Unit 1: Perception

Sensation and Perception (pg 40-41) Answer here:

Key word DefineSensation

Perception

Theories of PERCEPTION

Gibson’s theory of Perception (pg 46-47)

AO1 AO3Define Direct theory: Real-world meaning

(strength or weakness? Why?)

Sufficient information for direct perception: Explain:

Optic flow Patterns: The theory struggles to explain illusions (strength or weakness?

Why?)

Motion Parallax:

The influence of NATURE: Support from the role of nature (strength or weakness? Why?)

Gregory’s CONSTRUCUTIVE theory of Perception (pg 46-47)

AO1 AO3Define CONSTRUCTIVIST theory: Support from cross-cultural research

(strength or weakness? Why?)

Perception is a construction. Explain

Inference: Visual illusions (strength or weakness? Why?)

Visual cues:

Past experience – role of NURUTRE: How does perception start in the first place? (strength or weakness? Why?)

Visual Illusions (pg 40-41)

The Ponzo illusion

Image

The Muller-lyer illusion:

Image

Rubin’s vase

Image

The Ames Room

Image

Visual cues and constancies (pg 42-43)

Define Visual Cues: Define Visual Constancies

Define Binocular Cues: Define Monocular Depth cues:

RETINAL DISPARITY:

CONVERGENCE:

HEIGHT IN PLANE RELATIVE SIZE

OCCULSION LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

Explaining visual illusions (pg 44-45)

Explanation Description Example of an illusion Size Constancy

Misinterpreted depth cues a. Ponzo Illusion:

b. Muller-Lyer illusion:

Ambiguity Necker cube:

Fiction Kanizsa Triangle

Factors affecting Perception: 1) CULTURE (pg 50-51)

AO1Define PERCEPTUAL SET:

Perceptual set is influenced by culture. Explain:

Hudson’s study into the effects of culture on perceptionAim:

Method:

Results

Conclusion:

Evaluation (AO3)

There are flaw’s with cross-cultural research

There are issues with the method that Hudson used in his study

Many of the studies are poorly designed

Strength or weakness? Why?

Strength or weakness? Why?

Strength or weakness? Why?

Factors affecting Perception: 2) EMOTION (pg 52-53)

AO1Perceptual set can also be influenced by your emotions. Explain:

Some studies have that our brains are more likely to notice things that we find exciting, unusual or interesting. Explain:

Other studies have found that it takes longer to perceive something that we find unpleasant. Explain:

McGinnies’ study into the effects of emotion on perceptionAim:

Method:

Results

Conclusion:

Evaluation (AO3)

The study measured EMOTION OBJECTIVELY

Embarrassment not defence

Mixed-results

Strength or weakness? Why?

Strength or weakness? Why?

Strength or weakness? Why?

Factors affecting Perception: 3)MOTIVATION (pg 54-55)

AO1Perceptual set can also be influenced by your MOTIVATIONS. Explain:

Gilchrist and Nesberg’s study into the effects of motivation on perceptionAim:

Method:

Results

Conclusion:

Evaluation (AO3)

Support from similar studies:

Depriving people of food may not be ethical

Aspects of the study are not like real-life.

Strength or weakness? Why?

Sanford (1936) found

Strength or weakness? Why?

Strength or weakness? Why?

Factors affecting Perception: 4) EXPECTATIONS (pg 56-57)

AO1Perceptual set can also be influenced by your EXPECTATIONS. Explain:

Brunner and Minturn’s study into the effects of Expectations on perceptionAim:

Method:

Results

Conclusion:

Evaluation (AO3)

The task was artificial The study used an independent-groups design

However, there are real-world applications of the study

Strength or weakness? Why?

Sanford (1936) found

Strength or weakness? Why?

Strength or weakness? Why?