dcs training-basic

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM

(DCS)

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM Real Time Executive system Basics..

Historical Perspective• 1959: TRW, RW300 computer, refinery control, 72

temperature, 3 pressure, 26 flow sensors• 1962: ICI, Ferranti computer, 129 valves, 224 sensors• 1963: NASA, flight control system• 1968: PDP (DEC), HP 2100, Data\ General Nova (MSI, LSI):

interrupt based systems, real-time clock, RTOS• 1970+: VLSI, microcomputers, sensors miniaturization• 1985+: distributed real time systems

computer systemsComputerSystem

Batch type Interactive type

InputProgrameProcessing

Output

Interactive Systems•It takes, process inputs

•Processes with prescribed program acts on interventions / interrupts

• Issues desired Output .

•The programming takes Care of the process behavior and patterns

Interactive systemsInteractive system (real-time, reactive, embedded )

Soft real time

Statistical Information for supervision only/ Info only.

"Hard real-time"Where the information is processed in definite time frame with intentions to regulate the process.

Soft real-time systemExample :. time sharing system of A statististical multiplexor

Terminal

Terminal

Terminal

Multiplexor Computer

Definition: hard real-time , event driven, embedded, process driven .

• real-time : "(A) Pertaining to the actual time during which a physical process transpires. (B) Pertaining to the performance of a computation during the actual time that the related physical process transpires in order that the results of the computation can be used in guiding the physical process" [The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical an Electronic Terms].

• real-time system: Any system in which the time at which the output is produced is significant. This is usually because the inputs corresponds to some movement in the physical world and the output has to relate to that same movement. The lag from input time to outout time must be sufficiently small for acceptable timeliness. [The Oxford Dictionary of Computing]

Watchdog timer• The function of watchdog timeris to

ensure that the controller receives the input signals at desired frequency or sampling rate .

• If the signal is not received in defined time frame it issues interrupt command to stop issuing output to process to avoid damage due to loss of communication.

• Some time it de links controller from process ( Trip to manual/ Timed out warning ) and keeps thee system in safe mode or status quo.

processor

Watchdog Timer

Input (t)Output

Controller

Interlock / interrupts

Definition RTOS

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system that guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraint.

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212714,00.html

•It is easy to confuse multitasking with multithreading, a somewhat different idea.

•In a computer operating system, multitasking is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time.

•The operating system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information.

Multitasking




http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci507192,00.html

Reference model• Conceptual Realtime

system has physical process whichworks in real time manner and it has inputs and outputs sent to RT for computation.

Reference

RTS output RTS input

Process

RTS

Inputs Outputs

Function Wise

• Open loop• Data acquisition :Collection od Data with Time

stampings.• Closed loop

Open loop

• Open Loopm controls is unidirectional an

• It either ..– reads

or – Writes back to process

Reference


Process

RTS

Inputs Outputs

Data acquisition• Only RTS inputs

considered Reference


Process

RTS

Inputs Outputs

Closed loopClosed loop control System has following components

•Input

•Output

•Reference or Set Point

•Desired Control characteristic or program

Reference


Process

RTS

Inputs Outputs

Real Time Events• Time Domain:

– Continuous Time related

– Random and irregular

• Regular with certain frequency..( Frequency domain)

Type of event patterns

• periodic pattern: cyclic pattern, with a fixed period

• bounded: next event cannot occur before a given amount of time after a previous event (interarrival time)

• bursty: events may occur arbitrarily close toe each other, but there is a bound on the number of events (burst size) that may occur during a specified burst interval

Event period

Event

Interarrival time

Burst interval

No. of events = burst size

Event

Event

Events 2

• Irregular: interarrival intervals are not constant but are known before the event occurs

• Unbounded: an arbitrary number of events can arrive during any given time window; characterization by a distribution function

t1 t2 t3 t4

Distribution function Probability

Interarrival time

Interarrival time

RTS- Architecture

• Real time software

Structure of RTS - Hardware Controller • It consists of fillowing functional controllers

– Operating softwre – Communication facilities (Bus or Local Area Networking )– Input / Output subsystem

Structure of RTS software• Operating system• Application tasks

application tasks

hardware

operating system

application tasks

physical proces

External events

RTS-software

Role of RTS software• Communication with the environment is defined in terms of external

events: Application Tasks must react to these events;

• The responsibility of OS: execution of tasks in accordance to external events and prescribed schedule;

• Operating System = software (hardware) to facilitate execution of application programs (tasks);

• Tasks request services from the OS (make calls to OS). These are internal events. Examples: activate task, stop task perform a communication, etc.

