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Cu 1:

a. Vs h thng sx ging cy trngb. Phn tch cc g sx ging cy trng

Tr li:

a. S h thng sx ging cy trng:

i tr

b. Cc g sx ging: G1 : sx ht ging siu nguyn chng- Ht ging SNC l ht ging c cht lng v thun khit rt cao.- G ny c nhim v duy tr, phc trng v sx ht ging SNC. G 1 c thc hin

cc x nghip, cc trung tm sx ging chuyn trch.

G 2: SX ht ging nguyn chng t SNC.- Ht ging nguyn chng l ht ging cht lng cao c nhn ra t ht ging

SNC.- G ny c tin hnh cc cng ty hoc cc trung tm ging cy trng. G 3: Sx ht ging xc nhn- Ht ging xc nhn c nhn ra t ht ging nguyn chng cung cp cho nng

dn sx i tr.- Sx ht ging xc nhn c thc hin cc c snhn ging lin kt gia cccng ty, trung tm v c ssx.

Htging SNC

XN

NC

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Nhn

gingTh

nghim

SNC

Cu 2:

a) Vs sn xut ging cy t th phnb) So snh s khc nhau gia s phc trng v s duy tr cy t th phn

Tr li

a)Vs

Sn xut ht ging theos duy tr cy tth

phn

S sn xut ging theo s phc trng cy tth phn

Vt liu khi u

SNCSNC

NC

XN

Ht SNC, Ht tc gi

NC

XN

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b)So snh- s sn xut ging theo s duy tr chqua nh gi dng ln 1 v chn

ht ca dng lm ht SNC, ly ht SNC nhn ging NC. Sau sn xut htging xc nhn t ging nguyn chng

- s sn xut ging theo s phc trng tri qua 2 ln nh gi dng.Sau so snh ging v chn ht SNC phc trng. Nhn ht ging NC tht SNC. Sau sn xut ht ging xc nhn t ht ging NC.

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Cu 3 :vs sn xut ging cy th phn cho

So snh s sn xut ging cy t th phn,th phn cho v cy nhn ging vtnh.

S sn xut ging

cy trng th phn cho. s phc trng cy t th phn

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S sn xut ging cy nhn ging v tnh.

SO SNH

So snh quy trnh sn xut ging 3 nhm cy trng

p n:

Cy t th phn Cy th phn cho Cy nhn ging v tnhGing Qua 3 giai on: SNC, NC, XNkhc - Vt liu khi

u l ht tc gi,ht nhp ni hocht thoi ha- Khng i hiyu cu cch licao

- Vt liu khi ul ht SNC, ht tcgi- Yu cu cch linghim ngt

- Vt liu khi u l thhv tnh t tiu chuncp SNC.- Khng yu cu cch li.

CHN VT LIU

Kh trng

To chi

To r

TRNG M TRONGCy vo mi trng

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Cu 4:

a/ Nu c skhoa hc ca phng php nui cy m t bo

b/Ly vd minh ha v qui trnh nui cy m tbo i vi ging cy trng

Bi lm

a/ C skhoa hc ca phng php nui cy m tbo:

- T bo thc vt c tnh ton nng:Bt c t bo no hoc m no thuc c quan nh: r, thn , l u cha h genquy nh kiu gen ca loi . Chng u c khnng sinh sn v tnh tothnh cy hon chnh nu c nui trong mi trng thch hp.

- C th thc vt l mt h thng bao gm nhiu c quan c chc nng khcnhau, c hnh thnh t nhiu t bo khc nhau. Tt c cc tbo ny u cchung ngun gc l t bo hp t.

- giai on u t bo hp t phn chia thnh cc tbo phi sinh cha mangchc nng chuyn bit. Sau t bo phi sinh tip tc bin i thnh cc t

bo chuyn ha c hiu cho cc m, cc c quan khc nhau. S chuyn hacc t bo phi sinh thnh cc tbo chuyn ha m nhn chc nng khcnhau gi l s phn ha t bo.

- Tbo phn ha thnh cc t bo chuyn bit c chc nng khc nhaukhng mt i khnng bin i ca mnh. iu kin thch hp chng li c

th trv dng phi sinh v phn chia mnh m. Qu trnh ny c gi lphn phn ha t bo.

