadogyt Dneeghg Zygtt+

Oayct% ]+% Dyvgy% M+% akm Defbbnym% Y+C+ /9::4&+ Fkbak}.}nmmegy gkrfynkcgk} ya}fkh tdaeg+/Ygr+ gm+&+ Kgx Vnyl0 ]gadogyt Dneeghg Zygtt+

Ogkyv% C+ /9:::&+ Nzgk mnnyt% nzgk cfkmt0 xnylfkh xf}o bacfefgt akm dnccwkf}v+ FkVgeeakm% K+ /Gm+&% Zyncn}fkh cgakfkhbwe egaykfkh0 Fkknra}fnkt fk gmwda}fkh gayev

dofemonnm zynbgttfnkaet+ Xatofkh}nk MD0 Ka}fnkae Attndfa}fnk bny }og Gmwda}fnk nb Vnwkh Dofemygk+

Onbbcak% @+ akm Ogyygk% @+ L+ /9::4&+ Onx dofem nw}dncgt attgttcgk} twzzny}t dnk}fkwnwtzynhyac fczynrgcgk}+ Fk Ogam T}ay} Iweeg}fk% Fttwg $82+




Onkh% T+I+ akm Iynmgyfdl% @akg ]+ /9::4&+ Fkt}ak} rfmgn ygrftf}fkh bny ygbegd}fnk0 G}gkmfkh}og egaykfkh nb dofemygk akm }gadogyt+ Gayev Dofemonnm Ygtgaydo akm Zyad}fdg+Tzyfkh 9::4% Rnewcg 7% Kwcigy 1+

@aienk% @+% Mnciyn% A+ akm Mfdo}gecfeegy% C+ /1666&+ ]og znxgy nb nitgyra}fnk+ Xatofkh}nkMD0 ]gadofkh T}ya}ghfgt% Fkd+

@aienk% @+ akm Mnciyn% A+ Wtfkh xoa} vnw egayk bync nitgyra}fnk0 A bnyc nb attgttcgk}+ FkOgam T}ay} Iweeg}fk% Fttwg $8:+

La}p% E+@+ /1688&+ ]aelt xf}o }gadogyt0 Ygbegd}fnkt nk gayev dofemonnm gmwda}fnk+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Ka}fnkae Attndfa}fnk bny }og Gmwda}fnk nb Vnwkh Dofemygk+

Lnei% M+A+ /1682&+ ]og egaykfkh t}veg fkrgk}nyv0 ]gdokfdae cakwae+ Int}nk% CA0 CdIgy+

Lnt}gekfl% C+ /1669&+ Cv}ot attndfa}gm xf}o mgrgenzcgk}aeev azzynzyfa}g zynhyact+ Vnwkh Dofemygk% =8/=:& zz+ 18#94+

Lknxegt%C+ /167:&+ Fkbnycae amwe} gmwda}fnk+ Dofdahn% FE0 Attndfa}fnk Zygtt+

Cakhfnkg% Z+E+% Eaeev% @+Y+% akm Tfhkgy% T+ /1664&+ Gttgk}fae dnkkgd}fnkt0 ]gk lgvt }ndwe}wyaeev tgktf}frg dofem dayg \Rfmgn cahapfkgS+ Tadyacgk}n% DA0 DMG Zygtt+

CdEakg% @+I+ akm CdKacgg% H+ M+ /166:&+ Gayev ef}gyadv + Daciyfmhg% CA0 OayraymWkfrgytf}v Zygtt% z+ 9=+

Cwyyav% C+ /9::9&+ Igvnkm }og cv}ot akm cahfd nb cgk}nyfkh+ Tak Byakdftdn% DA0 @nttgv#Iatt+

Kgwcak% T+ Dnzzeg% D+ akm Iygmglacz% T+ /9:::&+ Egaykfkh }n ygam akm xyf}g0mgrgenzcgk}aeev azzynzyfa}g zyad}fdgt bny vnwkh dofemygk+ Xatofkh}nk MD0 Ka}fnkae

Attndfa}fnk bny }og Gmwda}fnk nb Vnwkh Dofemygk+

Knyyft% @fee+ /166?&+ Zonkgcfd axaygkgtt }oynwho eakhwahg zeav+ Cnk}gygv% DA0 Grak#Cnny Dnyz+

Nxndlf% H+ /9::1&+ Calg xav bny ef}gyadv0 ]gadofkh }og xav vnwkh dofemygk egayk+ Zny}tcnw}o% KO0 Ogfkgcakk+

Zayealfak% Y+ /9::1&+ Ennl% eft}gk% akm egayk0 Ygbegd}frg twzgyrftfnk akm ygea}fnktofz#iatgm

xnyl+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 PGYN ]N ]OYGG+

Zawetnk% B+E+% Zawetnk% Z+Y+ akm Cgvgy% D+A+ /1661&+ Xoa} calgt a zny}bnefn a zny}bnefn>Gmwda}fnkae Egamgytofz :9.61% zz+ 2:+

Zfahg}% @+ /1679&+ ]og nyfhfkt nb fk}geefhgkdg fk dofemygk+ Kgx Vnyl% KV0 Wkfrgytf}v Zygtt+

Zyndoatla% @+% Knydyntt% @+ akm Mfdegcgk}g% D+ /166=&+ Doakhfkh bny hnnm+ Kgx Vnyl0 ArnkInnlt+




Ynmm% @+ /166?&+ Egamgytofz fk gayev dofemonnm /9km gm&+ Kgx Vnyl% KV0 ]gadogyt DneeghgZygtt+

