Decentralization, Democracy and Development EDMUND S. TAYAO Executive Director, Local Government...
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Transcript of Decentralization, Democracy and Development EDMUND S. TAYAO Executive Director, Local Government...
Decentralization, Decentralization, Democracy and Democracy and DevelopmentDevelopmentEDMUND S. TAYAOEDMUND S. TAYAOExecutive Director, Local Government Development Foundation (LOGODEF)Executive Director, Local Government Development Foundation (LOGODEF)Department of Political Science, University of Santo TomasDepartment of Political Science, University of Santo TomasManila, PhilippinesManila, Philippines
Systemic Way to Systemic Way to Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment
Systematize Governance more Systematize Governance more than empower peoplethan empower people
Significant role of Local Significant role of Local Governments as frontline Governments as frontline governance agenciesgovernance agencies
Decentralization, key element in Decentralization, key element in Reinventing GovernmentReinventing Government
Graduate from Principle to Graduate from Principle to Functional SubsidiarityFunctional Subsidiarity
Globalization, Globalization, Democratization and the Democratization and the StateState
Globalization is as much Globalization is as much political as economicpolitical as economic
There could be as much Gains There could be as much Gains as Lossesas Losses
Stability dependent on Stability dependent on Institutions not on LeadersInstitutions not on Leaders
FREEDOM IN THE WORLD
Degree of 1972 2008 Freedom No. of Countries % No. of Countries %
FREE 44 30 90 47 PARTLY FREE 36 24 60 31 UNFREE 68 46 43 22 TOTAL 148 100 193 100
Note: Taken from Freedomhouse International (http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=15). This table
summarizes the Comparative Scores for all countries covered from 1973 to 2008.
Freedom rising amid new era of Globalization and Freedom rising amid new era of Globalization and DemocratizationDemocratization
New Political and Economic Environment and New Political and Economic Environment and Changed Nature of the StateChanged Nature of the State
Simultaneous work on State-making and Simultaneous work on State-making and DevelopmentDevelopment
“Closed”/Authoritarian States on the Left Steep Curve
Consolidated Democracies on the Right
BremmerÕs J Curve
Openness
Stability
Democracy is Finding the Democracy is Finding the Right MixRight Mix
Resilient State Structures but Resilient State Structures but Participative and AccountableParticipative and Accountable
Reforms inevitably means more Reforms inevitably means more substantial role for local substantial role for local governmentsgovernments
Decentralization is key element Decentralization is key element in Democratic Consolidationin Democratic Consolidation
Dilute Power and Undermine Dilute Power and Undermine Authoritarianism's Resource Authoritarianism's Resource BasesBases5 Broad Reasons How Local Government Can Improve 5 Broad Reasons How Local Government Can Improve DemocracyDemocracy Helps to develop democratic values and Helps to develop democratic values and
skills among citizens;skills among citizens;
Increases accountability and Increases accountability and Responsiveness;Responsiveness;
Improves representativeness of Improves representativeness of democracy;democracy;
Enhances Checks and Balances;Enhances Checks and Balances;
Provides Opportunities for Parties and Provides Opportunities for Parties and Factions in Opposition at the center to Factions in Opposition at the center to exercise some measure of political exercise some measure of political power.power.
The Principle of The Principle of SubsidiaritySubsidiarityQuoting the Maastricht Treaty- Subsidiarity Quoting the Maastricht Treaty- Subsidiarity
enjoins the institutions of the Community to enjoins the institutions of the Community to act in areas of concurrent competence "only act in areas of concurrent competence "only if and insofar as the objectives of the if and insofar as the objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently proposed action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States.” According achieved by the Member States.” According to the principle, the Community institutions to the principle, the Community institutions should refrain from acting, even when should refrain from acting, even when constitutionally permitted to do so, if their constitutionally permitted to do so, if their objectives could effectively be served by objectives could effectively be served by action taken at or below the Member State action taken at or below the Member State level.level.
Development as Development as FreedomFreedom
The wherewithal to exercise FreedomThe wherewithal to exercise Freedom
Real problems are Social Sector issuesReal problems are Social Sector issues
Decentralization is Local Centers of GovernanceDecentralization is Local Centers of Governance
Universal as Concept not as ModelUniversal as Concept not as Model
Importance of Public Goods and Significance of Importance of Public Goods and Significance of Interlocal CooperationInterlocal Cooperation
Why talk about Why talk about Principles?Principles?• A long overdue call for reform (call started as A long overdue call for reform (call started as
early as 1965 and we’re still talking)early as 1965 and we’re still talking)
• The need for an overhaul considering The need for an overhaul considering especially that what we have is a ‘captured especially that what we have is a ‘captured state’state’
• Question of direction, more important is the Question of direction, more important is the question of ‘how?’ (the need for real revolution question of ‘how?’ (the need for real revolution and not of restoration)and not of restoration)