- K thut nui cy m t bo l k thut iu khin s pht sinh hnh thi ca tbo thc vt mt cahcs nh hng da vo s phn ha, phn phn ha trnc stnh ton nng ca t bo thc vt khi c nui cy tch ri trong iukin nhn to, v trng.

b/Ly vd minh ha v qui trnh nui cy m tbo i vi ging cy trng

V d quy trnh l thut nhn nhanh chui:

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Chi chui

Kh trng HgCl2 0,1% trong 10 pht

Mu sch

MS + BAP 6ppm + 2,5% sacaroza

+ 0,6% agar + 15% nc da

To chi

MS + 2,5% sacaroza + 0,6% agar +15% nc da + than hot tnh 1 g/lt

To r

t xp nh

Thch ng vi iu kin t nhin

Vn m

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Cu 5:

a, Nu ngha ca quy trnh nhn ging bng phng php nui cy m t bo

b, Trnh by quy trnh nhn ging cng ngh nui cy m t bo

Tr li

a, Nu ngha ca quy trnh nhn ging bng phng php nui cy m t bo

- C th nhn ging cy trng quy m cng nghip k ctrn cc i tng kh nhnging bng phng php thng thng. Vd: hoa lan.

- C h s nhn ging cao.

- Cho ra cc sn phm ng nht v mt di truyn.

- Nu nguyn liu nui cy sch bnh th sn phm nhn ging hon ton sch bnh.

b, Trnh by quy trnh nhn ging cng ngh nui cy m t bo

-Chn vt liu nui cy:

+L t bo ca m phn sinh.

+Khng b su bnh (virut) c trng trong bung cch li trnh hon ton ccngun ly bnh.

- Kh trng:

+ Phn ct nh sinh trng ca vt liu nui cy thnh cc phn t nh.

+ Ty ra bng nc sch v kh trng.

- To chi trong mi trng nhn to:+Mu c nui cy trong mi trng dinh dng nhn to to chi, tc l ti to

cy tcc nh sinh trng

+ Mi trng dinh dng nhn to thng dng l mi trng MS ( Murashige v

Skoog)

-To r:

+ Khi chi t chun kch thc (v chiu cao) th tch chi v cy chuyn sang mitrng to r

+ B sung cht kch thch sinh trng ( NAA, IBA)

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-Cy cy vo mi trng thch ng

Sau khi chi cy ra r, cy cy vo mi trng thch ng cy thch nghi dn viiu kin t nhin.

-Trng cy trong vn m:

Sau khi cy pht trin bnh thng v t tiu chun cy ging, chuyn cy ra vn m.

S : Quy trnh cng ngh nhn ging bng cng ngh nui cy m t bo

*ng dng nui cy m: Nhn nhanh c nhiu ging cy lng thc, thc phm(la chu mn, khng o n, khoai ty,supl, mng ty...), ging cy nng nghip (ma,

CHN VT LIU

KH TRNG

TO CHI

TO R

CY CY VOMI TRNGTHCH NG

TRNG CYTRONG VN

M

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c ph...), ging cy hoa (cm chng, ng tin, lili...), cy n qu (chui, da, duty...), cy lm nghip(bch n keo lai, thng, tng, trm hng...

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Sdng v bo vt trng

Cu 1: Thno l keo t. Trnh by cu to v ngha ca keo t trong trng trt

Tr li :

1.1. Thno l keo t:Keo t l nhng phn tc kch thc khong di 1m, khng ha tan trong ncm trng thi huyn ph

1.2. Cu to ca keo t :Mi mt ht keo c mt nhn. Lp phn t nm pha ngoi ca nhn phn li thnhcc ion vo to ra lp ion quyt nh in. Nu lp ny mang in m th keomang in m. Nu lp ny mang in dng th keo mang in dng. Phangoi lp ion quyt nh in l lp ion b

(gm 2 lp: lp ion bt ng v lp ion khuch tn ) mang in tri du vi lpion quyt nh in

a, b,hnh : s cu to ca keo t

a, keo m; b, keo dngKeo t c khnng trao i ion ca mnh lp ion khuch tn vi cc ion cudung dch t. y chnh l c sca strao i dinh dng gia t v cytrng.

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Cu 2 : a) th no l phn ng ca dung dch t?

b) Trnh by cc loi phn ng ca dung dch t ?

