December 2011

JUMP • 2

ParentsAll Ads! Important

3-Welcome

5 & 15- Cyberbullying

7-Inspirations

8-book Reviews

13-14-Parent Articles (Es-

panol tambien)

FamilyActivities5-Discussion Cyberbullying

8-Book Reviews

16-Science Rocks

17-Surprise Craft

18-19-Gingerbread House

21-Critter Page

Kids20-29-Activities Pages

On The Cover: McAllen Public

Library Grand Opening

Publisher Betty Ramirez

Graphics R. Ramirez

Contributing Writers Dr. Ida H.Acuña-Garza Michelle SheltonKristina CorralKate Horan

ArtRene LopezJames De LosSantosDisclaimer© Jump The Family Magazine 2011. All Rights Reserved. Re-production of this publica-tion in any form without prior written permission is forbid-den. The information con-tained herein has been ob-tained from sources believed to be reliable. Jump Magazine disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such informa-tion. Jump Magazine shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in the information contained herein or for interpretations thereof. Jump Magazine does not guarantee the quality of services advertised and our Jump readers should take caution by investigating and using prudent judgment when dealing with any busi-ness advertising in our publi-cations.

READ ALL ISSUES at WWW.ISSUU.COM/JUMP-MAGAZINE

We wish all our readers to our first 6th year edition of Jump Magazine. It has been a great (trials and tribulations, too) learning experience bringing you this publication. As we begin our sixth year, we do so with much anticipation to bring Jump to a higher level. Plans are to open an office and to get me the much needed help to keep bring-ing you this fun, informative learning magazine to our families.

Our goals are to get kids to love learning and reading and to make it fun, as well. We want parents to join in and read Dr. Ida’s parent tips and to take them to heart. Preser-vation of our environment and environmental resources is a prevalent theme in Jump Magazine. I’ve often been told that Jump is used as a supplemental teaching tool in classrooms (yey!). Our activities and recipes may be the key to “talking” and “listening” to your kids.

So, as we end this year, it is also our beginning. For a second or two, it astounds that in spite of much needed editorial, circulation, marketing, sales and other staff that help other magazines prosper, that I have done this with the help of only my family. It is with great joy and anticipation that I look forward to the next five years and on....

In the meantime, keep enjoying Jump. We will have additional circulation of Jump in many other places besides schools. I look forward to hearing from you and thank you, the readers, the contributors and supporters! Refer potential advertisers to me, as it is through advertisers—like Security First Credit Union, Eternity Dance Studio and Leg-end that have been the strongest supporters. Let your friends that have businesses know about Jump. Our rates and reasonable! Call me with any comments or informa-tion! Now, go hug your loved ones and “listen” to your kids! Merry Christmas!

Betty Ramirez (956) 240-3255

JUMP • 3

Find Jump Magazine @Peter Piper Pizza / MissionPeter Piper Pizza / McAllenSun PalaceKaboom Comics Day caresDoctors Offices & more.

Jump is also distributed in these School Districts:La Joya School DistrictsMission School DistrictsPSJA School Districts Donna School DistrictsDay cares, etc.

Interested in Advertising in Jump Magazine? Give us a call today! Betty Ramirez956.240.3255

Welcome to

THE LEARNING MAGAZINE

THE LEARNING MAGAZINE WISHES YOU

Defining aCyberbully

Social scientists struggle tocharacterizenew form ofharassment The following is part one of a three part National Science Foundation series: Bully-ing in the Age of Social Media."I was cyberbullied at age 40 by some-one that tried to beat me up in high school," says a person posting on a website that chronicles stories of people intimidated through digital communica-tions.But I ended up winning the fight, he says. "They held that grudge for 28 years before Googling me, figuring out my em-ployer and sending porn to everyone in the company directory, including clients, with poorly forged headers to look like it was coming from me. My employer was very understanding, but some clients were not."The person telling this story posts under the screen name "Worth." His is one of a growing number of digital incidents causing scholars to examine and define a new type of seemingly invisible and often anonymous, virtual aggression called cyberbullying.It's a problem primarily among adoles-cents and it's growing faster than parents, educators or policymakers can effectively respond."Cyberbullying and mischief appears to increase with age through childhood and adolescence, so that it is a bigger problem in high school than in junior high," says University of Arizona's Sheri Bauman, one of a number of investigators studying the causes and effects of cyber-bullying. "Given that bullying has existed throughout history, it surprises me that we have yet to develop really effective strate-gies to prevent it."Traditional bullying and bullying behav-ior long have existed, but cyberbullying is a relative newcomer. According to a

