DECC School - CCS - Amazon S3 · DECC School - CCS 11th November ... E.ON, EDF & Rolls-Royce) –...
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©2015 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
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DECC School - CCS
11th November 2015
Den Gammer, Strategy Manager – CCS
Andrew Green, Programme Manager – CCS
©2015 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
The CCS Chain
Compression and
transport to storage sites
1 – 4 km
Storage in deep underground
geological formations
Capture of CO2 from power
stations & major industrial
sources
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Capture plants – example post
combustion capture
Sask Power, Canada
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Pictures Courtesy of CO2CRC
Cap Rock – impervious to CO2
Aquifer – porous rock layer saturated in brine
The saline store and trapping CO2
CO2 – dense, but buoyant (like oil)
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Why do CCS in the UK?
• Large consumption of fossil fuels
• Storage opportunity offshore – away from people
• UK expertise in geological and offshore sectors
• Complements our nuclear and renewables fleets
– security of supply
– provides clean power “on demand” 24/7
• Can be used with biomass feedstocks
– creates “negative emissions”
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Multiple applications of CCS
CO2 could be used to recover oil in UKs offshore oil industry (EOR)
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Energy Systems Modelling Environment
• Least cost optimisation, policy neutral
• Deployment & utilisation of >250 technologies
• Pathway and supply chain constraints to 2050
• Spatial and temporal resolution sufficient for system
engineering
• Probabilistic treatment of key uncertainties
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CCS reduces system costs in several
sectors (£bn ESME v3.1)
-20.0
-10.0
-
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
2030 2040 2050
Transport
Fuel / resources
Power &conversion
Fuel costs are higher, but there is less need for expensive hybrid vehicles, building retrofits, alternative
(intermittent) generation capacity & transmission infrastructure, resulting in net savings which grow over
time
Net saving
~ £13bn
Net saving
~ £20bn
Net saving
~ £32bn
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Policy and Regulations
International
• UNFCCC level. Paris COP (December) and 10 O&G Companies call for carbon tax.
• China and US bilateral (four CCUS projects)
• China 13th five year plan, 2030 ”peak” commitment, China Carbon Market starts 2017
• S Korea carbon market started.
• US , Pres Obama and the Clean Power Plan
UK
• Policy Scoping Document Aug 2014
• Working towards CfD for CCS
• Promoting Phase 1, Phase 2 CCS concepts
• Continuing support for selected Phase 2 projects – e.g. Caledonia Clean Energy
• Engagement with Industry on CCS, and project funding e.g. Tees Valley
22 Plants in construction or operation, 14 already running
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Capture plants – finance headlines
Additional Cost for CCS
CCGT CCGT/ PC
COAL
PC
COAL
CCS CCS
Capital Cost /kWnet , £ 550 1240 1480 2560
Efficiency LHV,% 58.8 49.9 42.4 32.8
Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE), £/MWh 48 70 56 87
Levelised cost at 40% Load ,£/MWh 70 119 109 178
Levelised cost of Fuel Only ,£/MWh 34 40 21 26
Discounting at 10%, with a 20 year lifetime for gas plant
and 30 years for coal plant. Costs are for mature “nth of
a kind” plant and include a contingency of 25%. The
plants run with an 85% load factor. Gas at £265/te and
coal at £65/te. Carbon at £0/te
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CCS Cost Reduction Task Force Final Report May 2013
Cost Reduction Task Force Findings
28.
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Investability and Risk
Return (Discount Factor,%) 5 10 15 20
LCOE of CCGT w CCS, £/MWh 62 70 78 89
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The effect of return on costs during
CCS rollout (full chain)
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CCS Scenarios 2030
• ETI project to identify how the UK could build CCS to 10GW by 2030
• Three different scenarios
• All scenarios start with build-out from DECC CCS commercialisation projects
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Innovation
• Low risk improvements
to amine technologies
Constructability
Solvent properties
• Improved solvents (not drop in,
e.g. biphasic solvents,
precipitation system)
Ongoing large scale testing
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Innovation – longer term
• Membranes
– Precombustion - used for separating H2 from synthesis gas
– Postcombustion - used for separating CO2 from fluegas
• Adsorbents
– Solid used for both post and precombustion separation
• Oxyfired Systems
– Net Power
• Pure oxygen is used to combust methane – products only water and CO2
• Claims to capture CO2 at no additional expense, when compared to CCGT, so enters
power market in its own right.