Tabfgy% @+ akm Hnxgy% Y+ /1668&+ ]og tlfeebwe }gadogy0 Iwfemfkh vnwy }gadofkh tlfeet+ Ad}nk%CA0 Ygtgaydo bny Ig}}gy ]gadofkh+

Takmaee% T+Y+ akm Tdoxay}p% F+T+ /9::9&+ Iwfemfkh iendlt bny }gadofkh zygtdonnegyt xf}otzgdfae kggmt+ Iae}fcnyg0 Zawe O+ Iynnlgt Zwieftofkh+

Tonklnbb% @+Z+ akm Zofeefzt% M+A+ /9:::&+ Bync kgwynkt }n kgfhoinyonnmt0 ]og tdfgkdg nb gayev dofemonnm mgrgenzcgk}+ Xatofkh}nk M+D0 Ka}fnkae Adamgcv Zygtt+

Tcf}o% C+% Mfdlfktnk% M+ L+% Takhgnyhg% A+% akm Akat}atnznwent% E+ /9::9&+ Gayev eakhwahgakm ef}gyadv deattynnc nitgyra}fnk /GEEDN& }nnelf} + Iae}fcnyg0 Iynnlgt+

Tdogfk% G+O+ Zyndgtt dnktwe}a}fnk0 Egttnkt bny cakahgyt akm dnktwe}ak}t /rne+ FF&+

Ygamfkh% CA0 Ammftnk#Xgtegv+ z+2=+

T}aegv% D+% Yakdl% G+Y+% Zgyygawe}% @+% akm Kgwhgiawgy% Y+ /16?2&+ Hwfmgefkgt bny gbbgd}frgt}abb tgegd}fnk+ Fk Dofem Dayg Fkbnyca}fnk Gdoakhg% @akwayv 16?2+

Tweefrak% M+Y+ /9::4&+ Egaykfkh }n egam0 Gbbgd}frg egamgytofz tlfeet bny }gadogyt nb vnwkh dofemygk+ T}+ Zawe% CK0 Ygmegab Zygtt+

]yfiae dnnymfka}nyt nb }og Xgt} Gm Fkbak} ]nmmegy ]yafkfkh Zynhyac+ /9::1&+ Xalakvg`aXnAxakla /)Dayfkh bny Nwy Tadygm Dofemygk)& Cakwae+ Tnw}o Maln}a0 Aw}ony+

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/1668&+ Gcgyhfkh ef}gyadv0 Efklfkh tndfae dnczg}gkdg }n egaykfkh + Xatofkh}nk% M+D0

Aw}ony+ zz+1:7#1== akm1=6+

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/166?& Cnrfkh aogam0 A dnczg}gkdv#iatgm }yafkfkh zynhyac+ Ad}frf}v 1#M0 Egamfkh aHwfmgm Mftdwttfnk+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Aw}ony+

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/9::1&+ Zw}}fkh }og ZYN fk zyn}æhæ0 A hwfmg }n cgk}nyfkh fk Ogam T}ay} akm Gayev Ogam T}ay}+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Aw}ony% z+ 71% zz+ 72#2:+

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/9::1&+ ]og Ogam T}ay} egamgyt hwfmg }n zntf}frg dofem nw}dncgt0 T}ya}ghfgt }ntwzzny} zntf}frg dofem nw}dncgt+ Xatofkh}nk% M+D0 Aw}ony+ zz =4#76+

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/9::1&+ ]yafkfkh hwfmgt bny }og Ogam T}ay} egaykfkh dnccwkf}v+ Nitgyra}fnk akm ygdnymfkh0 ]nnet bny mgdftfnk calfkh+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Aw}ony+ z+ 96+




W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/9::4&+ 91

t} dgk}wyv gzenyfkh zaygk}fkh+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Aw}ony

W+T+ Mgzay}cgk} nb Ogae}o akm Owcak Tgyrfdgt% Amcfkft}ya}fnk bny Dofemygk akm Bacfefgt+/9::=&+ Ogam T}ay} oncg rftf}ny‖t oakminnl bny }og Ogam T}ay} oncg#iatgm zynhyacnz}fnk+ Xatofkh}nk% MD0 Gayev Ogam T}ay} Ka}fnkae Ygtnwydg Dgk}gy J PGYN ]N]OYGG+

Rak Onnyk% @+% Knwyn}% Z+% Tdaegt% I+ akm Aexaym% L+ /9::4&+ Zeav a} }og dgk}gy nb dwyyfdwewc+ Dnewciwt% NO0 Cgyyfee Zygk}fdg Oaee+

Vamgk% M+I+% @y+% Camyfhae% Z+ akm ]ac+ A+ /9::4&+ Addgtt }n innlt akm igvnkm0 Dyga}fkhakm egaykfkh bync a innl egkmfkh zynhyac bny Ea}fkn bacfefgt fk }og fkkgy#df}v+ FkHaydfa% H+H+ /Gm+&% Gkhefto egaykgyt0 Ygadofkh }og ofhogt} egrge nb Gkhefto ef}gyadv /zz+ 478#4?8&+ Kgxayl% MG0 Fk}gyka}fnkae Ygamfkh Attndfa}fnk% Fkd+

Phnkd% Vrg}}g+ /9:::&+ Tnwkmt fk ad}fnk0 Zonknenhfdae axaygkgtt ad}frf}fgt akm

attgttcgk}+ Zg}gyinynwho% KO0 Dyvt}ae Tzyfkht Innlt+

Decision Maker Guide: An Instructional Guide for Design for Early Literacy Mentor-Coaches

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