University of Arizona study conducted by Bauman's colleague Robert Tokunaga, about 20-40 percent of all youths report experiencing it at least once in their lives--although some contend the numbers could be higher."I think students underestimate their expe-riences with bullying because it is not fun to view yourself as a 'victim of bullying,' no matter how it is defined," says Justin Patchin, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Center website. "It is basically suggesting that you are weak or unpopu-lar or inferior in some way. Many people view victims in this light so teens might be reluctant to put themselves in that box."Moreover, with increasing access to the In-ternet, cyberbullying doesn't appear to be slowing down. Recent surveys report that at least 80 percent of adolescents own the technology, primarily computers and cell phones, necessary to engage in or be victims of cyberbullying, with even more youth having access at school, libraries or after-school programs.Significant life challenges resultBut being a bully or being bullied is one thing; the consequences of the behavior

are another matter entirely. Victims of cyberbullying frequently suffer from a host of negative problems. They have lower self-esteem, higher levels of social anxiety and school absenteeism, as well as greater involvement in drinking, smoking and significant life challenges, according to researchers."Both cyber and traditional bullying are predictors of depression and suicide attempts, and those risks exist for both perpetrators and targets," says Bauman, a professor and director of the School Coun-seling master's degree program at UA."Cyberbullying occurs in young people from all socioeconomic groups," she says, "including students with disabilities. Chronic bullying and cyberbullying behav-iors, for both perpetrator and victim, may persist into adulthood as well."This may explain why Worth claims to have been cyberbullied at age 40. But there's a question: does Worth's experi-ence meet a consensus definition of cyberbullying that would allow parents, educators, researchers and policymakers to effectively address the issue?Practical uses for a consensus definition

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Last year, Bauman, acting as principal in-vestigator with funding from the National Science Foundation's Division of Behav-ioral and Cognitive Sciences, convened an International Cyber Bullying Think Tank in Tucson at the University of Arizona. Twenty-one scholars from eight countries and six U.S. states--psychologists, sociolo-gists, counselors, communication special-ists, educators and experts on public health--gathered to define cyberbullying, discuss sampling and research design, examine existing measures and plan future projects.Their biggest challenge: agreeing on a clear and unambiguous definition. After three days of discussions, think tank participants left with what one participant called "dissent" in coming up with precise wording.Marilyn Campbell, an attendee from Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, says, "It is important to have a consensus definition of cyberbul-lying for prevention and intervention ef-forts." A consensus definition has practical uses "such as in policies or legislation or for research."Campbell, an associate professor in the School of Learning and Professional Stud-ies, Faculty of Education at QUT argues school anti-bullying policies may not de-fine cyberbullying with sufficient precision. "The nuances of words are important for effective prevention and deterrence, with policy enforcement requiring clarity and precision in language," she says. "School policies may be practically and legally ineffectual if the language used is too vague and does not address the foresee-able risk."Generally, the language for school policies runs the gamut. Yenton Primary School in Birmingham, England, has a policy that says Yenton school officials believe that all people in the community have a right to learn in a supportive and safe environment without fear of being bullied."We believe every individual in school has a duty to report an incident of bully-ing, whether it happens to themselves or to another person," the policy reads. It goes on to list types of cyberbullying, in-cluding text messages, video clips, mobile phone calls, emails, etc."Yenton's policy does not define cyberbul-lying," says Campbell. "They only recount behaviors, which can be difficult as they acknowledge. They might miss some

behaviors and as technology changes so do the ways people can bully."In the United States, the Richland School District in West Richland, Wash., has a very comprehensive school policy that says the district is committed to a safe and civil educational environment free from harassment, intimidation, bullying or cyberbullying."The terms harassment, intimidation and bullying shall mean any intentionally written message or other visual communi-cation, verbal communication or physical act, gesture or omission, including but not limited to one shown to be motivated by race, color, religion, ancestry, national ori-gin, gender, sexual orientation including gender expression or identity, mental or physical disability or other distinguishing characteristics," the policy begins.It goes on to define bullying and cyber-bullying as acts with the intent to create "a substantial and unjustifiable risk of, creating the threat of, or with the natural end result of physically, emotionally or mentally harming a student, staff member, volunteer, patron," etc."The Richland policy is very legalistic and would probably not be all that helpful for parents or students," says Campbell. "There is a middle way of defining cyber-bullying."So what is cyberbullying?At minimum, researchers say cyberbully-ing is a subset of aggression that primar-ily occurs with adolescents. Aggression,

as an academic and research construct, refers to intentional behavior that hurts or harms another person. Bullying, mean-while, refers to aggression where there is also an imbalance of power and repeti-tion of the act; or a "systematic abuse of power.""Cyber aggression and cyberbullying correspondingly refer to aggression and bullying carried out via electronic media--mobile phones and the Internet," says Peter Smith, a professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths College, University of London. "As such, they are mainly phenomena of the 21st century."In fact, a 2010 study of cyberbullying found more than 97 percent of young people in the United States have some sort of Internet connection, which is a different measure than owning the technology. The study found youth had access to instant messaging, chat rooms, email, blogs, texting, social networking, online gam-ing and other media associated with the Internet boom.Definitions of cyberbullying typically start with three concepts: intent to harm, imbal-ance of power and usually a repeated action, although some experts replace "repeated action" with "specific targets." While traditional bullying uses these defin-ing characteristics, there is controversy as to whether all these concepts apply to cyberbullying and in what capacity.For example, the possibility of misunder-standing intent exists more with electronic

