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ULINEC EPLANT AERDC 66Cornerof3rdand streets NE CWashington DistrictofColumbia

WRITTENHISTORICALAN DDESCRIPTIVEDATA

HISTORICAMERI CANENGINEERINGR E C O R DNationalParkService

U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior1849CStreetNW

Washington DC20240 0001

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HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERINGRECORD ULINEIC EPLANT

HAER No.DC 66Location:UTM Coordinate:

,rd

PresentOwner:PresentUse:Significance:

Historian:ProjectInformation:

Cornerof3 an dMstreets,N E,Washington,DC18 ,326372 .43E,4308166.53NThecoordinaterepresentstheapproximatecenterofth ebuilding.twasderivedfromGoogleEarthProv5onDecember10,2010.heimagerydatesfromAugust29 ,2010.DouglasDevelopmentCorporation,Washington,DCVacantTheUlineIcePlantissignificantasanearly-twentieth-centuryicemanufacturingplantandforitsroleinproducingtheicefo rtheicerinkinth eadjacentUlineArena(latercalled th eWashingtonColiseum).JustineChristianson,HA ERHistorian,2003-2004,updated2010

TheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord(HAER)isalong-rangeprogram todocumenthistoric llysignificantengineering,industrial,an dmaritimeworksintheUnitedStates.heHAERprogramispartofHeritageDocumentationPrograms,adivisionof theNationalParkService,Departmentofth eInterior,RichardO'Connor,Manager.FormoreinformationabouttheadjacentUlineArena,seeHAERNo.DC-63.PartI. istoricalInformation

A.PhysicalHistory:1.atesofConstruction: arch-July1 9312.rchitect/Engineer:ubitz&KoenigKubitz&Koenigw asaconstructionengineeringfirmbasedinBaltimore,Maryland.ttoKubitzimmigrated totheUnitedStatesfromGermanyinth e1890s.eservedasaBaltimorecitybuildinginspectorbeforeformingKubitz& KoenigwithMartinKoeniginth eearly1920s.oenigwasaBaltimorenativew hograduatedfrom theUniversityofMaryland'sCollegeofEngineering.hefirmservedastheconsultingengineeronanumberofBaltimorebuildings,

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ULINEICEPLANTHAERNo.DC-66

Page2includingtheUniversityHospital,awarehousefortheBaltimoreNewsCompany,anadditiontotheCarr-LoweryGlassCompany,andvariouspublicschools.3 uilder:uildingpermitsfortheconstructionoftheiceplantdesignatethebuilderasConsolidatedEngineeringCompanyof203FranklinStreetinBaltimore,Maryland.4.OriginalPlans:he1 9 3 1buildingpermitestimatedthecostofthestructurewouldbe$35,000andindicateditwouldbeconstructedof130,000bricksand600yardsofconcrete.heiceplanthadaconcretefoundationandaflat,asbestosroof. floorplanaccompanyingthebuildingpermitindicatestheplantwasapproximately200'x100',anda platformwaslocatedinthenortheastcorner.5.AlterationsandAdditions:uildingpermitsreveala numberofadditionsandalterationsweremadetotheiceplantafteritsinitialcompletionin1 9 3 1 .second-storybrickadditiondesignedbyR.W.Hodgewaserectedin1934andcontainedofficespace. ConcreteentrancestepsforthedoorwaytothissecondstoryspacewerebuiltinApril1934underaseparatepermit.In1935,UlinecontractedM.S.Rich,astructuralengineer,todesignaone-storybricktruckgarageandanicestorageroomtotherearoftheplant.hestorageroommeasured22'x18'on theinterior,whilethetruckgaragemeasured105'-6x67'-6 on theinterior.heconstructionofthetwostructuresrequired100,000bricksand1 70cubicyardsofconcrete.AsecondadditionwasbuiltinSeptember1 9 3 6tocreateanotheroffice,whichwasspecifiedashavingwoodfloors.oplanswereprovidedwiththebuildingpermit,butthedetailsoftheconstructionindicateitwasaone-storybrickadditionwithaflatroofthatwasbuilton topoftheplantatthecornerof3 ndM streets.M.S.Richisagainlistedasthestructuralengineerinchargeofthework,whichwasestimatedtocost$5,000.ElectricsignsbytheBeaconSignCompanywereinstalledattheplantin1 93 7 .One20'x3'-6 signread UlineIce in18 letterswith NeverFails belowin