Tr li

a) Phn ng ca dung dch t ch tnh chua , kim hoc trung tnh ca t . Phnng dung dch t do nng H+ v OH- quyt nh. Nu [H+ ] > [OH- ] t c phn ngchua , [H+ ] = [OH- ] t c phn ng trung tnh v [H+ ] < [OH-] t c phn ng kim.b) Cc loi phn ng ca dung dch t1. Phn ng chua ca tCn c vo trng thi ca H+ v Al3+ trong t , chua ca t c chia lm 2 loi .- chua hot tnh l chua do H+ trong dung dch t gy nn. chua hot

tnh c biu th bng pH ca H20 .

+ pH ca t thng t 3 n 9 . t lm nghip phn ln l chua v rt chua, tr spH thng nhhn 6.5. t nng nghip, trt ph sat rung tnh t chua, t mn kim,cc loi t cn li u chua. c bit hot ng rt chua, pH thng nhhn 4.

- chua tim tang l do chua do H+ v Al3+ trn b mt ko di gy nn.2) Phn ng kim ca t

mt s loi t c cha cc mui kim Na2CO3, CaCO3.

Phn ng ca dung dch t rt c ngha trong sn xut nng, lm nghip. Da vophn ng ca t nta b tr cy trng cho ph hp , bn phn, bn vi ci to phnhiu ca t.

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Cu 3:

a)Phn tch nguyn nhn hnh thnh t xm bc mu?b)Trnh by tnh cht, hng ci to vsdng t xm bc mu?

Tr li:a)Nguyn nhn hnh thnh t xm bc mu:

- t xm bc mu c hnh thnh vng gip ranh gia ng bng vtrung du min ni, a hnh dc thoi nn qu trnh ra tri cc ht st,keo v cht dinh dng din ra mnh m.

- Loi t ny c dng trng la lu i vi tp qun canh tc lchu nn t b thoi ha nghim trng.

- nc ta, t xm bc mu phn b rng ri cc vng trung du Bc B,ng Nam B v Ty Nguyn.

b) Tnh cht, hng ci to v sdng t xm bc mu:* ) Tnh cht:- t xm bc mu c tng t mt mng. Lp t mt c thnh phn c giinh: t l ct ln, lng st, keo t. t thng b kh hn.- t chua hoc rt chua. t ngho cht dinh dng, ngho mn.- Slng vi sinh vt trong t t. Hot ng ca vi sinh vt t yu.*) Hng ci to:

Tt c cc bin php ci to nhm ci thin cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc vsinh hc ca t. C nhiu bin php ci to t xm bc mu. Di y l mts bin php ci to chnh:- Xy dng bvng, btha v h thng mng mng, bo m ti, tiu

hp l.- Cy su dn kt hp bn tng phn hu c v bn ohaan ha hc (N,P,K)

hp l.- Bn vi ci to t.- Lun canh cy trng: Lun canh cy hu, cy lng thc v cy phn

xanh.* ) Sdng t xm bc mu:

Do c hnh thnh a hnh dc thoi thot nc, thnh phn c giinh, d cy ba, nn t xm bc mu thch hp vi nhiu loi cy trngcn.

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Cu 4

a) Phn tch nguyn nhn hnh thnh t xi mn mnh tr si b) Trnh by tnh cht, hng ci to v sdng t xi mn mnh tr si

Tr lia) Nguyn nhn hnh thnh t xi mn mnh tr si

- Xi mn t l qu trnh ph hy lp t mt v tng t di do tc ng canc ma, nc ti, tuyt tan hoc gi

- Nguyn nhn chnh gy xi mn t l lng ma ln v a hnh dc: Nc ma ri vo mt t ph vkt cu t. Ma cng ln lng t b

bo mn, ra tri cng nhiu.

a hnh nh hng n xi mn, ra tri t thng qua dc v chiu didc. dc cng ln, dc cng di tc dng chy cng mnh, tc ximn cng ln. Do b ra tri, bo mn mnh nn tng mn rt mng, ctrng hp mt hn, trn b mt cn tr xi .

b) Tnh cht, hng ci to v sdng t xi mn mnh tr si - Tnh cht

Hnh thi phu din khng hon chnh, c trng hp mt hn tng mn St v limon b cun tri i, trong t ct, si chim u th t chua hoc rt chua, ngho mn v cht dinh dng Slng vi sinh vt t t, hot ng ca vi sinh vt t yu

- Hng ci to v sdng+) Bin php cng trnh

Lm rung bc thang: rung bc thang l nhng gii t nm ngang sndc. Cc di t ny dng canh tc v c bo v bng cc bt hoc.