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communication than with traditional bully-ing because of reduced social cues, social scientists say. The inability to see a smile or a wink on the face of a friend who sent an electronic message could result in the communication being construed as cyberbullying."There are also problems with the imbal-ance of power criterion," says Smith, who led the NSF-sponsored International Cyber Bullying Think Tank's definition subcommit-tee last year. In traditional bullying, this is usually taken as being in terms of physical strength or psychological confidence in a face-to-face confrontation, or in terms of the number of bullies against one victim."These are not so clear in cyberbullying, which is not face-to-face," he says. "There may nevertheless be an imbalance of power either through the anonymity of those committing the act, or if the perpe-trators are known by the victim to have relative physical, psychological or numeri-cal strength offline, then an imbalance of power may still be a factor in the victim's perception of the situation."Smith says in some cases, greater tech-nological expertise could also contribute to an imbalance of power, such as the ability of a bully to develop a website and post mean things about a classmate or a friend. "Although it is easy enough to send emails and text messages," he says, "more sophisticated attacks such as mas-

querading, or pretending to be someone else posting denigrating material on a website, require more skill."In one notable example, a 13-year-old Missouri girl, Megan Meier, committed suicide after being harassed through a popular social networking website by a boy she liked. The cyberbully, it turns out, was not a boy at all, but instead was the mother of one of Megan's former friends, who created a false identity to correspond with and gain information about Megan. The mother later used that information to humiliate Megan for spreading rumors about her daughter.The incident clearly involved issues of anonymity, masquerading and the greater relationship skills possessed by the mother, not the fact that the mother was an adult, which traditionally creates a power imbal-ance with adolescents.The third concept, repeated action, also gives some researchers pause. Due to the nature of cyberbullying, the act or behav-ior may repeat itself without the contribu-tion of the cyberbully, they say.For example, taking an abusive picture or video clip on a mobile phone may occur only once, but if the person receiving the image forwards it to anyone else, it could be argued that this falls under the category of repetition.Additionally, if something abusive is uploaded onto a Web page, every hit

on that page could count as a repetition. Consequently, the use of repetition as a criterion for traditional bullying may be less reliable for cyberbullying."At this point we don't have a standard definition of cyberbullying that is used in research," says Jina Yoon, an associate professor of educational psychology at Wayne State University in Detroit, Mich. She says studies of cyberbullying use dif-ferent definitions-a situation that can lead to challenges when developing plans or policies that seek to prevent it.What about Worth's experience?So where does this leave Worth, who was bullied at age 40? Was his experience cyberbullying?Yes, but not really says Patchin. "Many people would call this cyberbullying, and it fits within our definition, but we focus on the behaviors as they occur among adolescents. Most researchers reserve the term 'bullying' for repeated harassment as it occurs among adolescents."Patchin, an associate professor of criminal justice at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, formally defines cyberbullying as willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones or other electronic devices."When we measure the behaviors among teens, we tell them that cyberbullying is when someone repeatedly harasses, mistreats, or makes fun of another person online or while using cell phones or other electronic devices," he says."We have to be careful about just labeling these incidents without really understand-ing the relationships," says Yoon narrow-ing on the characteristics of cyberbullying. "We don't know the history of these two individuals.""One could argue that the perpetrator is behind the computer with an obvious intent to hurt Worth, which makes him or her more powerful than the victim," she says. But maybe cyberbullying doesn't necessarily fit. "I have heard a broader term such as electronic aggression, which might describe the case better."Worth's experience exemplifies the current state of cyberbullying research. It remains in need of a consensus definition with social scientists struggling to find one.--

from: www.nsf.gov/discoveries (log on for more information on cyberbullying)


And an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with fear. (10) And the angel said to them, “Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of a great joy that will be for all the people. (11) For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. (12) And this will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger. Luke 2:9-12

And being found in hu-man form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Je-sus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth.Philippians 2:8-10

What is Christmas? It is tenderness for the past, courage for the present, hope for the future. It is a fervent wish that ev-ery cup may overflow with blessings rich and eternal, and that every path may lead to peace. Agnes M Pharo

Angels descending, bring from above, Echoes of mercy, whis-pers of love. F.J.Crosby

It is Christmas every time you let God love oth-ers through you...yes, it is Christmas every time you smile at your broth-er and offer him your hand. -Mother Teresa

Christmas began in the heart of God. It is com-plete only when it reach-es the heart of man.--Anonymous

Once again we find our-selves enmeshed in the Holiday Season, that very special time of year when we join with our loved ones in shar-ing centuries-old tradi-tions such as trying to find a parking space at the mall. We tradition-ally do this in my family by driving around the parking lot until we see a shopper emerge from the mall, then we follow her, in very much the same spirit as the Three Wise Men, who 2,000 years ago followed a star, week after week, until it led them to a parking space. - Dave Barry