1Martin KoenigDiesatAge63, TheSun[Baltimore,Maryland],June4,1953,p.9; PlantonOldHotelSite,TheSu n[Baltimore,Maryland],October3 ,1911,p.5;OttoKubtiz, TheSun [Baltimore,Maryland],December7,1953,p.22;RealEstateDealsand BuildingNews, TheSun[Baltimore,Maryland],December10,1930,p. 8 .2BuildingPermitNo. 40710,March18 ,1931.uildingpermitsareavailableattheWashingtoniana Division,M artin Luther KingJ r .MemorialLibrary,Washington,DC.3BuildingPermitNo. 40751,March19 ,1931.4BuildingPermitNo. 69114,February14,1934.headditioncost$1,800andwasbuiltfromFebruarytoApril1934.5BuildingPermitNo. 70372,April12,1934.6BuildingPermitNo. 85384,October14,1935.7BuildingPermitNo. 95613,September24,1936.

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ULINEICEPLANTHAERNo.DC-66

Page3 1 4 letters. verticalsignon the3 Streetsideofthebuildingread UlineIce.In1938,aneondouble-facedsignmeasuring19'x42'withthewords UlineIcewasinstalled.Chas.J.CassidyCo.Inc.constructedaone-storyconcreteadditionin1944usingplansdevelopedbyG.Miller,ChiefEngineer.hisspacewasdesignatedforuseasalaundryroom,whichmayhavebeenusedbyperformersorstaffintheadjacentUlineArena.

B.HistoricalContext:MigielUihleinimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromhisbirthplaceofNoordBrabant,Netherlands,attheageof 1 6withhisfamilyafterfloodingfinanciallydevastatedthem.isnamewaseventuallyAmericanizedto MichaelUline(sometimeshewasevenreferredtoas UncleMike ),illustratinghistransformationfromimmigranttoAmericanbusinessman.nfact,hisbiographyreadslikeaclassicAmericansuccessstory.y theageof21 ,hehadmanagedtoworkhiswayupfromastonediggerinaCleveland,Ohio,quarrytoa businessownerwiththepurchaseofhisfirsticeplant.ventually,hewouldownmorethanthirtyiceplantsinOhio,includingonesinCleveland,Toledo,andWarren.linewasalsoaninventorwhoheldnearlyseventypatents,manyofwhichwererelatedtotheice-makingindustry.ispatentsincludedaniceconveyor,bothaprocessandamachineformakingclear,oblongblocksofice,adrainfixtureforrefrigerators,andanicecuttingmachine.therpatentsincludeda tamper-proofpocketautographicregister thatkeptacarboncopyofasalesreceiptlockedwithinthebodyofthedevice.fterhismarriagetohisfirstwifeCarolinefellapart,UlinemovedtoWashington,DC,in1 9 3 1andestablishedfirstaniceplantandlateranarena,in theprocessearninga reputationasa fieryimpresario. Heengagedincharitableworkinthecity,includingprovidingbustransportationforlocalchildrentoparadesaswellasotheroutings.ealsoservedasthefirstpresidentoftheDistrictofColumbiaSocietyforCrippledChildrenandAdults. Ulinediedfroman acutecoronaryocclusion attheageof8 3aftera five-year-periodofdeclineresultingfromafallontheicethatlefthimasemi-invalidandnearlyblind.

