DC/DC Converter with Transparent Electronics for application on Photovoltaic Panels
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Transcript of DC/DC Converter with Transparent Electronics for application on Photovoltaic Panels
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DC/DC Converter with Transparent Electronics for application on Photovoltaic Panels
Romano Torres19th July 2013 1
Supervisor: Vitor Grade TavaresSecond Supervisor: Pedro Miguel Cândido BarquinhaSecond Supervisor: Pydi Ganga Bahubalindruni
Master of Electrical and Computers Engineering
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Outline
• Motivation• Objectives• a-IGZO TFTs• DC/DC Converter• Amplifier• Regulator• Fabrication• Conclusions• Future Work
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Motivation
• To construct circuits on flexible substracts, such as plastic, glass:– Possible to embody in photovoltaic panels.
• Low cost fabrication at room temperature.
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Objectives
• Design of a boost DC/DC converter using transparent electronics in order to have an increased and stable voltage level with direct current.– Vout > 1.5*Vin;– Efficiency >= 40%
• Fabrication of the circuit in CENIMAT/UNL.
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a-IGZO TFTs
• High parasitic resistance;
• P-type transistors with low performance;
• Threshold voltage shift.
5Staggered bottom-gate TFT structure
Problems:
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Voltage Boosting Stage – DC/DC converter
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• Indutors are avoided due to their low performance in transparent technology;
• Capacitor is used to save charge in electric field;
• Vdd < Vout < 2*Vdd
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Voltage Boosting Stage - out of phase clock signals
7Lower variation of Vout level.
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2 Voltage Boosting Stages in Cascade
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• To increase the voltage level twice;
• Parasitic effects reduce the efficiency;
• 4 TFTs of 320 μm in parallel for each diode-connection are used;
• Vdd < Vout << 3*Vdd
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Separation between Boosting Stages
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• Allow a stable voltage level at node E;
• Avoid clock feedthrough in TFT1 and TFT2.
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3 Boosting Stages in Cascade
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• Proposed DC/DC converter includes 3 Voltage Boosting Stages;
• Settling time is increased.
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Bootstrapping Stage – Proposed DC/DC converter
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• Bootstrapping stage is used to reduce the settling time of the circuit;
• Power consumption is negligble;
• Small capacitors and transistors can be used.
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Comparison with previous DC/DC converters in the same technology
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DC/DC converter from other authors Proposed DC/DC converter
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DC/DC Converter - Simulation
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Output voltage
With Load
I_load = 162 μAVout=16.37 V
Without Load
Vout=35.5 V
Bootstrapping
Cross-connected
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Efficiency
• The supplied current of each voltage source is measured (I_in=167 μA);
• The currents multiplied by the supplied voltage (Vin=10V) are added, resulting in the input power;
• With the same current for each voltage source, efficiency is:
• The current supplied in bootstrapping stage is very low (I_bs=0.12μA);
• The efficiency is: 39.93%
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3 Voltage Boosting Stages - Simulation
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Voltage levels for each stage
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DC/DC converter - Layout
165793.55 μm
3068.55 μm
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10 DC/DC converters in parallel
- The equivalent resistance of 10 converters in parallel is lower than with only one converter.
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Output voltage
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Final circuit with regulation
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Circuit specifications:• Vdd = 10 V• R1 and R2 >> RL
Objectives:• Vout 20 V≃• 50% lower ΔV
Advantage:• More stable voltage leveleven with load variation.
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Proposed Amplifier – Block diagram
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Amplifier
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Differential Stage
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Positive Feedback Stage
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Source-Follower Stages
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Common-Source Stages
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Phase Compensation
-In order to have higher phase margin.
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Gain and Phase Response
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Gain: 36.7dB
Phase Margin: 83.79°
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Proposed Amplifier - Layout
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2383.8 μm
2450 μm
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Regulator
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Voltage levels
Vout = 17.65 VThe voltage variation with the load decreased 80%.
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Final Circuit - Layout
2918709.55 μm
14557.1 μm
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Fabrication
30DC/DC converter with bootstrapping and 2 boosting stages
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Conclusions
• DC/DC converter:– Wide transistors reduce parasitic resistance;– Bootstrapping stage decreases settling time;– 10 converters in parallel reduce the parasitic resistance and
allow more voltage boosting stages, increasing the output voltage level.
• Amplifier:– Good phase margin was achieved;– Voltage gain is enough for the regulation;
• Regulator:– 80% lower fluctuation of the voltage level with load variations.
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• Improve the design of the amplifier to increase the gain;
• PWM regulation with duty-cycle variation.
Future Work
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The End
Thank you!
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