Dec 17, 2013Bell

Work SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Instructions: Answer these questions on your paper What is the chemical symbol for gold? How many protons does each atom of gold have?

Periodic table: Silly Image (Gold Fish)

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THROUGH THE PRESENTATION

Quick Review

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Periodic table A chart of all known chemical elements Shows all the different types of atoms

Purpose To quickly locate a variety of information about a

particular element

How is it organized Organized into rows called periods Organized into columns called groups Arranged in numerical order by the atomic number Also arranged other ways (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, etc)

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Periods: The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them

Per 1

Per 2

Per 3

Per 4

Per 5

Per 6

Per 7

From period 6

From period 7

Periods•The period number tells you the number of electron shells•All elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

The period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has

Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells

Per 1

Per 2

Per 3

Per 4

Per 5

Per 6

Per 7

Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells)

x 5x 6

Legend=protons

=neutrons

=electrons

Period Number and Electron Shells Below is a model of one boron (B) atom (atomic number-5) Notice that it has two electron shells

SPI 0807.9.9 (Per Table)Notes

1st Shell

2nd Shell

Since it has two shells, it is located in the second period of the periodic table

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Again…the period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom hasExample: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells

Per 1

Per 2

Per 3

Per 4

Per 5

Per 6

Per 7

Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells)

Legend=protons

=neutrons

=electrons

Period Number and Electron Shells Below is a model of one sodium (Na) atom (atomic number-11) Notice that it has three electron shells

x 11

x 12

3rd Shell

1st Shell

Since it has three shells, it is located in the third period of the periodic table

2nd Shell

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

There are 18 groupsGroups: the columns are called groups (also called families)

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons are in the outer most shells. Example: Every element in group 1 has only 1 valence electron

These are called the valence electrons

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

1

2 13 14 15 16 17

18

Again, the group number can reveal the number of valence electronsNote: However this only works for groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18

(see below)

This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12

HINT: Remember V =V

V for vertical = V for valence electrons

1

2 13 14 15 16 17

18

For groups 1 to 2:The group number equals the number of valence electronsExample: Every element in group two has two valence electronsFor groups 13 to 18:Subtract 10 from the group number to determine the valence electronsExample: Every element in group 13 has 3 valence electrons (13-10=3)

This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12

Legend=protons

=neutrons

=electrons

Group Number and Valence Electronss Below is a model of one silicon (Si) atom Notice that it has four electrons in the outer shell

x 14

x 14

In other words it has 4 valence electrons

With 4 valence electrons it is located in group 14 of the periodic table