8BuildingPermitNo.202369,August1 1 ,1937;BuildingPermitNo.216869,September26,1938.9BuildingPermitNo.269962,June7,1944.10ForbiographicalinformationonUline,seeAlCostello, TheyTalkedof anArena,HeBuilt One, WashingtonStar January25,1970,inWashingtonColiseumverticalfile,WashingtonianaDivision,Martin LutherKingJ r .MemorialLibrary,Washington,DC(hereaftercitedasverticalfile);DaveBrady,UlinePlayed HosttoBig-TimeSports, Washington Post February23 ,1958,verticalfile;LintonWeeks, IceinHisVeins, Washington Pos tMagaz ine November1 7 ,1991,p.7;GordonBrown,UlineArena:tellarPast,UncertainFuture, Voiceofth eHill August 2003,p.10; 'Mike'UlineDiesat83 ;IceExecutive,Sportsman, Washington Pos tand Times-HeraldFebruary23 ,1958,p.B2.ThepatentsareavailableontheU.S.PatentOfficewebsite,http://patents.uspto.gov/,bynumber.atentsheld byUlineinclude:ceConveyor,PatentNumber1,789,504,patentedJanuary20,1931 ;MethodandApparatusforManufacturingOblongBlocksof ClearIce,PatentNumber2,082,665,patentedJune1 ,1937;DrainFixtureforRefrigerators,PatentNumber2,089,231,patented August10,1937;MachineforCuttingIce,PatentNumber2,107,968,February8 ,1938 ;Tamper-Proof PocketAutographicRegister,PatentNumber2,622,898,December23 ,1952;PortablePocketCarryingTamper-Proof AutographicRegister,PatentNumber2,707,644,M ay3 ,1955.1 1Uline'spersonallifewa sabit ofamessand furtheraddedtohisnotoriety.n1952,thenearly80-year-oldUlinewasgrantedanabsolutedivorcefromhisfirstwife,Mrs.Caroline(alsospelledCarolyninotherarticles)Eierman

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ULINEICEPLANTHAERNo.DC-66

Page4TheUlineIcePlant,locatedon the1 1 0 0blockof3 Street,NE,suppliedicebothwholesaleandretail. The1 9 3 2CityDirectoryofWashingtonlistedtheplantasoneofaboutseventy-fiveicedealersin thearea,butby1941,itwasoneofahandfuloficemanufacturersandwholesalers.line'sbusinessremainedsolventevenastheneedforicedecreasedasgreaternumbersofcityresidentspurchasedrefrigerators.fterUline'sdeathin1958,hisdaughter,M .UlinePratt,becamethepresidentoftheUlineIceCompanywithElizabethStineasthevicepresident.Soonafter,HarryG.Lynnpurchasedtheplantandarena.he1970and1 973directoriesrevealthatHarryG.LynnservedaspresidentoftheUlineIceCompany,andRichardG.Hendersonwasthevicepresident.By thelate1930s,Ulinehadeitherdecidedorbeenconvincedtobranchoutfromtheicemanufacturingbusinessandengageinotherventures.eclaimshewasnotinterestedinsportsbutthatnewspapersintownconvincedhimtobuildanarenanextdoortohisiceplant.egardlessofthemotivation,Ulinewasasavvybusinessmanwhorecognizedtheincreasingpopularityinthecityoficeskatingandhockeyinthelate1930s.ecapitalizedonthatpopularitybyconstructinganarenawithanicerinknexttohisiceplantandutilizingtheice-makingequipmentalreadyinplace.heiceplantremainedinoperationinsomeformatuntil1986,whentheTakomaParkChristianFaithCenterleasedboththeplantandarenawithanoptiontopurchasebothby1 991 .AlvinJonesandhiswifeMarthahadfoundedtheTakomaParkChristianFaithCenterintheirhomein1981;theyalsobroadcasta radio/TVshowcalled SuccessfulLiving inWashington,DC,andDallas,Texas.fterseeingDC-basedchurchesmovetothesuburbs,Jonesdecidedtoestablishhischurchin thecity.eandhiswifeembarkedona6.5millionrenovationtothecomplexthatincludedcreatinganindoorprayergarden,