ChildrenThirteen Little Blue Envelopes/ The Last Blue Envelope by Maureen JohnsonBy Michelle Shelton, Children’s Supervisor, McAllen Public Library For fans of Mo Willems and his Knuffle Bunny series comes the adorable conclusion of the story of Trixie and her beloved stuffed bunny. While on a journey to Holland to visit her grandparents, Trixie misplaces Knuffle

Bunny on the plane. Nothing can satisfy her, not the gifts from her grandparents, the attention from her parents, NOTHING! Will Trixie ever find her best stuffed pal or will she have to grow up without her dear Knuffle Bunny. A surprise ending will leave you smiling and feeling warm and fuzzy inside -- just the way Knuffle Bunny feels when you hold him tight.

AdultA Widow’s Story by Joyce Carol OatesBy Kate Horan, Assistant Director of Public Services, McAllen Public Library National Book Award winner Joyce Carol Oates writes a poignant memoir of the death of her husband, to whom she was married for 46 years. In the aftermath of a car accident, Oates drives her husband to the hospital where he is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated. Less than a week later, he is dead of a hospital acquired infection and the author is plunged into widowhood and all it entails: the vocabulary of illness and medicine, the obligations of death, and the many difficulties of widowhood. Her courage and authorial commitment to accuracy will amaze you.

ChildrenKnuffle Bunny Free: An Unexpected Diversion by Mo Willems By Michelle Shelton, Children’s Supervisor, McAllen Public Library For fans of Mo Willems and his Knuffle Bunny series comes the adorable conclusion of the story of Trixie and her beloved stuffed bunny. While on a journey to Holland to visit her grandparents,

Trixie misplaces Knuffle Bunny on the plane. Nothing can satisfy her, not the gifts from her grandparents, the attention from her parents, NOTHING! Will Trixie ever find her best stuffed pal or will she have to grow up without her dear Knuffle Bunny. A surprise ending will leave you smiling and feeling warm and fuzzy inside -- just the way Knuffle Bunny feels when you hold him tight.

TeenThe Carrie Diaries by Candace BushnellBy Kristina Corral, Children’s Librarian, McAllen Public Library Candace Bushnell introduces young readers to her most famous character, Car-rie Bradshaw in The Carrie Diaries. In her senior year of high school Carrie never dreamed things would turn out the way that they did. The young Carrie Bradshaw goes through boy trouble, friends in crisis, and finding out who she is and who she wants to be. Throughout the book Carrie stays true to herself and holds on to her dreams. Teenage girls and those familiar with Carrie Bradshaw will get a peek at the early years of a character many have come to love.

AdultA Widow’s Story by Joyce Carol OatesBy Kate Horan, Assistant Director of Public Services, McAllen Public Library

National Book Award winner Joyce Carol Oates writes a poignant memoir of the death of her husband, to whom she was married for 46 years. In the aftermath of a car accident, Oates drives her husband to the hospital where he is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated. Less than a week later, he is dead of a hospital acquired in-fection and the author is plunged into widowhood and all it entails: the vocabulary of illness and medicine, the obligations of death, and the many difficulties of widow-hood. Her courage and authorial commitment to accuracy will amaze you.


This information is provided for you by Dr. Ida H. Acuña-Garza, Executive Director of the South Texas Literacy Coalition, whose motto is: Literacy for Life! Visit our website at: www.southtexaslitcoalition.org. For more information call us – (956) 414-6078.

This Holiday Season – Plan a Family Fun Night Although you might not think so now, it is not the many gifts that the family will remember when they grow older – it is the memories. What we remember later in life is the laughter, the silly stories or games we played, the bonding, and the fun This holiday season, why not start new traditions with your family while the kids are home from school by organizing at least one Family Fun Night? One great reason to stay in and plan some fun is the economic shift! Staying in is the new going out! Tightening your budget does not mean you have to be somber about it. We now have to shift our thinking to finding more ways to interact with family members and finding pleasure in getting to know each other. We all live a fast pace of life and technology continues to compete for our time through video games and texting but it is time to re-discover our homes and our families. Getting started might be a challenge. It might take everyone a little effort to get used to devoting some time away from computers and video games, but as parents, we must set the pace and begin to help shift at-titudes in our families. It’s time to locate the family board games and playing cards. It’s time to get the family to participate in a family art contest. It’s time to read together. Here are some ideas to help you get started. Start a Family Fun Night Jar – In the jar you will place strips of paper with ideas for a family fun night. Each person in the family should contribute at least one idea on a strip of paper. Some suggestions might be: playing a board game, playing cards, art contest, reading a favorite story, playing Mexican Bingo or “Chalupa,” making up skits about a topic on the strip of paper, making a snack recipe, playing other games, watching a movie together, mak-ing crafts, making seasonal decorations to take to a local charity or nursing home. Establish family fun night rules – no telephones or texting, turn off the computer and TV, taking turns to organize and direct the game, and clean up procedures, everyone will practice good sportsmanship, and no unpleasant talk – just plain fun! Choose one night a week that is convenient to all members of the family. Sometimes a Sunday afternoon works well. Regardless, it is time for families to take their time and space back! Spending time together at home having fun can provide the best childhood memories that, as adults, your children will pass on to their children for generations to come. Reference: Family Fun Night by Cynthia L. Copeland


