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Learning Outcomes

By the end of this session, you should be able to:

Use the black-/white-board effectively,Make the most of the overhead projector,

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Why use teaching aids?

Teaching aids are useful to: reinforce what you are saying, ensure that your point is understood, signal what is important/essential, enable students to visualise or experience

something that is impractical to see or do in real life,

engage students’ other senses in the learning process,

facilitate different learning styles.

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30% of what we SEE

We Learn and Retain:

10% of what we READ

20% of what we HEAR

50% of what we HEAR and SEE

Higher levels of retention can be achieved through active involvement in learning.

Practices for Effective Use of Chalkboard

Chalkboard Techniques

1. Write clearly and legibly

2. Have a hard copy of your diagram or outline.

3. Don’t crowd your notes

4. Make use of colored chalk to highlight key points.

11 Practices for effective use of the Chalkboard:

5. Do not turn your back to your class while writing on the board.

6. Start writing from left to right side

7. Provide lines if needed

8. Look at your board work from all corners of the room

9. The curtain on the window may solve the problem on a glare on the chalkboard.

10.Suggest to mount the chalkboard a little concave from left to right

11. For saving the writing, write “Please Save” and cover it with a curtain.

Chalkboard Tips

1. Plan for your board work

2. Give student time to copy

3. Practice drawing diagrams or pictures beforehand

4. Be selective

5. Correcting mistakes

6. Highlight important points

1.Visual Reinforcement

Erase old chalk work completely Structure your board workUse the most visible parts of the boardFollow the 1-10 rule Avoid handwriting or cursive writing Avoid using all capitals Erase with up and down strokes

2. Hands-on Tips

Evaluate Your Board Work

Ask students to let you know whether or not your board work is clear.

Ask a sample students if they get the important points of the class

Erase the board at the end of the class

Chalkboard Techniques:(James Brown)

• Sharpen your chalk

• Stand with your elbow high.

• Use dots as “aiming Points”.

• Make writing between 2 and 4 in. high.

• Use soft chalk

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WHITE-/CHALKBOARD

Advantages No advanced preparation

required, except when displaying a

complex table/chart/ diagram.

Technology is not dependent on electricity or other possible glitches.

Can be used by students for problem-solving, etc.

Disadvantages Time-consuming if you have

a lot to write. Handwriting may be

difficult to read (legibility, size, glare, etc.).

Turn your back on audience. Cleaning the board (chalk

dust, permanent marker, etc.)

Can’t go back to something you’ve erased.

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WHITE-/CHALKBOARD

TIPS Get to the lecture hall early to make sure that the

board has been cleaned. Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser. If you have problems with keeping your writing

level, draw horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and metre stick.

Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance and cover with a piece of newsprint until needed.

Chalkboard Techniques:Don’t talk

to the board

Provide lines if needed for writing exercise purpose

Wipe the board with dampen cloth once a week

Explain the mistake before correcting…

Avoid using all capitals…

Have a hard copy for your diagram… Don’t lean on the board…

A little smile is important in….

STICK FIGURE

A stick figure is a very simple type of drawing made of lines and dots, often of the human form or other animals.

In a stick figure, the head is represented by a circle,

The arms, legs and torso are all represented by straight lines.

However, if one wanted to show emotion, simple additions can provide facial expressions, such as inward-pointing "eyebrows" showing anger, or widened "eyes" for fear, but many stick figures lack noses, mouths, or have no facial features displaying absent or ambiguous emotional expression.

hunting

Stick Figure Groom with GarterGroom Presents Ring to Bride

Chalkboard / Dry Erase Board / Whiteboard

Advantages: Inexpensive, easy to use, widely available

Disadvantages: Chalk dust, may require practice and prep work to use effectively

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Advantages Allows you to prepare all

your slides in advance. Particularly suited for

complex diagrams, charts and illustrations.

Can build up information point-by-point through the use of overlays.

Don’t have to turn your back on the audience.

Disadvantages A blown bulb or power

failure can spoil all your hard work.

Image quality can also be a problem.

Can be disorienting to manipulate transparencies on projector plate.

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Preparing Transparencies By hand, or Computer application (eg. MS PowerPoint, MS

Word, HTML documents) Printing - colour or B/W Printer (laser or inkjet), or Photocopier

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Selecting Text Avoid overcrowding Avoid continuous prose Bullet or numbered points preferred KILLS

Keep It Legible, Lean and Simple

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Please observe the rules prohibiting the

combustion of vegetable material

and the exhalation of noxious fumes in this

auditorium.

NO SMOKING

Keep words to a minimum:

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr.East 20.4 27.4 90.0 20.4West 30.6 38.6 34.7 31.5North 45.9 46.8 45.0 43.9

Tables are best avoided:

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

0

50

100

150

200

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

North

West

East

Use Charts/Graphs instead:

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Choosing a Font Size - minimum 20pt

(5mm high)

Sans serif fonts preferred

Examples: 14 pt Tahoma

20 pt Tahoma

28 pt Tahoma

36 pt Tahoma

Times New Roman Arial Comic Sans

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

Style Notes for Transparencies Allow a margin of 5 cm (2”) all round. Avoid TOO MUCH UPPERCASE TEXT For emphasis, use bold or underlining instead of italics

Keep titles systematic and consistent Justification - left or centred Avoid light text on dark background.

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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

During the Lecture Keep used and unused

slides in separate piles.

Cover the slide with a piece of cardboard and slide it down to reveal text as you go.

Use a pen on the OHP glass rather than pointing to the screen.

Beforehand Get to the room early

to make sure the OHP is working.

Check the aim and focus.

Walk to the back of the room to see whether the smallest print is readable.

Relax (if possible).