Christianbookstore,andadministrativeoffices,andrefurbishingthecoliseumbyUline,whomhehad marriedin1895.woyearsearlier,hehadobtainedadivorcefromCarolineand marriedhissecondwife,theformerMrs.ElvaHousemanonthesamedayinJuarez,Mexico.isfirstwife,Caroline,claimedthatshehad tried toreconcilewithhimeveryyearat Christmasfrom1935to1949byletter,butUlinearguedheha dnotheardfromhersince1933 . yearlater,however,theUnitedStatesCourtof AppealssentthecasebacktotheDistrict CourtonthegroundsthattheDistrictCourt'sfindingswerenotspecificenough.helegalwranglingcontinuedafterUline'sdeath.issecondwife,Elva,requestedthatacourt-appointedcollectoroperatehisbusinessuntilthevalidityof hiswillandcodicilcouldbedetermined.hewillinquestiongave1/ 3of theestatetoElva,thelegalminimum,and$10,000toElizabethStine,executivevice-president of theUlineIceCompany.herestof hisestatewasplacedinatrust forhisfirstwife,fromwhichshecoulddraw$700permonth,andhistwodaughters.Afterfifteenyears,orthedeathof Caroline,thetrust wouldbeequallydividedbetween thedaughters.AcodicildatingtoDecember1957,however,revoked thesectionof thewillthat gavehis personal property toElvaandprovided paymentsfortheirhome.ventually,thematterwassettled,but nonewspaperaccountswerefounddescribingtheresolution. ikeUline,1 1 1atHome,WinsDivorce, WashingtonPost December11,1952,p.27;UlineDivorceSuitRemandedbyCourt, Washington Post M ay22,1953,p.20; MikeUline'sWidowAttacksHisWillwhich Reduced herLegalThird, Washington Pos tandTimes-Herald March 27,1958,p.Al; ProbateSoughtforWillFought byUlineWidow, Washington Pos tandTimes-Herald March29,1958,p.D2.12LibertyCafeat8 04KStreet,N W ,w ason eestablishmentthat purchaseditsicefromUline'soperation.eeAd,Washing tonPos t February16, 935,p.4.13Washington,DC,CityDirectory, 932,1943 , 960, 970,an d1973.irectoriesareavailableon microfilmatWashingtonianaDivision,Martin LutherKingJr.MemorialLibrary,Washington,DC.14JerryDavis,MikeUlineMissesHisReading, Washing ton PostandTime s -He ra ld M ay1 , 955,p.C6.

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ULINEICEPLANTHAERNo.DC-66

Page5increasingtheseatingto8,600andimprovingtheacoustics.onesplannedtoholdtheFaithCenterservicesforthe700-personcongregationinasmallerroomwhilethearenawouldbeavailableforusebyreligiousgroupsandtelevisionministers.ong-termplansbyJonesincludedbuildingaprivateK-12schoolandministertrainingschoolandbuyingadditionallandforparking.onesestimatedthisworkwouldcost$17.5millionandexpectedthatsomefundingwouldcomefromdonations.heseplansforthecenternevermaterialized.LGIndustries(wholatermergedwithUSAWasteandagainwithSanifilltobecomeWasteManagement)purchasedthepropertyinMay1 994 .heformerarenawasthenusedasanillegaltrashtransferstation.heoperationwasfinallycloseddown,andthesitewasabandoneduntil2002whentheDouglasDevelopmentCorporationpurchasedit.Redevelopmentplansremainunknownasof2010.

PartII .tructural/DesignInformationA GeneralDescription:heL-shapediceplantisaconcreteblockstructurecladinpaintedcommon-bondbrick. parkinglotisnowlocatedintheellmadebythebuildingatthecornerof3 ndM streets,NE.hesouthportionofthebuilding,whichoriginallyhousedtheicemanufacturingequipment,standsone-and-a-halfstoriestallwhilethenorthhalfofthebuildingstandstwo-storiestall,theresultofadditionsmadein1934and1 93 6 .riginally,theflatroofwasasbestos,butportionsofitarecurrentlymissing.Ornamentationisminimal,comprisedprimarilyofbeltcourses,copingon topoftheparapet,andpilasters.Theeastfacadeoftheone-storysectionofthebuilding,facing3 Street,NE,isdividedintosixirregular-sizedbaysbyverticalpilasters.hewindowanddooropeningsineachbayhavebeenclosedinwithconcreteblocks.Theofficeaddition,dividedbya pilasterintotwobays,standstwostoriestall.doorwaywithconcretestepsprovidesaccess,and thereisalargeopeningtothenorththathasbeenclosedinwithconcreteblocks.heoriginalmulti-lightsteelsecond-storywindowshavebeencoveredwithplywoodonboththeeastandnorthfacades. triple-rowhorizontalbeltcourserunsalongthetopofthesecond-storyportionofthebuilding,andtheroofisalsoflat.AloadingdockwasoriginallylocatedalongtheeastfacadeofthenorthhalfofthebuildingonM and3 treets,NE.heconcreteplatformthatextendedalongthisfacadehasbeenremoved. Brickpilastersdividethenorthwingofthebuildingintofivebays.Thesecondstoryispiercedbytenmulti-lightsteelwindowsthathavebeencoveredwithplywood. triple-rowhorizontalbeltcoursealsorunsalongthetopofthesecond-story,

SaundraSaperstein,ColiseumtobeReborn, Washington Post December8 ,1986,pp.Bl,B10.