Durante Las Fiestas Navideñas – Haga Planes Para Una Noche Familiar de Diversión

Aunque no lo piense ahora, no serán los muchos regalos de los cuales las familia recordara cuando crezcan—serán los recuerdos. Lo que recordamos de nuestra niñez son las sonrisas, los cuentos chistosos o los juegos que jugamos, el convivir y la diversión. ¿Porque no empieza una nueva tradición durante estas fiestas navideñas mientras que sus hijos están en vacaciones de la escuela por medio de organi-zar a lo menos una Noche Familiar de Diversión? ¡Una razón principal para quedarse en casa es el cambio en la economía! ¡Quedándose en casa está de moda como la nueva idea en lugar de salir! Apretándose el presupues-to no tiene que ser en situación séria. Ahora mismo tenemos que montar una nueva manera de pensar y encontrar nuevas ideas para interactuar y convivir con la familia y lograr el placer de conocernos. Todos vivimos en paso de vida muy rápido y la tecnología continua a competir por nuestro tiempo por medio de las computado-ras, juegos de video, y mandando mensajes por texto, pero es tiempo de descubrir de nuevo nuestros hogares y nuestras familias. Empezando con esta nueva idea tal vez será un reto al principio. Les va costar esfuerzo a cada miembro de la familia acostumbrarse a prestar su tiempo afuera de las computadoras y juegos de video, pero como padres, debes de establecer el compás y empezar a cambiar las actitudes en nuestras familias. Es tiempo de localizar los juegos y barajas. Es tiempo de enlistar a la familia que participen en un concurso familiar de dibujos. Es tiempo de leer juntos. He aquí algunas ideas para que empiece estos cambios. Empiece un Envase de La Noche Familiar – En el envase la familiar va a poner tiras de papel con ideas para iniciar un noche familiar de diversión. Cada persona en la familia debe contribuir a lo menos una idea escrita en la tira de pape. Algunas sugerencias son: jugando en juego de tabla, jugando barajas, participando en un con-curso familiar de dibujos, leyendo una historia favorita, jugando Chalupa o bingo, inventando dramáticas sobre el tema en la tira de papel, haciendo una receta de antojitos, jugando otros juegos, viendo una película juntos, haciendo manualidades, haciendo decoraciones para llevar a un sitio de caridad o casa de ancianos. Establezca las reglas para la noche familiar de diversión - los teléfonos se apagan para que haya manera de textear, las computadoras y la televisión también se apagan, quien se encargará en recoger todo después que terminen, que todos van a comportarse bien, y que no habrá malas palabras ni temas de chisme! Escoja una noche en la semana la cual sea conveniente para todos. A veces un domingo por la tarde pa-rece ser una buena selección. . De todos modos, es tiempo que las familias recojan su tiempo y espacio. Pasando tiempo juntos en su hogar con diversión puede proveer buenas memorias de la niñez que, como adultos, sus hijos pasaren a sus hijos por generaciones en el futuro. Reference: Family Fun Night by Cynthia L. Copeland

Esta información es contribuida por la Dra. Ida H. Acuña-Garza, Directora Ejecutiva de la Coalición de Alfabetismo del Sur de Tejas cuyo lema es: ¡Alfabetismo Por Vida! Visite nuestro sitio de internet en: www.southtexaslitcoalition.org. Para mas información llámenos al – (956) 414-6078..

Como Cepillar Los Dientes Apropiadamente Nosotros en RubiconDental atendemos pa-cientes de seis meses a veinte uno años de edad. Es una buena idea lim-piar la enciílla del bebe antes de que aparezca el primer diente con una toallita húmeda, tam-

bién nosotros como pa-dres es muy importante empezar a cepillarle los dientes al niño tan pronto como aparezca el primer diente.

Es muy importante empezar a usar el hilo

dental tan pronto como nazcan dos dientes uno a lado del otro para preve-nir la carie en medio de los dientes, es de suma importancia usarlo en las muelas ya que estas están muy juntos una de la otra a comparación a

los dientes de enfrente. La higiene bocal es de suma importancia en los niños que toman mucho jugo y comen cosas azu-caradas.

