Deccan provincial

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1 DECCAN PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE Submitted by- Ragini Sahu Pratibha Verma Submitted to- Ar. Devina Agarwal

Transcript of Deccan provincial

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DECCAN PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE

Submitted by-Ragini SahuPratibha Verma

Submitted to-Ar. Devina Agarwal

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Introduction to Deccan

• Deccan architecture is derived from sultans of Delhi and Persian architecture.• Delhi influence was brought by Sultan Muhammad Tuglaq in 1340 when he shifted to Daulatabad.• Artisans were brought from Delhi.• Rulers arrived from Persian gulf to west of India giving ready access to bahamani kingdom.• First independent ruler Ala-Ud-Din hassan Bahaman Shah was an Persian adventurer from court of Tuglaq.• He established Bahamani dynasty at Gulbarga in 1347.• Final form of Deccan architecture was attained in form of royal tombs approximately 30 in number.• Earliest example is Tomb of Ala-Ud-Din Bahaman which is an imitation of Tuglaqs at Delhi.• Bidar was made capital when Ahmad Shah shifted from Gulbarga to Bidar in 1425.• Bidar monuments show combination of Persian and Delhi elements.• Octagonal drum first appeared in Bidar.• Gulbarga was a fortified city but Bidar also contains palaces.• Third and final phase was Golconda which flourished under Qutub Shahi Dynasty.• Examples from Golconda show the fully developed bulbous dome.

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Deccan Provincial Style(1344-1672)

Gulbarga(1347-1425)

Fortress of Gulbarga

Jami masjid

Haft Gumbaz

Bidar(1425-1512)

Takht palace

Diwan-e-aam

Turkash Mahal

Rangin Mahal

Bahamani tombs

Madarassa of Gawan

Jami Masjid

Golconda(1512-1687)

Qutub shahi tombs

Char Minar

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Gulbarga

• It was built by sultan al-ud-din-bahamani in 1327.• Materials used are granite and lime mortar.• The fort was originally built by raja gulchand and fortified by

Alauddin Hassan Bahaman Shah• Area- 0.5acres(0.2ha) and periphery length-3km(1.9mi.)• It is well fortifies with double fortification.• A 90ft(27.4m) wide moat surrounds the fort.• The fort is a monumental structure highly fortified with 16 towers

mounted with 26 guns each 8m(26ft) high.• Wall is 50ft(15.2m) thick.

• These tombs represent a structural arrangement not found elsewhere with finest example of taj-ud-din-firoz.

• Dimensions-158ft x 78ft. Wall height with parapet- 42ft.• Dome height – 30ft. It is encircled with foliations• Two storey structure with recessed arches, ornamented

and perforated screen.• Foliated merlons with short fluted finials at each corner.• Two stories of arcading in the mortuary chamber.• Tomb is built in double form of two mortuary chambers

one containing cenotaph of king and other of his family

Haft GumbazFortress of gulbarga

Jami masjid

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• Built by Bahamani dynasty with rectangular shape with Mihrab on west end with trefoil arch

• No courtyards and minarets but courtyard arcade of pointed arches on three elevations.

• 27 Vaulted barrel roof above bays Trefoil arch is on Mihrab• Stone masonry with lime mortar• Huge domes- squinches and small dome- pendentives of

archway• It was built in 1367 AD, by a Spanish (Moorish) architect• Can accommodate around 5000 worshippers at once.• It covers an overall area of 38,016 square feet.• It has 250 arches, 140 square pillars.

• Pointed arches with trefoil arch on Mihrab circling the huge dome.

• Interior archways have Moorish stalacite and pendentive bracketing.

• Petal detailing on turrets and small niches with little carving.• Wide spans of these pillars supporting large arches create a

majestic atmosphere. (Matsuo Ara)The mosque has neither a courtyard nor a hauz which are found in traditional mosques.