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ULINEICEPLANTHAERNo.DC-66

Page6whileasinglehorizontalbeltcoursedelineatestheoriginalconstructionfromthesecond-storyaddition.Thenorthfacadeoftheiceplantfeaturesdoubledoorsatthesecond-storycornerwithaprojectingI-beamandbrace.hiswasprobablyusedtolifticeorothermaterialssinceitislocatedintheicestorageportionofthebuilding.ilastersdividethenorthfacadeintofourbays;thetwobaysat thewesternendwerepartoftheofficeaddition,asindicatedbythetriple-rowhorizontalbeltcourse,plywood-coveredwindowopenings,andabeltcourseshowingthelocationoftheoriginalroofline.heeasttwobaysareundecoratedandshownoevidenceofformerwindowordooropenings.TheportionofthewestfacadevisiblefromM Street,NE,isalsoundecorated.heUlineArena(seeHAERNo.DC-63)adjoinsa portionofthewestsideoftheiceplant.Theinterioroftheiceplantwasnotavailableforinspection,butrecentphotographsindicatethemachineryhasbeenremoved.TherectangulargaragelocatedbehindtheiceplantandUlineArena'sentrancebuildingon3 Street,NE,isbuiltofpaintedbrickandhasaflatroof.hefrontfacadehasasteppedparapet. garagedooriscenteredon thefrontfacade,anddoorwaysflankeithersideofthegaragedoor. parkinglotseparatestheentrancebuildingfromthegarage.

1 .Character:Althoughtheiceplantstillstands,littleofitsoriginalcharacterremains.2 ConditionofFabric:hebuilding'sfabricisdeterioratingduetothelongperiodofabandonmentandexposureoftheinteriortotheelements.

B.Construction:Noinformationhasbeenfoundregardingtheconstructionoftheplant.C.Mechanicals/Operation:ittleisknownabouthowicewasproducedattheplant.Buildingpermitsprovidesomeinformationonthetypesofequipmentusedinthemanufacturingprocessatthisplant.ermitsfromApril1 9 3 1encompassedtheinstallationof therefrigeratingsystem,whichincludedthreeevaporators,threecompressors,2,000poundsofrefrigerant(ammonia),pumpsofvarioushorsepower,twocrushercubers,twodehumidifiers,cranes,agitators,exciters,aircompressors,andanicescoringmachine.hesewereinstalledintheengineroom,tankroom,andplatform. InJuly,YorkMachineryCorporationinstalleda30-horsepowermotortorun theicemaking

16InformationoniceproductioningeneralcanbefoundinLeeAnn BishopLands,AtlanticIceandCoalCompany, HAERNo.AL-188,HistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord,NationalParkService,U.S.Department oftheInterior,August 2000.17BuildingPermitNo. 41327,April6,1931 ;BuildingPermitNo. 42089,April22,1931.otorsforthema mcompressorswerealsoinstalledatthatsametimebyHoward P .FoleyCompany,seeBuildingPermitNo. 41329,April6 ,1931.

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Page7machineryintheengineroom.uringthatsamemonth,apermitforinstallationofarefrigeratingsystemwasalsosubmitted.he30-horsepowersystemusedammoniaas Q therefrigerantandincludedacompressor.In1932,theUlineIceCompanyappliedfora permittoinstallfivemotorstotaling248horsepowerintheplant'sengineroom. AccompanyingthiswasanotherpermitforinstallationofaClassArefrigeratingsystem,comprisedoftwocompressorsandtwoevaporators,bothsuppliedbyYork.TheUlineIcePlantisdepictedonaSanbornmap,whichindicatesitoperateddayandnight.henorthsectionofthebuildingwasusedforicestoragewhilethefreezingandmanufacturingtookplaceinthesouthhalfwheretherewasalsoanammoniatank.Driversworkingforthecompanydeliveredicethroughoutthecity,and thecompany's91 truckswerestoredin thegarageon theproperty.D.iteInformation:heplantisboundedbyMStreettothenorth,3 Streettotheeast,theentrancebuildingfortheUlineArenatothesouth,andtheUlineArenaitselftothewest.