JUMP • 31JUMP • 14 READ ALL ISSUES at WWW.ISSUU.COM/JUMP-MAGAZINE

Como Cepillar Los Dientes Apropiadamente Nosotros en RubiconDental atendemos pa-cientes de seis meses a veinte uno años de edad. Es una buena idea lim-piar la enciílla del bebe antes de que aparezca el primer diente con una toallita húmeda, tam-

bién nosotros como pa-dres es muy importante empezar a cepillarle los dientes al niño tan pronto como aparezca el primer diente.

Es muy importante empezar a usar el hilo

dental tan pronto como nazcan dos dientes uno a lado del otro para preve-nir la carie en medio de los dientes, es de suma importancia usarlo en las muelas ya que estas están muy juntos una de la otra a comparación a

los dientes de enfrente. La higiene bocal es de suma importancia en los niños que toman mucho jugo y comen cosas azu-caradas.

JUMP • 31JUMP • 15READ ALL ISSUES at WWW.ISSUU.COM/JUMP-MAGAZINE

Not many people think about what it's like to be a bat, but for those who do, it's enlight-ening and potentially groundbreaking for understanding aspects of the human brain and nervous system.

Cynthia Moss, a member of the Neurosci-ence and Cognitive Science program at the University of Maryland, College Park, Md., is one of few researchers who spend time trying to get into the heads of bats.

Her new research suggests there is more to studying bats than figuring out how they process sound to distinguish environments. Partially supported by the National Science Foundation, her research paper appears in the June 18 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"For decades it's been recognized that a bat's voice produces sounds that give the bat information about the location of objects," says Moss. "We're now recognizing that every time a bat produces a sound there are changes in brain activity that may be impor-tant for scene analysis, sensorimotor control and spatial memory and navigation."

The research could help neurobiologists understand mechanisms in the human brain and ultimately benefit human health, but that may not happen for some time as more research is needed.

Moss and her colleague, Nachum Ulanovsky from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, reviewed more than 100 studies and determined the brief calls emitted through

a bat's mouth or nostrils and their returning echoes play a pivotal role in motor control and have other behavioral implications.

In short, echoes from a bat's voice cause the bat to turn its head and ears, and give the bat's brain a description of the scene. The echoes also cue a bat's memory about its en-vironment so it can safely fly between points.

"Our review highlights new research findings suggesting that the bat's vocal production does more than yield echoes," says Moss. "We're learning every time the bat produces a vocalization, there are changes in brain activity that are essential to complex behav-iors."

For example, when a bat pursues prey, a moth or some other insect, it computes the 3D location of objects in its environment--a tree, a wall or a lamppost--from information carried by the echoes of high-pitched vocal chirps produced at rates of 2-150 chirps per second.

Research shows it actually uses these echoes to remember details of the environment in which it operates, displaying a very sensitive spatial memory component.

The vocalizations tell the bat the horizontal and vertical positions of its prey from dif-ferences in the arrival time, intensity, and variety of echoes it receives. It estimates target range from the time delay between the outgoing vocalization and returning echo. It also uses its sonar system to assess the size of a target. Finally, when zeroed in, it

swoops down on its prey.

Researchers are able to draw correlations between how bats and humans process infor-mation to perform functions. Both are mam-mals having the same basic brain organiza-tion, which leads to obvious comparisons.

According to Moss, bats engage in vocal-motor behaviors to generate signals to probe the environment, while some blind humans produce tongue clicks to generate sounds for echolocation.

Both bats and humans engage in so-called "motor behaviors" that shape their percep-tions of the world. A bat turns its head, moves its ears, and changes its flight path in response to echo information from the environment. A human moves his eyes or turns his head to augment his perception of auditory and visual signals.

"All of these motor behaviors influence the animal's perception and representation of the environment," says Moss. "But of interest to us is the idea that these vocal-motor behav-iors contribute to environmental perception, memory, and spatial planning far beyond the processing of sound."

"It may be that some of the information we learn from the bat gives us a window into understanding mechanisms of the human brain," says Moss. "But those outcomes are a little bit down the road."

Source: http://www.nsf.gov


Gingerbread House and More Baubles from Your Kitchen Gingerbread House Directions By Dorothy Sibole

Fruit, paper ornaments and flowers were used to decorate the first Christmas trees. Today we have electric lights, blown glass ornaments, and all kinds of beautiful decorations you can buy for your tree, but the ornaments and decorations that stand out are the ones that are made at home. Making decorations is a tradition in my family, and I want to share that tradition with you.

I have always enjoyed mak-

ing popcorn strings. Always use unbuttered popcorn, and just use a regular thread and needle. I also recommend that you keep them to a manage-able length, like three feet or so. One fun trick my sister came up with was to toss the popped corn in red or green food coloring. You can also toss it with glitter to add some sparkle. Another way to decorate and be creative is with salt dough. It can be colored, painted and glued, and it is very malleable. After mixing the dough, you can roll or cut it into different shapes which, after baking, can be painted with acrylic or poster paints, and further decorated with glitter, glued-on rhinestones or other whatever suits you. Basic Salt Dough for

Ornaments 1-3/4 cup hot water 1 cup salt (table or popcorn salt) 4 cups all-purpose flour Mix the water and salt and let sit for a minute or so to allow some of the salt to dissolve. In the bowl of an electric mixer, slowly add the flour to the salt water, and mix all together until smooth and pliable.