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Storage Appraisal: £4M
Capture Economics: £0.5M
MMV Landscape: £0.2M
Mineralisation: £1.4M
(Biomass with CCS: £0.8M)
Hydrogen & Storage: £0.3M
CCS Devl Scenarios £0.1M
Aquifer Brine £0.2M
CCS System Modelling Toolkit: £3M
High Hydrogen: £2M
Turbine & Engine Safety
Thermal Power with CCS: £2M +
Developing a Phase 2 CCS Project
DECC Appraisal: £2.5M
Developing future storage options
Nextgen1: £3M
Pre Combustion Coal
Nextgen 2: £2M
Post Combustion Gas
Aquifer Appraisal: £2M
Funding of NG Project
MMV: £5M
Marine monitoring
Demonstration
Development
Knowledge
Building
ETI CCS Programme
©2015 Energy Technologies Institute LLP - Subject to notes on page 1
UK Storage Appraisal Project
• ETI has delivered, through a £4m investment in the UK Storage
Appraisal Project:
– Realistic, defensible & fully auditable assessment of
potential CO2 storage capacity in the UK
– Overall estimate of capacity
– Unique & comprehensive GIS storage database
• Capacity
• Security of storage
• Economics
• Underlying data
• Database licensed to The Crown Estate and British Geological
Survey
– Launched in 2013, as CO2Stored
– £1M investment from TCE/BGS
– Now available free of charge to all stakeholders
• CO2Nomica
– Tool to estimate costs of CO2 network build out scenarios
– Available to Members
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NG Aquifer Appraisal Project
• ETI provided £2M support to the National Grid programme to
appraise a Southern North Sea aquifer (“Endurance”)
• Drilling successfully completed in August 2013
• Results confirmed quality and capacity of the store
• Site will be used for White Rose demonstration project
• Summary of prior appraisal work and drilling reports available to
Members
– Currently under bespoke confidentiality provisions
– Reports available on Member Portal from January 2016
Images courtesy National Grid
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Strategic UK CCS Storage Appraisal Project
(DECC Appraisal Project)
Secure funding
Commission project
Select 5 stores
Appraise 5 stores
Disseminate results
Q2/16Q4/14 Q1/15 Q2/15 Q3/15 Q4/15 Q1/16
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Selected Portfolio of 5 sites
Selected portfolio
• Regionally distributed
• Significant capacity (1606 Mt)
• Diverse types
• Strong build out from Phase 1 projects
• Good fit with ETI Scenarios
• Enables further build out
Other key messages:
• There are many other candidate storage sites
around the UK with significant storage potential
• “The UK has lots of storage”
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Measurement, Monitoring & Verification
• To replace ship launched AUVs (£45 - £55k/d) with long range AUVs
– existing NOC Long Range AUV platform
• Use a combination of mature technologies in a new system.
• Perform full scale trials to ensure it works.
• Launched 2014 - aim to be proven in time for DECC competition projects
• Project led by Fugro GEOS, with Sonardyne, National Oceanographic Centre, BGS, Plymouth
Marine Labs and University of Southampton
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System Modelling Toolkit Project
• 2.5 year, £3m ETI investment
• Toolkit based on PSE’s gPROMS platform
– Involvement of CCS domain experts
(CO2Deepstore, E.ON, EDF & Rolls-Royce)
– Comprehensive toolkit enabling full-chain models
of CCS systems
• Power generation (coal, gas)
• Capture
• Compression
• Pipeline
• Wellhead & injection
– Steady state and dynamic simulation
– State of the art physical properties engine (gSAFT)
• Project substantially completed in June 2014
• Commercial Product (gCCS) launched in July 2014
• Further development completed in 2014/15 including
Enhanced Oil Recovery Module
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Hydrogen - a clean energy source
Hydrogen Storage & Flexible Turbines
• Use of salt caverns to store hydrogen
• Allows intermittent use of clean energy for
power, or other users
• Alternatives to fossil fuels examined
• Cost effective vs alternatives
• Insights document completed in 20515 –
further work planned in 2016
High Hydrogen
• Understanding limits on safe use of
hydrogen-rich fuels in power production
by GTs and engines.
• Laboratory test work
• Large scale test work in Buxton on
circular duct and model heat recovery
steam generator
25
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Building investor confidence - CCS
• Financing CCS
In partnership with Ecofin Foundation
Working with banks, insurers, developers, IEA, EIB and GIB to build common understanding of strategies to enable private sector financing of CCS
• Commercial development
Contributed to the DECC Cost Reduction Task Force (CRTF)
Leading the UK CCS Commercial Development Group (with Ecofin) to follow up on CRTF recommendations and actions
Supporting the UK CCS Storage Group developing national strategy
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Building Confidence -Sharing Knowledge
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For more information
about the ETI visit
www.eti.co.uk
For the latest ETI news
and announcements
email [email protected]
The ETI can also be
followed on Twitter
@the_ETI
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For all general enquiries
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Gas – a robust place in power generation
Geothermal Plant
Wave Power
Tidal Stream
Tidal Range
Severn Barrage
Hydro Power
Micro Solar PV
Large Scale Ground Mounted Solar
PV
Micro Wind
Onshore Wind
Offshore Wind
Micro CHP
H2 Turbine
Anaerobic Digestion CHP Plant
Incineration of Waste
IGCC Biomass with CCS
Biomass Fired Generation
Nuclear
CCGT with CCS
CCGT
IGCC Coal with CCS
IGCC Coal
PC Coal with CCS
PC Coal
OCGT
Macro CHP
Oil Fired Generation
Interconnectors
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2010(Historic)
2020 2030 2040 2050
GW
Electricity Generation Capacity
DB v3.3 / Optimiser v3.3
GAS
H2