• Functions of OS: resource management (processor, memory, peripherals, data);

RTOS• OS-resource management + events handling,

• under constraints (predefined time limits);

RTOS activities: uniprocessor system

cycle EventHandling; TaskDispatching endcycle;or

cycle EventHandling endcycle;or

cycle TaskDispatching endcycle;

TaskDispatching: Making a task run

// denotes interleaved execution of both activities

On a uniprocessor system only one task may run a the same time; Scheduling looks at time constraints and decides which task must run;cycle EventHandling; Scheduling; TaskDispatching endcycle;

Before a task can be dispatched (assigned to run) the resources i.e. memory must be assigned to it:cycle EventHandling; Scheduling; MemoryManagement; Assign;endcycle;

RTOS activities: uniprocessor system

Summary• Main activities

– Event Handling– Scheduling– Memory Management– Assignment

Scheduling issues • Ordering of task executions,

• Assignment of tasks to processors,

• Security,

• Protection,

Scheduling is crucial and distinct

Memory management issues• Virtual memory• Swapping of tasks• Sharing of memory (synchronisation, communication)• ROM, RAM, Hard disks• Buffers, pools, queues

File management issues• Standard file operations• Event handling (device management) issues:

– Physical process interfacing

– Interfacing of devices

– Interfacing of non-standard devices

– Absence of disk -> debugging, development

– Host-target approach

Implementation of RTOS• Small executive implements

a number of basic OS functions

• More complex OS-functions are implemented as special (High / Low priority, memory management) tasks

• The interface to OS is formed by System Calls Hardware

Executive (or kernel)

System taskSystem taskSystem taskSystem taskSystem calls interface

RTOS

Application task Application task

Distributed Operating Systems• Distributed OS control a netwerk

of communicating computers;

• Tasks running on the different controllers (computers) have a identical / similar view of the system (Single image)

• Distributed OS hides the complexity of the distributed hardware to the tasks / programmer

Controller HW Controller HW

communication network

Distributed Operating System

task task task task

Implementation of Distributed OS

• Interceptor: distinguishes between local and global operation

• Global executive: coordinate global system calls

• Local part: executes local Local Executive (or kernel)

Communication hardwareComputation hardware

Application task Application task

system call interceptor and emulator

Global executive taskSystem taskSystem task

System taskSystem task

Type of processors •Microcomputers•Programmable logic controllers • Parallel or Multi Processors on a single board / platform ( Client - Sever architecture)•Processing through multiple processors through Networking.

Some examples - Foxboro Foxboro SPEC 200; Philips PCS 8000;

Sensors,

Actuators

Controller

Displays

Operators

Physical Process

S/A

Some examples - TDC 2000, TDC 3000

Field TerminationAssembly

IOP

FTA

UCNI/O Link

INDEPENDENT PROCESSING Multi-processorarchitecture providesguaranteed control

performance.

« No I/O capacitytradeoffs

« No communicationtradeoffs

« Point execution inconfigured intervals

« Intelligent I/Oprocessors

« Extensive diagnostics

Comm.68040

I/O LinkControl

68040

Common Board

FieldWiring

IntelligentI/O Processors(up to 40)

ElectricalConditioning andIsolation

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS)

For Process plants.

• DCS is abbreviation for Distributed Control System

• As is apparent from the abbreviation, the word ‘Distributed’ supports following functionality’s

– Physical Distribution - Nodes or Subsystems can be Distributed i.e located physically apart

– Functional Distribution - Specific Functionality is imparted for a Node basing on the combination of hardware and software used. For e.g Application work-processor with Historian, Application work-processor with control configuration software

– Structural Distribution - Different Structural hardware platforms (Application Workstation processor, Workstation processor, Control processor etc.) are used to achieve the required functionality.

What is DCS ?

• For Total Plant Automation

• For Higher Productivity

• For Optimal Process Control

• For Advance Process Control

• For Regulatory Compliance

• For Management Information System

• In Tune With Global Requirement

WHY DCS ?