• The mosque is a mixture of Persian and Indo-Islamic architecture. Resembling mosque in Cordova, Spain and Turkish mosques contemporary to Byzantine.

Jami masjid

Moorish honeycomb work

1 large dome (80ft dia)2 medium corner dome

75 small domes

10 bays oneach side

7 bays oneast end

54m(177ft)

66m

(216

ft)

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BIDAR (1422-1512)Bidar Phase (Bahmani & Barid Dynasties)• Name Bidar comes from ‘bidiru’ which means bamboo. • The area of current Bidar was a bamboo jungle and in the past it called as Bedadakota or Bedarkot (kota/kot means fort).• Sultan Alla-Ud-Din Bahman of the bahamani dynasty shifted his capital from gulbarga TO bidar in 1427.• Built his fort along with a number of islamic monuments.• The style developed under the Bahmani and later the Barid dynasties.

Bidar Fort Built : 15TH CENTURYStyle : Persian architecture.Location: Is situated in BIDAR city of the northern plateau of KARNATAKA, India. Material : Granites and lime mortar.Built by : Ala-ud-din Bahman of Bahmani Sultanate in 1424.• Two mosques with in the fort a madrassa (college ) or Jami masjid(solah khamba ) Seven tomb• Bidar fort has a haphazard rhombus-shaped layout. • The fort is 2.5 miles (4 km) long, 50 ft (15 m) thick wall of laterite stone and trap surrounded by a 30 ft (9 m) deep, 115 ft ( 35 m) wide triple moat • Include within numerous buildings, arches, pavilions, mosques, gateways and gardens.• The fort as Takht Mahal, Tarkash Mahal, Rangeen Mahal, Gagan Mahal, Diwan-I-Am ,water palace and • the north and east, steep cliffs provide natural protection to the moat• Each of the seven gateways in the including the mandu gate of the citadel. Gate 1 - The Mandu Darwaza, the main gate Gate 2 - The Kalmadgi Darwaza, Gate 5 - The Delhi Darwaza, Gate 6 - The Kalyani Darwaza, Gate 7 - The Carnatic Darwaza, Gates 3 and 4 are without a name. Rhombus- shaped

The main entrance

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TAKHT MAHAL • is a throne palace built in 1432• It was the royal residence.• Now only arches of the building remain• its glory this mahal was an excellent example of Persian and

Islamic structure• The place was fully decorated granite, wood and color full

work of mosaic

DIWAN I AM• Is the rectangular public audience hall is supported by

wooden pillars• Ornamentation- jali work and mosaic tiles with calligraphy• Divided in two parts by steps.• Upper part-king and court members and lower part- public

TURKASH MAHAL • It was built in 1432 by Bahamani Rulers • Turkash Mahal it is very good example of Indo-Islamic style

structure• is said to have been built for Turkish wife of the sultan • inside the mahal ,design of floras like mughal style.• Also there is a good view of fort from the terrace. • it is witness of many functions and ceremonies of Bahamani

and Barid time. • There is a room inside the mahal with granite carved design • used for the royal guests and other important members of the

sultanate. • Now this Turkash Mahal is badly collapsed,

RANGEEN MAHALIt • was rebuilt during Barid Shahi period.• Is unique because of its decoration with coloured tiles and

other art work.• Wood carving done there is not only precious but also unique. • The walls of Mahal are adorned with mother-of-pearl of the

finest quality in laid in jet-black stone. • Floral patterns and calligraphic text are also depicted here.• Stone carving, stucco art are other attractions of this

monument.

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Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan(1481)AD

• Built some time in 1481 AD.• Typical Persian university.• The three tired structure- lecture halls library, mosque.• Professors and student rooms arranged around an open to sky• The east is emphasized by tow 100sq ft high Persian minarets on

either side• The rest of outer surface of madrassa are three rows of deep and

severely fromed archs , niches devoid any other sclptural embellishments recesses or projection

NExterior from east

Northeast corner dome,from southwest

Eastern wing of Madrasa

Inside the Madrasa

55m(180’)

62m(205’)

Semi octagonal shaped bastions crowned by a typical tartar dome

Central courtyard 100sq ft

minarets

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Jami masjid(14th c.)