Cover the dough with plastic wrap and let rest for about 5 minutes. Roll out to a 3/4-inch thickness on a floured surface and cut into shapes with cook-ie cutters. Place the "cookies" on a non-stick baking sheet and bake in a 300-degree oven for an hour. Remember, you do not want them too dark in color or it could interfere with the decorating of the "cookies". Let the "cookies" cool completely. Then paint

and decorate them as you like. Makes about 2 dozen pieces, but please do not eat these!

Gingerbread House

Gingerbread houses are very popular during the holidays. It is possible to buy a kit from the grocery store or craft stores like Michaels. These kits include pre-baked walls and roofs, icing that you just add water to, the candy and the pastry bag with a star tip. They take about one hour to assemble, and they look great, but you miss out on all the fun of creating your own. You can make you own gingerbread house from scratch, enjoy doing it and accept all the compliments. It's just a matter of how much time you have. Gingerbread Dough


1 cup butter at room temperature 1-3/4 cups brown sugar 1-1/4 cups white sugar 2 tablespoons molasses 6 eggs 6 cups all-purpose flour 2 teaspoons baking soda 1 tablespoon ground ginger 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon 1 tablespoon allspice Preheat oven to 325°F degrees. Line several cookie sheets with aluminum foil. Butter and flour the foil. Using the dimensions in the Gin-gerbread House Drawing, cut out paper patterns for the walls, roof and chimney, and set aside.

In a large bowl, cream the butter and sugars. Beat in the molasses and eggs. In another large bowl, sift dry ingredients. Combine mixtures and knead into a smooth ball. Cover and refrigerate at least 30 minutes. On a well-floured surface, roll out a small amount of the dough until it is 1/4 inch thick. Place one of the paper pattern pieces on the dough and cut around the edges. Gently, using the spatula, lift the dough and place it on the foil-lined, pre-pared cookie sheet. Put all scraps into a bowl and cover. Save these for the kids to play with, or to make gingerbread men Bake for 15 to 20 minutes or until slightly firm. Let cool on racks until firm enough to handle. Peel the foil off the sections and set the pieces aside to dry thoroughly overnight.

To make windows and the door: Cut out a rectangle for the door and squares for the windows from the appropriate side. Cut the window in half to make shutters. If you're feeling ambitious, fill the empty windows with crushed lifesavers to form "stained glass" windows. Or, instead of actually cutting out the door and window(s), just score them and decorate appropriately for a closed-door effect. To make the chimney: Cut out a rectangle big enough to hold all pieces of the chim-ney. When the baked dough is still warm and soft, lay the patterns on top and cut out the pieces.

Royal Icing This recipe is for a single batch. You will probably need several, but if you make them all at once, keep them in separate bowls. Royal Icing dries very quickly and is like cement. Keep it well covered: one piece of plastic wrap touching the icing itself and another over the top of the bowl. 3 egg whites 1-1/2 teaspoons cream of tartar 3-1/2 cups confectioners sugar In a large bowl, beat the egg whites until they begin to foam. Add the cream of tartar and beat until the whites are stiff but not dry. Gradually beat in the confection-ers sugar, beating for about 5 minutes un-til it reaches spreading consistency. Keep it covered and refrigerated until needed. The Assembly Pipe out the icing on the bottom and one end of one long wall and one short, put them together at a 90-degree angle, and hold them in place on cardboard with cans. Repeat with the remaining two walls, running a line of icing glue along the corners so that all the walls are glued together. Again hold walls in place until icing is dry. Let the roofless house dry at least 30 minutes until the icing is firmly set. Run a thick line of icing along one long side of a roof piece. Stick the two roof

sections together at an angle and set the two pieces on top of the house. Make sure that the roof overhang is the same at both ends of the house, although it is okay if it isn't perfect. Hold the roof gently in place until it dries (the pop cans should be the right height to support them). Let dry for half an hour. While the roof is drying, attach the door to the doorway by running a line of icing glue down one side and along the base. Make sure the door is open wide enough to slide a small glow stick inside later (so you can appreciate the stained glass windows).

