The experience of the Brazilian Climate

and Health Observatory

Renata Gracie

Christovam Barcellos

Diego Silva

Hegláucio Barros

Vanderlei Matos

Maria de Fátima de Pina

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Direct impact (external causes) of extreme

climate events: heat waves, floods, drought

• Expansion (area) of vector borne diseases

(magnitude)

• Vulnerability of water supply and sanitation

systems and the increasing risk of water

related diseases

• Interaction between atmospheric pollution

and climate increasing risk of respiratory

diseases

Health impacts in Brazil due to

environmental and Climate changes

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Climate factors affect differently the

disease distribution

• Nevertheless, there are other important

determinants of disease, besides climate

• There will be different impacts of climate

on health conditions, depending on social

vulnerability and local conditions

Environmental and Climate changes:

Main health impacts in Brazil

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Schistosomiasis

50.000 cases/year

• Small

temperature

amplitude

• Permanent

rain

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Leptospirosis

3000 cases/year 300 deaths/year

• Summer rain

• Low temperatures

• Rice plantation

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Dengue

• Isotherm 22oC

• demographic density

• entomological

(un)control

500.000 cases/year 40 deaths/year

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Objectives

• Gather available data on climate, environment, society and health

• Provide situation analysis, as well as identification of trends and patterns of climate and health conditions.

• Semi-qualitative graphs and maps

• Contribute to national alert systems and monitor health emergency situations associated to extreme climate events

• Support research & development on climate and environmental changes and health effects

• Promote active participation of citizens in the debate of climate and environmental changes and health effects (news, comments, photos)

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Start-up: 2009

• 2009-2011 workshops with data producers,

users, and environmental and health

scientists.

• What diseases & health events, to monitor?

• What, and how, data to collect?

• What indicators to produce and how to store it?

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Databases: many, free of charge, but

not easily found and hard to understand

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Architecture of the Brazilian

Climate and Health Observatory

Risk Models Integrated databases

EIS Environmental Information System

HIS Health Information System

CIS Climate Information System

SIS Socio-demographic Information System

Population, Migration, Vulnerability

Raw data (precipitation, temperature)

Prevision

Disease notification Hospitalization, Mortality. Time series

Images Forest fires, Land use Land coverage

Data

Theory Experiments

Communication

Policy makers Warning systems

Citizen Permanent information

Specialists Data, tools

News Evidences Events Photographs

Analysis

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015 User “Mediator” Data servers

Malaria incidence,

rainfall and deforestation

in a specific area?

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

• Water

• Air

• Vectors

• Extreme events

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

• Indicators

• Water

• Air

• Vectors

• Extreme events

• Related Indicators

• Search

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Indicators, data sources and meta-

data

• Indicators

• Water

• Air

• Vectors

• Extreme events

• Related

Indicators

• Search

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Health provision

facilities (CNES)

Climate models

Cartographic

databases

Availability of maps in the Brazilian

Climate and Health Observatory

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Intense rains - Seasonality and

trends

Afected Frequency

Vulnerability

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory

www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Evaluate the local contexts of relations between climate change and health issues.

• Localized and more depth studies - validate and establish parameters for modeling the behavior of diseases at national level

• Monitor trends of some environmental and health problems over the next few years.

Sentinel sites by biomes

Amazon: Water related diseases

Semi-arid: drought, famine, migration

Savannah : Forest fires and respiratory diseases

Rain forest: Vector transmitted diseases

South: Extreme events and external causes of mortality

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Two severe and

consecutive floods

Manaus, June 2012

unprecedented flood

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Sentinel site Porto Velho: Forest

fires and respiratory diseases

• Elderly hospitalization

by respiratory diseases

• Air quality (O3, PM2.5 and

CO)

• Expansion of economic

frontier

• Climate changes - dryer

seasons

• Forest fires – Induction

and propagation

• Increasing social

vulnerability –

Migration

Brazilian Amazon

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

Hospitalization by diagnosis (ICD-10) of

flooded area residents in Santa Catarina

(southern Brazil), 2008

Health services collapse

Pregnancy, child-bird

Cerebrovascular

diseases

Traumatisms

Infectious diseases

Cancer

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• French-Brazilian frontier

• Vector borne diseases

• malaria, dengue and chikunguny

International transfrontier

sentinel site

Autochthone cases

Imported from Guyane (FR)

Malaria incidence

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Climate and health relations are rarely…

• Immediate

• Important time gaps between exposure and effects, health events and registers, climate (slow ) alterations and health consequences

• Direct

• There are social, political, environmental and economic processes mediating the consequences of climate on health problems.

• It is a vital task to identify these mechanisms.

• Local

• Global processes can produce different consequences in local contexts, depending on local vulnerability.

• Climate change and health effects belong to different scales.

• Apolitical

• The whole debate is permeated by pressure groups, fake scientists, lobbyists, etc.

• Media is an important forum.

Major methodological issues

Our common future

under climate

change

Paris 7-10 July 2015

• Thank you for your attention

Aknowledgements

• Sponsors

• Partners