Thm cy n qu: thm cy n qu l dng khng lin tc ca rung bcthang. Khong cch gia hai hng cy n qu cy trng c hoc hu

bo vt .+) Bin php nng hc:

Bin php nng hcbao gm:

Canh tc theo ng ng mc Bn phn hu c kt hp vi phn khong (N, P, K) Bn vi ci to t Lun canh v xen canh gi v cy trng

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Trng cy thnh bng ( di ) Canh tc nng, lm kt hp Trng cy bo vt. c bit l trng v o v rng u ngun. i vi

t xi mn mnh tr si , bin php quan trng hng u l trng cy

phxanh t.

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Cu 5 :

a. Phn tch nguyn nhn hnh thnh t mnb. Trnh by tnh cht,hng ci to v sdng t mn

Tr li

a. Nguyn nhn hnh thnh t mn:- t mn l loi t c ch nhiu cation natri hp ph trn b mt keo t v

trong dung dch t.- t mn c hnh thnh do tc ng ca nhiu yu t. nc ta, t mn

c hnh thnh do hai nguyn nhn chnh:+ Do nc bin trn vo+ Do nh hng ca nc ngm.v ma kh, mui ha tan theo cc mao

qun dn ln lm t nhim mn.- t mn nc ta c hnh thnh vng ng bng ven bin.b. Tnh cht, hng ci to v s dng t mn:

- Tnh cht:+ c thnh phn c gii nng. T l st t50% n 60%.t cht, thmnc km.Khi bt t do ,dnh.Khi bkh, t co li, nt n, rn chc,kh lm t.+ Cha nhiu mui tan di dng NaCl,Na2SO4 nn p sut thm thu cadung dch t ln, lm nh hng n qu trnh ht nc v cht dinh

dng ca cy trng.+ t c phn ng trung tnh hoc kim yu+ Hot ng ca vi sinh vt t yu.

- Bin php ci to:+ Bin php thy li: p ngn nc bin, xy dng h thng mngmng ti,tiu hp l.+ Bin php bn viSau khi bn vi mt thi gian, tin hnh tho nc ra mnSau khi ra mn, cn bn b sung cht hu c nng cao ph nhiu

cho t+ Trng cy chu mn: Trng cy chu mn gim bt lng natri trongt, sau s trng cc cy trng khc

- S dng t mn:+ Sau khi ci to c th trng la,trng ci+s dng mrng din tch nui trng thy sn+ Vng t mn ngoi cn trng rng git v bo vmi trng.

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Cu 6. Phn tch nguyn nhn hnh thnh t phn. Trnh by tnhcht, hng ci to v sdng t phn.

Bi lm

a) Nguyn nhn hnh thnh t phn nh sau:t phn l loi t c hnh thnh vng ng bng ven bin c nhiu xc sinhvt cha lu hunh. Cc xc sinh vt ny b phn hy gii phng ra lu hunh (S).Trong iu kin ym kh, lu hunh s kt hp vi st (Fe) trong ph sa tothnh hp cht pyrit (FeS2). Trong iu kin thot nc, thong kh, FeS2 b oxyha hnh thnh axit sunphuric (H2SO4) lm cho t chua trm trng. V vy tngcha FeS2cn c gi l tng sinh phn.

b) Tnh cht, hng ci to v s dng t phn Tnh cht

- t phn c thnh phn c gii nng. Tng mt khi kh trthnh cng, cnhiu vt nt n.

- t rt chua. Tr spH thng nhhn 4,0. Trong t c nhiu cht chi cho cy trng (Al3+; Fe3+; CH4; H2S).

- t c ph nhiu thp.- Hot ng ca vi sinh vt t yu.

Bin php ci to t phn ci to t phn, ngi ta thng dng cc bin php sau y:

- Bin php thy li: Xy dng h thng knh ti, tiu nc thau chua,ra mn, x phn (ra phn) v h thp mch nc ngm.

- Bn vi kh chua v lm gim c hi ca nhm t do (Al3+). Khi bn vivo t s xy ra cc phn ng sau:

- Bn phn hu c, m, ln v phn vi lng nng cao ph nhiu cat.

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- Cy su,phi i: Cy su, phi i cho qu trnh chua ha din ra mnh,sau nhnc ma, nc ti ra phn.

- Ln lip (lung): Lt p t thnh lung cao. Lm nh vy lp t phn di c lt ln pha trn, gc r, c di b p xung to thnh lp m

hu c, hai bn lip c hai rnh tiu phn. Khi ti nc ngt vo lip, chtphn c ha tan v tri xung rnh tiu.