Information Processing

Management

P roduction report,Inventory report,

Information &application

S pecific consum ptionreport, Y ie ld and A ccounting

reports and V ariance reportsQ uality insurance reports ( L IM S ) E nv

and po llu tion re la ted R eports

Information Management & reporting H istorians - T rends, E vent recorders D isturbance recorders

OptimisationAdvance Process Control

Hazop/ Risk Management Emergency Shutdow n Systems

Alarm,Monitoring,Control,Regulator ON-OFF,Interlocks

Start-upPermissiveTrips

FIELD : Single Loop ControllersFIELD : Transmitters & field devices -

Sw itches , Control valves

Distributed Control System

Supervisory Control And DataAcquisition System

Programmable LogicControllers

FIELD

ControlSystem

Safety

Optimisation

Information

EnterpriseBusiness

Distributed processing implies that processing will occur on more than one processor in order for a transaction to be completed.

In other words, processing is distributed across two or more machines and the processes are most likely not running at the same time, i.e. each process performs part of an application in a sequence.

Often the data used in a distributed processing environment is also distributed across platforms.

The distribution of applications and business logic across multiple processing platforms

Basic Building Blocks • The constitution of DCS can be broadly divided in to three

parts – Front End presentation or

• MMI - ( Man Machine Interface )

• GUI Graphical User Interface - Operator Graphics

– Control Algorithms and Logic.

• Add Subtract, PID, ON-OFF, AND, OR , NAND , etc.

– Communication • Star

• Ring

• Linear Bus

• Star Wired Ring

Basic Building Blocks Platforms

– Hewlett Packard : ABB – IBM AS 400 : Honeywell, Yokogawa – Sun Sparc series 30 - 80 : Foxboro– Digital (VAX ) Fisher Rosemount

Basic Building Blocks Operating Systems

– HP Unix - ABB– Sun Solaris - Foxboro – Ultrix/ OS 2 - Honeywell – VAX VMS - Fisher Rosemount

Types of databases

• Flat file

• Hierarchical data bases – Parent Child relation ship

• Relational databases

– Oracle

– Ingress

– Informix

– Developer 2000

• Object linked Relational databases

Basic Building Blocks - Control Languages

– Basic– Pascal– C, C++– Fortran 77

Basic Building Blocks - Control algorithms– Analog Input / Output Block

– PID Block / Auto tune PID block

– Digital Input/Output Block

– Calculation Block / Advance Calculation Block

– Characterizer Block

– Comparison blocks - Less than.More than, Equal to.

– Switch blocks

– Data blocks / memory blocks

– Sequence blocks

– Mathematical block

– General Device Block

– Programmable Logic Block

– Motor Operator Valve, Pneumatic Valve control block

Communication

NetworkTopologies

Physical Logical

Star

Ring

LinearBus

StarWiredRing

Tree Ethernet

TokenRing

FDDI

ATM

Communication

Communication802.3: Established the new standard for a LAN that features a Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). This "new" LAN is properly referred to as CSMA/CD, but is more commonly known as "Ethernet."

802.4: Defined a physical layer standard for a bus topology LAN with a token-passing media access method. This LAN is called Token Bus and can operate at 1, 2, 5, or 10Mbps.

802.5: Established the standards for Token Ring's access methods and physical signaling techniques.


Design Basis

DCS Design Basis The entire design has followed the federal constitution of

our country with nominal head and small assisting team

like core group at the top.

Network architecture design is such that, it is functionally,

geographically and administratively well distributed to

have total stability at any point of time.

The DCS design architecture is distributed for: Different business processes.

Work Breakdown Structure

Maintenance & operation organogram of RPL.

Modular design

Ease of erection, commissioning and distributed operation

independent of the Refinery wide LAN.

Extensive use of Fiber Optic:

Since the entire network is distributed over 50 Sq. Km of area

having different earthing resistance for different soils (Rocky to

Marine ), Fiber Optic cable external to the building is used

extensively to facilitate distributed and local grounding of

equipments to..

Avoid loop currents

Ground currents

Parasitic effect of noises like RFI, EMI and cross talks.

DCS Design Basis

DCS Design Basis

Taking care of limitations of hardware, network and software.

All the six systems are connected through PIN for site wide integration

of information.

Real- time data exchange among all the systems using Modbus device

integrators.

Minimum communication load on LAN.

Each plant can be started and shutdown independently.

Expandability of the System at every level .

DCS Design Basis Ease of Software upgradation at node level without

disturbing complex wide operation.

Control I/Os, respective control processor and respective

operator stations are on the same node, thereby minimizing

the traffic on LAN and maximizing the availability of the

system for operation.

