Debate Intro 1
Transcript of Debate Intro 1
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Introduction to
Debate
Lawrence Husick, Esq.
Coach - VOICES
Conestoga High School Speech and Debate
October 7, 2010
2009-10 L. Husick, Esq.
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What is Debate?
Debate is a structured discussion todetermine whether a change is needed
and desirable.Debate happens in:
Congress
Business Meetings
Family Discussions
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Why Structured?
Set order of presentation encourages fulland fair discussion
Time limits focus argumentsDivision of responsibilities bringsefficiency
Separation of presentation, cross-examination and rebuttal brings about
timely decisions
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Benefits of Debate
Improved critical thinking skills
Higher performance on standardized
testsImproved graduation rates
Improved research skills
Higher information/media literacyListening and speaking
Organization
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Types of Debate
Policy (or cross-examination, or CX)Lincoln-Douglas
Public forum
Parliamentary
Formal
Informal
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Policy DebateResolved: The United States federal government should
substantially reduce its military and/or police presence in one ormore of the following: South Korea, Japan, Afghanistan, Kuwait,
Iraq, Turkey.
Two-person team
4 constructive speeches (each withcross-examination period) and 4
rebuttals
8-3-5 timingRelies on extensive research,presentation of formal evidence and
formal theories of argumentation
All debaters must ar ue both sides
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Lincoln-Douglas DebateResolved: The abuse of illegal drugs ought to be treated as
a matter of public health, not of criminal justice. (Nov./Dec. Topic)
One-person team
2 constructive speeches (each withcross-examination period) and 2
rebuttals
Relies on philosophical values,presentation of logical arguments, andfewer formal theories of argumentation
All debaters must argue both sides
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Public Forum DebateResolved: High school Public Forum Debate resolutionsshould not confront sensitive religious issues. (Nov. Topic)Two-person team
4 opening speeches (with 2 crossfireperiods), 2 summaries, grand crossfire, 2
final focus
Relies on general knowledge, clearlypresented reasoning, and qualityrefutation with no formal theories of
argumentation
All debaters must argue both sides
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Parliamentary DebateImpromptu rounds use one of 6resolutions.
Ex: That this house will presume consent for organ donation.
Three-person team3 speeches for and against the motion,plus 2 reply speeches
Points of information encouragedRelies on logical arguments, generalknowledge and clear presentation
All debaters must argue both sides
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Round Structure
Constructive Speeches
Cross Examination Rebuttals
Preparation Time
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Policy Resolution
Deals with a POLICY (duh!)
Advocates a CHANGE in the STATUSQUO
Must be supported by theAFFIRMATIVE through a CASE thatargues for a PLAN
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Stock Issues
Harms Inherency
Solvency Significance
Topicality(sometimes not considered stock)
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Fiat
Literally, let it be so means that theAffirmative Plan is assumed to be put
into effect. Only the actor specified inthe resolution may be fiated.
Means that the Negative may not argueabout whether the Plan would beenacted, just whether it is a good idea.
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How to Remember
Significance, Harms, Inherency,Topicality, Solvency = S.H.I.T.S.
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Negative Case
Stock Issues
Take-outs, Turns, Defense Topicality Disadvantages
Counterplans, Kritiks
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Negation
Proving part of the Affirmative casewrong is a take-out
Proving that an opposite result orimpact occurs is a turn
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Burden of Proof
The Affirmative must support theresolution over the status quo.
The Negative may negate the resolutionor merely support the status quo as the
better alternative. In a counterplan, the
Negative assumes the burden of prooffor the CP.
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Judging Paradigms Stock Issues: Affirmative must win all of the stock issues. For the
negative to win, they only need to prove that the affirmative fails to
meet one of the stock issues.
Policymaker: The judge pretends to be a Congressman. The judgecompares the plan with either the counterplan or the status quo.Whichever one is a better policy option is the winner.
Tabula Rasa: ("blank slate") the judge comes to the round with nopredispositions. They expect debaters to "debate it out", which
includes setting a paradigm.
Speaking Skills/Communications: This type of judge is concerned withgood presentation and persuasion skills. Hypothesis Tester: For the affirmative to win, they convince the judge
to support the resolution. Conversely, the negative must convince the
judge to negate the resolution.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Rasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Rasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_issues -
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Flowing(Yes, you have to!)
Step 1 - Develop your own shorthand. Nearly all debaters speak faster than aperson can write. As you learn common debate tactics and terms, you will develop a
form of abbreviations that works well for you. (T, DA, CP, Inh, Solv, Arrows, etc.)
Step 2 - Draw columns on each sheet of paper. Make one column for each speechthat will be made. Assign each team a color.
Step 3 - One sheet is usually used for introductory material, such as restating theresolution, explaining what the status quo is regarding the topic, defining words in
the resolution, and outlining what course of action the affirmative team proposes.
Each subsequent sheet represents either an advantage of affirmative team's plan or
a disadvantage of that plan (presented by the negative team).
Step 4 - As each speech is given, write down the points made in that speaker'scolumn. If a rebuttal immediately occurs to you, write that down in the column that
represents your team's next speech.
Step 5 - Align rebuttals horizontally on the paper with the arguments against whichthey're being made. If it's not possible to align the arguments horizontally, connect
them with a line on the paper.
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Judging DebateJudge responsibilities:
Initiate the round (differs by event)
Time the round, giving signals to
speakers
FLOW the round (know the argumentsand responses made)
Decide the round (and rank thespeakers)
Give constructive critiques (oral andwritten on the official ballot form)
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Judging Debate
Judge Dos:
Do act professionally and use appropriate language
Do give brief constructive oral critiques without revealing
who won or lost the round
Do write constructive criticism on the ballot, fill it outcompletely, sign it and get it back to the tab table ASAP
Do pay complete attention during the round, time carefullyand flow the arguments
Do judge based on the arguments presented in the round,and not your own knowledge or views
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Tournaments
District 10 Tournaments are Thursdays, from about 3:30 -6:00pm
Come prepared to judge any event, but let us know yourpreferences - we will try to assign accordingly
Bring paper, ball point pens, a timer (if you have an iPhone,download iDebate app for free)
Arrive on time and make sure that tab knows who you are
Start rounds on time, return ballots quickly
Have fun!
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Next Sessions
11-OCT-10@8:00-9:00pm - Parliamentary Debate
12-OCT-10@8:00-9:00pm - CX Affirmative Case Structure
14-OCT-10@8:00-9:00pm - CX Negative Case Structure
TBD - L-D
TBD - PFD
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Thank you!
See you next time
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