S dng t phn- Hin nay t phn c s dng trng la. trng c la, ng bng

sng Cu Long nhn dn s dng phi hp cc bin php sau: Cynng, ba sc, ginc lin tc, thay nc thng xuyn

- Trng cy chu phn.

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Sdng v sn xut phn bn

Cu 1:

a. Th no l phn ho hc?b. Nu c im v cch sdng phn ho hc?

Tr li

a.Phn ho hc l loi phn bn c sn xut theo quy trnh cng nghip. Trong qutrnh sn xut c s dng 1 s nguyn liu t nhin hoc tng hp. Tu thuc vo nguyntdinh dng c cha trong phn bn, phn ho hc c thl phn m, ln , cni, luhunh, bo Phn ho hc c thl phn n( cha 1 nguyn tdinh dng) ,phn anguyn t( cha 2 hoc nhiu nguyn tdinh dng).

b.c im v cch sdng phn ho hc:

*. c im:

- Phn ho hccha t nguyn tdinh dng, nhng t l cht dinh dng cao.

- Phn ln phn ho hc d ho tan (tr phn ln) nn cy d hp th v cho hiu qunhanh.

- Bn nhiu phn ho hc, bn lin tc nhu nm, c bit l phn m v phn kali d

lm cho t ho chua.

*. Cch sdng:

- Do c t ldinh dng cao, d ho tan v hiu qunhanhnn phn m, kali dung bn thc l chnh. Phn m, kali cng c thdung bn lt nhng phi bn vi lngnh.

- Phn ln kh ho tan nn dung bn lt, c thi gian cho phn bn ho tan.

- Bn phn m, kali nhiu nm lin tc t s b ho chua, v vy sau nhiu nm bn

phn m, kali, cn bn vi ci to t.

Phn hn hp NPK c thdung bn lt hoc bn thc. u im ca loi phnbn ny l bn 1 ln cung cp c 3 nguyn tnit, photpho v kali cho cy trng. do miloi t, mi loi cy trng c lng cha v nhu cu khc nhau vnit, photpho, kalinn phn hn hp NPK c sn xut ring cho cc loi t, cc loi cy trng.

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Cu 2

a. Th no l phn hu cTt c cc cht hu c vi vo t duy tr v nng cao ph nhiu ca t ,m bo cho cy trng c nng sut cao, cht lng tt c gi l phn hu c .

b.Nu c im phn hu c- Phn hu c c cha nhiu nguyn tdinh dng ta lng, trung lng v

vi lng.- Phn hu c c thnh phn v t l cht dinh dng khng n nh.- Nhng cht dinh dng trong phn hu c cy khng s dng c ngay m

phi qua qu trnh khong ha cy mi s dng c. v vy, phn hu c lloi phn bn c hiu qu chm.

- Bn phn hu c lin tc nhiu nm khng lm hi t.c. Cch s dng phn hu c

Phn hu c dng bn lt l chnh , nhng trc khi s dng cn phi chohoi mc

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Cu 3:

a) Th no l phn vi sinh vt?b) Nu c im v cch sdng phn vi sinh vt?

Tr li:a)Phn vi sinh vt:

Loi phn bn c cha cc loi vi sinh vt cnh m, chuyn ha ln hoc visinh vt phn gii cht hu c

b)Nu c im vcch sdng phn vi sinh vt:*) c im:- Phn vi sinh vt l loi phn bn c cha vi sinh vt sng. Khnng sng vthi gian tn ti ca vi sinh vt ph thuc vo iu kin ngoi cnh nn thihn s dng ngn.- Mi loi phn bn ch thch hp vi mt hoc mt nhm cy trng nht nh.- Bn phn vi sinh vt lin tc nhiu nm khng lm hi t.*) Sdng:- Phn vi sinh vt c tht trn hoc tm vo ht, rcy trc khi gieo trng.- Phn vi sinh vt c th bn tr tip vo t tng slng vi sinh vt c chcho t.

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Cu 4

a) Phn tch nguyn l sn xut phn vi sinh vtb) Nu c im v cch sdng phn vi sinh cnh m.

Tr li

a) Nguyn l sn xut phn vi sinh vt- Cng ngh vi sinh vt nghin cu khai thc cc hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt

sn xut ra cc sn phm c gi tr phc vi sng v pht trin kinh t, xhi.ng dng cng ngh vi sinh, cc nh khoa hc to ra cc loi phn vi sinhvt khc nhau phc v sn xut nng nghip.