RTF, RRTF and Marine Terminal systems are kept on the

same LAN for the purpose of ease of data transfer for

TIS/OMIS/BOSS applications.

Redundancy at all level - be it processors, communication

or power supplies.

DCS Design Basis Emergency Shutdown Systems are integrated with DCS

and Human Interface from DCS.

All third party packages are integrated with the system

through redundant serial link to achieve a single point

operation from DCS i.e 100% measurements parameters

are monitored and controlled from single point.

Remote diagnosis from Foxboro, USA, Holland or

Singapore using dial-up networking / ISDN.

DCS Design Basis Building Block Technology:

The processing is confined within at cell (CP) level so as peer to

peer communication between the processors within the node bus

and across nodebus is minimized. This is achieved by means of:

Proper distribution of the tags in the FBMs.

Allocations of loops within CPs.

Allocation of units at the nodebus level.

Allocation of Operator stations for specific nodebuses.

Provision of hook up for APC application, Optimizer and any third

party application software at any stage of time.

DCS Design Basis Plant Information Network is used for integrating information from

Refinery, Aromatics, MTF, CPP, PP and Port Operations.

PIN is implemented using fast Ethernet 10/100 mbps Cisco switches

and routers.

PIN is used for following.

INI51 for connecting two systems.

X-Window for interplant graphics transfer among all six systems.

X-Window anywhere on PCs connected to Reliance WAN.

Integration with third party application like Infoplus.21.

To access historian data from system to Window applications.


Large Industrial Systems

• ASEA BROWN BOWERI - ABB

• TATA HONEYWEL

• FOXBORO - INVENSYS

• YOKOGOWA BLUE STAR - YBL

• ALLEN BRADLEY

• GE FANUC

• FISHER ROSEMOUNT

• TOSHIBA

DCS MANUFACTURERS

DCS INSTALLATIONS AT RELIANCE

JG HZ PG BARODA NC GANDHARASEA BROWN BOWERI - ABB

TATA HONEYWEL

FOXBORO - INVENSYS

YOKOGAWA BLUE STAR - YBL

SIEMENSGE FANUCFISHER PROVOX

TOSHIBA

MANUFACTURERSITE

Honeywell DCS System Architecture

UniformanceApplicationsServer

Remote GUSDisplay

UniformanceDesktop

TPSBuilder

Fisher Provox DCS System Architecture

Yokogawa Centum DCS System Architecture

ABB DCS System Architecture

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IMS)

OPERATOR STATION ( OS )

ENGINEERING STATION ( ES )

DUAL DCN RING

RING 0

RING 1

Advant Controller 460

C Controller

SC Controller

Information Network TCP/IP

ABB DCS System Architecture Distributed Communication Network (DCN)

Total Nodes per Ring 29 Total Nodes/Network 255 Total Rings/Network 85 Maximum end-to-end length/Ring 14 miles/ring Maximum distance between two active nodes 5280 ft* wire Fiber-optic 10,000 ft

*recommend 1 mile (5280 ft, 1600 M) between 3 nodes

ABB DCS System Architecture Typical Schematic Diagram For Information Flow

JB TB B/R TRIO CSS

OS

JB TB B/R TRIO CSS

From TX

CONTROL ROOMFIELD

To O/P

JB = JUNCTION BOX TRIO = TAYLOR REMOTE I/O

TB = TERMINATION BOX CSS = CONTROL SUB SYSTEM

B/R = BYPASS RELAY OS = OPERATOR STATION

FOXBORO I/A Series DCS System Architecture

I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link

Intelligent & Conventional Field Devices

Fieldbus Cards

LBU

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Foxboro

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Foxboro Foxboro FoxboroFoxboro

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Foxboro

IEEE 1118

A brief Introduction

I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link



Fieldbus Cards

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Foxboro

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Foxboro

I/A Series Nodebus

ApplicationProcessor(AW - 51)

ControlProcessor(CP - 40)

WorkstationProcessor(WP - 51)

DeviceIntegrator( DI,MG 30 )

CommunicationsProcessor COM 10

Peripherals; B/W & Color Printers, Terminals;FoxWatch

3rd Party Devices e.g. PLC’s, ESD’s RTU’s Scanners Power Plant Scales Tank Farms Analyzers Spectrum