• Build in the 14th century at the time Tughlak and extended later, at that time this mosque is known as Zanana Masjid .

• The Solah Khamba mosque as name shows this mosque is of sixteen pillars • One of the biggest in India also one of the oldest mosque• It is 77ft( 23.46m) wide,295ft( 89.8m)long.• The mihrab in the middel of the liwan is enclosed within a sqare

conpartment over which rises a stiled gulbaga type dome Inside the mosquehypostyle walls in the interior resembling the jama masjid ofkalburgi whch is again built by bahamani kingdom

Mihrab

octagonal basedome 4.25ft (1.3m) dia

Pillar hall

Interior view

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TOMB OF ALI BARID(1579)

bulbous form domeinterior of tomb of ali barid

• Built for ali barid, the third of the barid shahi dynasty of bidar who died in 1579.

• Son of amir barid. • Ruled between 1542-1580.• Instead of being a closed structure like other tomb buildings, it is an open

structure, with a large archways in each its four sides.• The cenotaph, carved in black basalt is visible through the archways.• The architectural composition is simple, except for the elaborate treatment

of the dome, which is beginning to show the bulbous form which would become common in later year.

• The builders, reverting back to the persian principles, treat the building as a base for surface treatment like coloured tiling.

• Two storied gateways which leads to the tomb.• There should be some kind of pathways but non exists today and now we

can see bushes towards it.• Tomb is built in the middle of 30 acre plot of deccan garden.&70 feet high.• Big dome supported by four pillars.• Grand pavilion made by green granite and laterite rock.• Shikhara made of an alloy of gold.

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1) Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb ul Mulk

2) Tomb of Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah

4) Tomb of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah

3) Tomb of Subhan Quli Qutb Shah

5) Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah

6) Tomb of Muhammad 6) Qutb Shah

Golconda

• Ornamentation is done in stucco enfeebling the outlines of the building and confusing the surfaces.

• Richly moulded fanciful pinnacles and flimsy battlements.• Full blown bulbous dome• Double dome practiced leaving a great unused void.• Hanging balcony, perforated panels, merlons and numerous finials.• Architecture succeed from bidar tombs.• Petal motif and maha padma used in tombs• Short minarets in Guldasta motif.• Veranda used to give impression of two storied structure.• They lie about one kilometre north of Golconda's outer wall. • These structures are made of beautifully carved stonework, and surrounded

by landscaped gardens

Qutub Shahi tombs

Bulbous dome

Guldasta motif

Hanging balcony

Two storey

7) Tomb of Abdullah Qutub Shah is the finest example

Square shaped plan

Square reduced to octagonal planCenotaph

Minarets

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Charminar (1591)AD

• It is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad• The beautiful iconic Charminar, a colossus in granite, lime, mortar and pulverised marble• built in 1591 by Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutab Shah of the Qutb Shahi dynasty is• Indo-Islamic architecture style, incorporating Persian architectural elements.• A mosque is located at the western end of the open roof; remaining part of the roof served as a

court during the Qutb Shahi times.• The actual mosque occupies the top floor of the four-storey structure. • The eponymous towers are ornate minarets attached and supported by four grand arches.• The old city of hyderabad was designed with charminar as its centrepiece.• The city was spread around the charminar in four different quadrants and

chambers,seggregated according to the established settlements• Charminar's four fluted minarets are built into the main structure. • There are 149 winding steps to reach the upper floor. • The structure is also known for its profusion of stucco decorations and the arrangement of its

balustrades and balconies• There is also a legend of an underground tunnel connecting the Golla konda fort to Charminar

minarets186ft(57m) height

20m

(66ft

)

Ogee arch of 36ft (11m) span