decentralisation(BGIS)

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DECENTRALISATIONOF POWER


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Structure of thepresentation

1. Introduction2. Concept of Democratic Decentralisation3. Evolution of Democratic

Decentralisation4. Significance of Democratic

Decentralisation5. Democratic Decentralisation in India6. Learning outcome7. Key concepts8. Conclusion9. References and Further Reading


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Introduction

Decentralization Decentre Reversing centralization oropposite of centre

Decentralization means: Transfer of power and authority from

central institution to a lower or locallevels of a governmental system

Transfer of responsibility for planning

management and resource raising fromcentral government agencies tosubordinate units.


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Various Degrees of Transfer

(Forms of decentralization)

Deconcentration: The transfer to lower levels withinthe central or national government itself(sectoral/spatial shifting work load without authorityto decide, power to control and direct its recipient

at the local level) Delegation: The transfer of local government or

other organizations wholly or partly outside thedomain of the central govt. but remain accountableto it

Devolution:o Clear jurisdictiono Outside direct control of central govto True form of decentralization/democratic

decentralization/local autonomy /self-

governance Privatization: Transfer to private entities

Introduction


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oncep oDemocratic

DecentralisationDemocracy - One of the best forms of governmentas it ensures liberty of thought, expression, belief,faith and worship, equality of status andopportunity, fraternity as well as the right toparticipate in political decision-making Participation and control of governance by thepeople is possible only when the powers of thestate are decentralized to the district, block andvillage levels where all the sections of the peoplecan sit together, discuss their problems and

suggest solutions and plan, execute Democratize local self government to enable it toenjoy more authority, shoulder greaterresponsibility, take more initiative and experiencegreater autonomy in the management of the

affairs of the local areaDecentralization is regarded as a necessary


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vo u on oDemocratic

Decentralisation Post-Independence India adopted ademocratic system of governance.

Growing realization among policyanalaysts that as government activities

expand, it is increasingly difficult to planand administer all development activitieseffectively and efficiently from the centre

Local autonomy in making decisions ofprimary concern to the locality and greater

responsibility for designing andimplementing development programmesbecame a necessity - revived interest inthe notion of decentralization.

In India the Panchayati Raj Institutions set

an example for the world for to emulate inthe matter o democratic decentralization.


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Significance of

DemocraticDecentralisation Tailor-made plans as per needs of heterogeneous regions and

groups possible

Closer contact between government officials and localpopulation is possible

Allows better penetration of national policies to areas remotefrom capital

Ensures greater representation of political, religious, ethnicand tribal groups in development decision-making - greaterequity in allocation of resources

Development of capacity of local institutions, theirmanagerial and technical skills

Institutionalize the participation of the citizens and exchangeof information


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emocra cDecentralisation in

IndiaThe 73rd and 74th ConstitutionalAmendment Acts have been major steps inthe direction of decentralized governance inIndia 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act relates

to introduce reforms in rural local bodieswhereas the 74th Constitutional AmendmentAct relates to bring reform in urban localbodies

Democratic Decentralisation in Rural Areas Democratic Decentralisation in Urban Areas Democratic Decentralisation in Tribal andSchedule Areas Gram Sabha Gram Panchayat


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Key concepts Decentralisation :Transfer of planning, decision-making or

administrative authority from the central governments to itsfield organizations, local administrative units, semi-autonomous organizations, local governments and non-governmental organizations.

Democratic Decentralisation : It is an extension of thedemocratic principle aims at widening the area of the peoplesparticipation, authority and autonomy through devolution of

powers to peoples representative organizations from the toplevel to the lowest levels in three dimensions of politicaldecision- making, financial control and administrativemanagement..

Democratic Centralism of power : It seeks to combine

democracy with centralism. It is centripetal. There is transfer ofauthority to the extent of complete surrender and

M it f


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Merits ofDecentralisation

Differentiated and pluralist structureof govt

Grassroots political process

Participatory bottom up development Sustainable development

Appropriateplanning/implementation

Local leadership (Nursery ofleadership building)

Local and institutional resource base


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References andFurther Reading

Chakrabarty Bidyut and Mohit Bhattacharya(ed), 2003, Public Administration : AReader, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Joshil. R. P. and G.S. Narwani, 2002,

Panchayat Raj in India: Emerging TrendsAcross the states, Rawat Publications,

Jaipur, New Delhi. Bhattacharya Mohit, 1999, Restructing

Public Administration : Essays in

Rehabilitation, Jawahar Publishers &Distributors, New Delhi.

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Thank you

"My idea of decentralized governance isthat it is complete republic independent ofits neighbours for its vital wants and yetinterdependent for many others in whichdependence is a necessity"

- M. K. Gandhi
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