IEEE 1118

IEEE 802.3

I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link



Fieldbus Cards

LBU

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Foxboro

LBU

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Foxboro

I/A Series Nodebus








IEEE 1118

IEEE 802.3

I/A Series LAN

FOXBORO I/A Series DCS System ArchitectureInformation Network TCP/IP

Computers,Workstations,X-Terminals,PC’s etc

I/A Series Fieldbus

Fieldbus Module

Digital Field Link


Fieldbus Cards

LBU

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Foxboro

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Foxboro

I/A Series Nodebus








IEEE 1118

IEEE 802.4I/A Series LAN

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.3

RS - 232 RS - 232

Reliance Jamnagar DCS Architecture

Functions of Equipment installed in PCC’s

System administration and System management (AW51)File server (AW51)Human Interface for Plant Operations (WP51)Alarm management (AW51, WP51)Interface as Engineering station (AW51)Information management - Historian and Reports (AW51)Interface for System Maintenance (AW51, WP51)

Functions of Equipment installed in PIB’s

Interface for process inputs and outputs (FBMs and FBCs)Process Control (CP40)Interface for third party systems via serial links (INT30)

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM Jamnagar

DCS SYSTEM RELIANCE JAMNAGAR

Highlights: Total nodes across the complex - 41 No.

LAN Length - 19.6 Km

Total panels - 1102nos.

Total I/Os - 182,375 No.

Total Stations - 1367 No.

Total FBMs - 3307 No.

Total Serial Links - 270

Total cost of DCS within complex - 300 crore (approx

$60m)plus.

Fiber Optic cable used - 242 KMs


World’s Longest ever Real-Time Control Network for TMS.

World’s Largest System with more then 257 stations in ROS.

The DCS is configured as 6 systems as listed below.

Refinery ( ROS ) Tank farms ( TMS ) Captive Power Plant Aromatics Plant Poly Propylene Plant Port Operations

Within each system the I/A series node buses are interconnected by Fiber Optic LAN Interface modules.


Refinery15 Node SystemRefinery PCC, PIB’s 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

Captive Power Plant3 Node SystemCPP PCC, and MRS 1, 2

Aromatics Plant6 Node SystemARO PCC, and PIB’s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Poly Propylene Plant5 Node SystemPPP PCC A&B, and PIB’s 24, 25, 34

Port OperationsSingle Node SystemPort PCC

Tank Farms 11 Node SystemMarine PCC and PIB’s 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29

OPTION -1SPLITTING IN TWO NETWORK - AS PER BUSINESS

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 F1 F2 F3 F4 U2 13 23

U1 19 M1 27 28 29 21 R8

INI51/HOSTAW

E1

E1 INI51/HOSTAW

REFINERY OPERATIONS SYSTEM

TANK FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TCP/IP

19A22

F5

ISSUES:

1. INI51 IS NOT REDUNDANT

2. SEPERATE AWS ARE TO BE PROVIDED ON EITHER SIDE

3. MOVED STATIONES ARE TO BE DELETED FROM SYSDEF AND AWS

4. ADDITIONAL LAN LOADING ON TANK FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DUE TO EXAPNSION OF 70 TANKS.

MODEBUSMODEBUS

RTURTU

MODEBUSMODEBUS

ASCIIASCII

AB DH +AB DH +

IMACIMAC

Integrated Industry Solutions

Integrated Industry Solutions

BOSSBOSSOMISOMISTISTIS TASTAS APCAPC

OpenIndustrialStandard

OpenIndustrialStandard

PlantInformation Integration

PlantInformation Integration

IP.21IP.21

LIMSLIMS

YIELD ACC.YIELD ACC.

DATA RECONSDATA RECONS

X-WindowX-Window

AIM*HistorianAIM*Historian

RIMSRIMS

INI51INI51

Integration of Applications: Overview

Operating System: Sun OS 5.5.1 based on Unix IV

Human Interface: Foxdraw for Graphics Building & Configuration and Foxview for display of graphics

Alarm Manager – For Current Alarm Summary, Alarm History Display.

ICC – Integrated Control Configurator, provides software blocks for continuos, sequence and lader logic control.

System Configurator – For system configuration of the hardware and software

Historian – For collecting sample data for history and trends

Report Writer – For daily, weekly, monthly reports

SMDH – System Management and monitoring

Software Overview

Engineering Station (Application Workstation AW51B):

Operating system Sun OS runs on AW51B, that is main server for the system and seat on the Nodbus.

All other configuration software likes Historian, ICC, and all advance applications also run on AW51B.

Mainly used for Configuration, System Diagnostic and downloading configuration to all stations configured.