PartIII ourcesofInformationA PrimarySourcesAd.WashingtonPost,February 6,1 93 5 ,p.4.CityDirectory,Washington,DC,1 93 2 ,1943,1960,1970,1 97 3 .irectoriesareavailableonmicrofilmat theWashingtonianaDivision,MartinLutherKingJr .MemorialLibrary,Washington,D C.Davis,Jerry.MikeUlineMissesHisReading, WashingtonPostandTimes-Herald,May ,1955,p.C6.MartinKoenigDiesatAge63. heSun[Baltimore,Maryland],June4,1953,p.9.'Mike'UlineDiesat8 3 ;IceExecutive,Sportsman. WashingtonPostandTimes-

Herald,February23 ,1 95 8 ,p.B2.OttoKubtiz. heSun[Baltimore,Maryland],December7,1 95 3 ,p.22 .PlantonOldHotelSite. heSun[Baltimore,Maryland],October3 ,1 9 1 1 ,p.5.

18SeeBuildingPermitNo. 45144and145145,bothfromJuly27,1931.19BuildingPermitNo. 50253,February9,1932.20BuildingPermitNo. 50294,February1 0 ,1932.21SanbornMap,Vol.4,1928-December1959,Sheet438.

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ULINEIC EPLANTHAERNo.DC-66Page8

RealEstateDealsandBuildingNews. h eSun[Baltimore,Maryland],December10,1930 ,p. 8 .SanbornMap,Vol.41928-December1959,Sheet4 38 .BuildingPermits,availableat th eWashingtonianaDivision,MartinLutherKingJr.MemorialLibrary,Washington,DC:BuildingPermitNo.140710,March18 , 93 1BuildingPermitNo.140751,March19, 93 1BuildingPermitNo.141327,April6, 93 1BuildingPermitNo.141329 ,April6, 93 1BuildingPermitNo.142089,April22 , 93 1BuildingPermitNo.145144,July27, 93 1BuildingPermitNo.145145,July27, 93 1BuildingPermitNo.150253,February9,1932

BuildingPermitNo.150294,February10,1932BuildingPermitNo.169114,February1 ,1 9 3 4BuildingPermitNo.170373 ,April 2,1 9 3 4BuildingPermitNo.185384,October14, 93 5BuildingPermitNo.195613 ,September24 ,1936BuildingPermitNo.202369,August11 ,1 9 3 7BuildingPermitNo.216869,September26 ,1938BuildingPermitNo.269962,June7,1944WashingtonColiseumVerticalFile,locatedintheWashingtonianaDivision,MartinLutherKingJr.MemorialLibrary,Washington,DC.ontainsnewspapersarticlesfromvariouslocalpapers.hefollowingwereusedinthisreport:Brady,Dave.UlinePlayedHosttoBig-TimeSports. ash ing ton Pos tFebruary23 , 958.

Costello,Al.TheyTalkedofanArena,HeBuiltOne. ash ing tonStarJanuary25 , 970.B.SecondarySourcesBrown,Gordon.UlineArena:StellarPast,UncertainFuture. oiceofth e Hil lAugust2003,p.0.Saperstein,Saundra.Coliseum tobeReborn. ash ing ton Pos t December8 , 986,pp.B1,B10.Weeks,Linton.Ic einHisVeins. ash ing ton PostMagazine,November17, 991,p.7.

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Appendix A:ieldPhotographsULINEIC EPLANT

HAERNo.DC-66Page9

Image1:as tfacadeoficeplant,showingtwo-storyadditionforofficewithloadingdockand additioninbackground.hotographtakenbyJustineChristianson,2004.

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Image2:orthfacadeoficeplantwithadjacentUlineArenatoright.hotographtakenbyJustineChristianson,2004.