- Nguyn l sx vi sinh vt , khi sx `1 loi phn vi sinh no , ngi ta nhn sau phi trn chng vi sinh vt c hiu vi mt cht nn. Bng cng nghny, ngi

ta sn xut c cc loi phn vi sinh vt cnh m, chuyn ha ln v phnvi sinh vt gii cht hu c trong t.b) Phn vi sinh cmnh m- c im

+ C cha cc nhm vi sinh vt cnh nito t do sng cng vi cy hu hocsng hi sinh vi c la v mt s cy trng khc.+ Thnh phn chnh ca loai phn bn ny gm: than bn, vi sinh vt nt sn chu, cc cht khong v nguyn tvi lng.

- Cch s dng:+ Dung tm ht ging trc khi gieo hoc bn trc tip vo t.+ Tm ht ging cn c tin hnh ni rm mt, trnh nh hng trc tip canh nng mt tri c th lm cht vi sinh vt . Sau khi tm, ht ging cn cgieo trng v vi vo t nga.

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Bo v cy trng

Cu 1: iu kin su bnhj hi pht trin thnh dch trn ng rung

Cc yu tnh hng n sinh trng v pht trin ca su bnh hi cy

trng

bnh trn ng rung- C sn trn ng rung- C t ging cy trng- Trong phn bn- Cn trng trn ng rung

Yu tnh hng n sdinh trng v pht trin ca su bnh hi cy trng- iu kin kh hu t ai

+ Nhit Nhit mi trng nh hng ln n ssinh trng v pht trin casu bnh hi cy trng. Nhit cng cao su bnh hi sinh trng cngnhanh v mnh trong gii hn cho phpMi loi su hi thch ng vi 1 loi su hi nht nh, ngoi ngng nysu c th b cht hoc ngng hot ng+ m khng kh v mam cng cao su bnh hi pht trin cng mnh. Lng ma nh hngn s pht sinh v pht trin ca su bnh hi cy trng.

Lng ma v m khng kh cao gip cho su bnh hi pht trin tt.Ngoi ra lng ma v m cn nh hng n su bnh hi thong quangun thc n+ iu kin t aiTy tng loi t m cy bnh c th nhim su bnh hi khc nhau Trnt chua cy trng km pht trin d mc bnh tim la+ iu kin ging cy trngS dng ging b nhim su bnh hi t ht v cy non. Do chchmsc, ti tiu, phn bn, thuc trsu

Bn phn ko ng cch , ko hp l, ko ng thi imDo iu kin kh hu thi tit gy nn

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Cu 2:

1. Nu nh hng ca thuc ha hc bo v thc vt n qun th sinh vt ? Thuc ha hc bo v thc vt thng c phc rt rng vi nhiu

loi su bnh . V vy chng c s dng rt linh ng ( mt loi

thuc c th dng cho nhiu loi cy trng,nhiu loi su bnh, bnhhi , ). Mt khc tng hiu qu tr su, bnh hai, thuc ha hc bov thc vt thng c s dng vi nng cao hoc tng lng cao. Cch s dng nh vy nhiu khi lm cho thuc bo v thc vt tcng n m t, bo ca cy trng gy ra hiu ng chy, tp l, thn,lm nh hng ti sinh trng, pht trin ca cy dn ti gim nngsut v cht lng nng sn.

Khi s dng khng hp l, thuc ha hc bo v thc vt c tc ngxu ti qun th sinh vt c ch trn ng rung, trong nc, trong t,

lm ph vcn bng n nh ca qun th sinh vt. Lm xut hin cc qun th dch hi khng thuc. Vic s dng mt s

loi thuc lin tc hoc nhiu loi thuc c tnh nng gn ging nhaul iu kin hnh thnh cc dng dich hi t bin c khnng chung cao vi thuc ha hc bo v thc vt

2. Trnh by nhng bin php hn chnh hng xu ca thuc ha hc bov thc vt n qun th sinh vt v mi trng xung quanh ?

hn chnh hng xu ca thuc ha hc bo v thc vt n qunth sinh vt v mi trng xung quanh, khi s dng cn tun th cc

nguyn tc su: Ch dng thuc ha hc bo v thc vt khi dch hi ti ngng gy

hi. S dng cc loi thuc c tnh chn lc cao, phn hy nhanh trong mi

trng. S dng ng thuc, ng thi gian, ng nng v liu lng. Trong qu trnh bo qun, s dng thuc ha hc bo v thc vt cn

tun than ton lao ng v vsinh mi trng.