Can be used as Operator station.

Functionality

Integrated Control Configuartion:

The Integrated Control Configurator database is the backbone of the I/A Series control subsystem and is the primary means by which real-time process variables are translated to the DCS environment

The software structure of the Control and I/O (CIO) functions revolve around

the "COMPOUND:BLOCK.PARAMETER" concept.

A compound as a group of blocks related to a particular Plant Unit, Equipment, Subsystem etc.

A block is a member of a set of predefined algorithms designed to perform mathematical, logical or boolean operations on one or more values.

Both blocks and compounds have PARAMETERS. Parameters include real-time values and may be used for display, trending and other processing requirements.

Functionality

Integrated Control Configuartor

Human Interface (Operator Work Station):

Operator Work station processor with single or dual CRT, Annunciator Key Board, Trackball and touch screen provide human interface.

The Concept of efficient process control using an operator interface is with the following basic utilities:

Process GraphicsESD GraphicsGroup / Trend Displays Face Plate Overlays Alarm Manager

Functionality

Process Graphics

Process Graphics:

There are four levels of graphics used in Project.

Level –1: Complex Overview

Level – 2: Plant wide Overview

Level –3: Based on PFDs

Level – 4: Based on P&Ids

In addition to above following are other graphics used for the Project.

Group Display: Group of eight Face plate or four Face plate and four treads.

Overlay: Faceplates, Pump START/STOP etc.

Functionality

Work Station Access:

Environments

Workstation Processors provide security through access levels for different categories of system users. Password protection can be configured for each environment.

The environments configured for this project are defined in next slide.

Functionality

Environment Access Level AuthorisationField_Op_Env 1 Can view displays, Cannot change values

(SP, Output, Auto-Manual etc.),Cannot acknowledge alarms

Ctrl_Rm_Op_Env 2 All Field_Op_Env access, Can change values (SP, Output, Auto-Manual etc.), only for WPsCan acknowledge alarms, Cannot change alarm limits

Supervisor_Env 3 All Ctrl_Rm_Op_Env access, only for WPsCan change alarm limits, Can tune controllers,Cannot access configurators or maintenance functions

Maint_Engr_Env 4 All Supervisor_Env access, Can tune controllers,Can access configurators and make configuration changes,Cannot access software management

Soft_Engr_Env 5 All Maint_Engr_Env access,Can access software management to write programs,Can access Password configurator and change environment menus

Functionality

Environment

ESD Graphics:

There are two levels of ESD system graphics:

ESD Overview (Level 1)ESD Detail (Level 2)

Facilities are provided to move from one level to the other and also sideways within level 2 graphics.

The ESD Overview Level graphic lists all ESD's in the area and summarises their statuses. Each plant area has a level 1 ESD graphic.

In ESD Detail Level graphics, dynamic Cause and Effect information is depicted. This includes status of the cause and the commanded and actual statuses of the effect (e.g., valve position, pump status etc.).

Functionality

FoxAnalyst

A separate application for viewing trends is is available in all Operator workstation.

Operator can assign a group of 16 trends in one page and save as a scratch pad.

This application can be opened from pull down menu in operator environment

Functionality

Alarm manager

Alarm manager can display alarm information in up to six distinct display windows.

Current Alarm Display ( CAD )Most Recent Alarm Display ( MRA )Alarm History Display ( AHD )Alarm Summary

New Alarm Display ( NEWALM )Acknowledged Alarm Display ( ACKED )Unacknowledged / Return-to-normal Alarm Display ( UNACK)

Functionality

Alarm manager

Historian & Reports:

The Historian collects, stores, processes, and archives process data from the control system to provide data for trends, Statistical Process Control charts, logs, reports, spreadsheets, and application programs.

The Historian is a tool for collecting, organizing, and storing data for later retrieval. It contains built-in algorithms for reducing data and provides workstation displays to retrieve and display data .Typical data are process analog and/or digital points.

Functionality

Historian Functions

Collect process control point samples Reduced point samples Application-generated alarms & messages

Trends

Advance Applications:

TIS : Tank Inventory System for Tank Farm Management

BOSS : Blending & Optimisation Supervisory System

OMIS : Oil Movement & Information System

Information Management:

IP.21 is interface with DCS for integration with SAP to form Refinery Information Management System.

Foxhistory : Plantwide Consolidated history for generating reports.

X-window configuration for remote monitoring.

Functionality

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