To attach the chimney, on one side of the roof near the peak, glue one angled piece to the roof. Glue the largest rectangle to the angled piece and then glue the second angled piece in place. Last, glue the smallest rectangle to the other sections. Hide any mistakes under a "snow" of icing. If the pieces aren't exactly even and don't come together with exact precision, don't worry. Major differences can be filed down and smoothed out with sandpaper, and the Royal Icing can act as a filler. Let the house dry until completely solid, preferably overnight. Then you can decorate with a variety of candies in any way you like! And you're guaranteed to have fun! texascooking.com


Bats live in all continents except_____________________. JUMP • 21READ ALL ISSUES at WWW.ISSUU.COM/JUMP-MAGAZINE

ANTARCTICA

1. Romeo: What would it take to make you kiss me under the mistletoe?Juliet: An anesthetic

2. What did the reindeer say before launching into his comedy routine? This will sleigh you!

3. How many ears has Captain Kirk got? Three: the left ear, the right ear, and the final front ear.

4. What do lions sing at Christmas? Jungle bells!

5. What is the purpose of reindeer? It makes the grass grow, sweetie.

6. There were two ships. One was paint-ed red. One was painted blue. They

collided. At last report, the survivors were marooned.

7. Notice on the back: 'Potential choking hazard: do not use with food'.

8. What do you get if you team Santa with a detective? Santa Clues!

9. What do you get when you cross a vampire and a snowman? Frostbite.

10. What did Adam say to his girlfriend on December 24th? 'It's Christmas! Eve.'

11. What did the grape say when the elephant stepped on it? Nothing. It just let out a little wine.

Did You Know?1. Norway: on Christmas Eve all the brooms in the house are hidden because long ago it was be-lieved that witches and mischievous spirits came out on Christmas Eve and would steal their brooms for riding.

2. Christmas became a national holiday in America on June 26,1870

3. Punishment for boys who no longer believe in Santa Claus ? They get clothes for Christmas.


“Sneaking by”Photo by:Betty Ramirez

Thursday, December 8Mid-Valley Lighted Christmas Parade: A Red, White& Blue Christmas 6:00 PM Downtown Weslaco; Texas Call 968-2102 for more infor-mation.

McAllen Main Public Library Grand Opening 10:00 AM Contact:(956) 688-3300. www.mcallenlibrary.net/about/newmain

Amahl and the Night Visitors by South Texas Lyric Opera, South Texas College; Cooper Center (north side of Pecan); 3201 West Pecan Blvd; McAl-len, TX. 956-872-6478.

Monday, December 19Nature Speaker Series The McAllen Great Outdoors Nature Speaker Series is designed to be both education and inspirational. http://www.quintamazatlan.com

Friday, December 23Butterfly Walks 1:30pm – 3:30pm Estero Llano Grande State Parks and World Birding Center 3301 S. International Blvd. Call for more information 956-565-3919

Dragonfly Walks 3:30pm – 4:30pm Estero Llano Grande State Parks and World Birding

Center 3301 S. International Blvd.Call for more information 956-565-3919

Sunday, December 25Nature Tram Tour 2pm – 4pm Estero Llano Grande State Parks and World Birding Cen-ter 3301 S. International Blvd. Call for more information call 956-565-3919 or visit www.theworldbirdingcenter.com

Wednesday, December 28Edinburg Bird Walk8:30am – 9:30am Edinburg Scenic Wetlands and World Birding Center. 714 Raul Longoria Rd., Edinburg TX

Thursday, December 29Tree Walk 4:30pm – 5:30pm Arriving early for the McAl-len Great Outdoors Nature Speaker Series. Join our park naturalist for a brief education-al talk about our native trees! www.quintamazatlan.com

Friday, December 30Stroll Through History Tour 10am – 11am Enjoy a guided tour of the 1930s estate exploring the unique history of one of the largest remaining adobe homes in the state of Texas. www.quintamazatlan.com


Announcements:The Pharr Literacy Project and the South Texas Literacy Coali-tion are offering FREE finan-cial literacy classes. If you answer 'Yes' to one of the following questions, then these classes are for you. Day and evening classes are available. To register, call (956) 783-7746 asap—before classes close (beginning Jan. 10th, 2012.1. Does it get harder to stretch your bud-get to the end of the month?2. Are your credit cards stretched to their limits?3. Is your savings plan down to the last penny? 4. Looking for a job but can’t seem to get your foot in the door?

Already have a job but need more train-ing?6. Tired of being just an employee and want to be the boss?

The Felipa Garcia Family's home burned down earlier this month and they need help. With a family of six, ranging in ages from 5 to 19, an account has been set up at La Joya Area Fed. Credit Union (banks in La Joya, Palm-view and Weslaco). Other donations can be dropped off at the College and Career Center 803 Coyote Drive in La Joya.

Pastor Robert Soto is collect-ing 250 children's coats and blankets for an orphanage in Muzquiz

Mexico, about 2 hours from Eagle Pass. About sixty American Indian children who were abandoned by their parents will re-ceive these coats to keep them warm this winter. Gently worn coats, jackets, sweat-ers and blankets will be received at 1913 Camellia Ave. in McAllen or drop them off at Kaboom Comics (corner of Pecan and 8th) by December 12th, 2011.

The Monitor-Watch for the 12 families that appear in The Monitor yearly before Christ-mas. Many families are still in need of help. One dollar means a lot and so do clothes to keep them warm. I am told that North of Mission, there are families cook-ing outside on campfires.

December 2011

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