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Cu 3

a. Nu nh hng ca thuc bo vthc vt n mi trng xung quanh.b. Trnh by nhng bin php hn chnh hng xu ca thuc ha hc bo v

thc vt n qun th sinh vt v mi trng xung quanh.

Tr li:

a) nh hng ca thuc bo vthc vt n mi trng xung quanh la:do s dng khng hp l: nng , liu lng qu cao, thi gian cch ly ngn (thi gian t ln phun thuc cui n khi thu hoch sn phm), thuc bo v thcvt gy nhim mi trng t, nc, khng kh v nng sn.- Mt lng ln thuc ha hc bo v thc vt c tch ly trong lng thc,

thc phm. iu ny gy tc ng xu n sc khe ca con ngi v nhiu

loi vt nui.- Ttrong nc, trong t, thuc ha hc bo v thc vt i vo c thng vtthy sinh ( tm, cua, c), vo nng sn, thc phm ( thc go, ng khoai,rau, qu), cui cng vo c thcon ngi v gy ra mt s bnh himngho.

C nhiu trng hp n phi thc phm c d lng thuc ha hc bo v thcvt gy ngc.

b. Trnh by nhng bin php hn chnh hng xu ca thuc ha hc bo v thcvt n qun th sinh vt v mi trng xung quanh.- Ch dung thuc ha hc bo v thc vt khi dch hi n ngng gy hi.- S dng cc loi thuc c tnh chn lc cao; phn hy nhanh trong mi trng.- S dng ng thuc, ng thi gian, ng nng v liu lng.- Trong qu trnh bo qun v s dng thuc ha hc bo v thc vt cn tun

theo cc quy nh an ton lao ng v vsinh mi trng.

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Cu 4

a) Phn tch c ch gy bnh ca virut ln su hib) Th no l ch phm virut trsu? Nu quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ch

phm virut trsu

TR LI

a) C ch gy bnh ca virut ln su hiVirut gy bnh ln su hi din ra qua 3 giai on:- Giai on tim n: ko di t 612 gi, y l giai oncc th vi PIB (

polyhedrosis inclusion body) xm nhp vo trong tbo, cc virion cphng ra, chng tnh vo cc v tr thch hp trn mng nhn t bothnh rut ca su.

-

Giai on tng trng: ko di t 1248 gi, y l giai on tng nhanhca cc virion mi trong dch rut ca su, nhng su tui nh ch 32 gitrong c thsu cha y cc virion trn.

- Giai on cui: l giai on to thnh cc th dng vi, ngha l cc virionc bao bc bi cc protein.

Thi k bnh ca cn trng c th ko di t 37 ngy v qu trnh bnhcn ph thuc vo tui su, iu kin nhit , m v lng thc n khi lynhim.

b) Ch phm virut tr su l: s dng mt s loi virut phng tr mt s

loi su hi

Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ch phm virut tr su

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Cu 5:a) Phn tch c ch gy bnh ca nm phn trng ln su hi

b) Th no l ch phm nm trsu? Nu quy trnh cng ngh sn xut chphm nm phn trng trsu.

Tr li

a) C ch gy bnh ca nm phn trng ln su hiNhng bo t nm phn trng thng bay trong khng kh, khi dnh vo cntrng (su bnh hi) gp iu kin thch hp s ny mm v mc thnh si nmm xuyn qua v kitin. Chng pht trin ngay trong c thcn trng cho nkhi xut hin cc t bo nm u tin. Cn trng phi huy ng ht tt c cc t

bo bch huyt chng , nhng nm phn trng s dng c tboverixin, proteaza v mt s cht khc lm cho t bo bch huyt ca su

khng chng ni nn ln lt b hy dit.Khi c t nm tiu dit ht cc t bo bch huyt cng l lc cn trng bcht.

b) Ch phm nm tr su: l dng cc loi nm gy bnh cho su b, nm cng

pht trin th cc hc quan ca su b cng bp vo thnh c th lm chosu bnh yu dn ri cht.

Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ch phm nm tr suGing thun(beauveria bassiana) mi trng nhn sinh khi( cm, ng,

ng)

Ri mng hnh thnh bo ttrong iu kin thong kh

Thusinh khi nm Sy, ng gi, bo qun.