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I. FOOD CROPSFood crops were produced carbohydrate as sources of protein and energy for humans Wheat (Triticum aesticum L.)Is the single most important crop on a global scale. Used for human & animal nutrition. World annualy production 600 MtProvides 20 % energy & 25 % protein 6.6 billion people of the world

GANDUM DI INDONESIA Penggiling/penumbuk gandum menjadi tepung di Indonesia PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya 70 % tepung gandum UKM; Indofood 18 % 1 kg terigu Rp 7.500 (2011)15 mangkok mie

Tanaman gandum di Indonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian

Thn. 2000. Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di KPC (1.600 m dpl 18C)

WHEAT : VAR. DEWATA IN BROMO MOUNTAIN - EAST JAVA

PRODUK BERBASIS GANDUM : MIE, ROTI

Rice (Oryza sativa L.)The second most important food crops globally in terms of sources of energy and protein in human nutrition. World annualy production 500 Mt 1.6 billion people

That is Some 70% of the worlds poor!and nearly all of them eat rice two or three times a day! Human Development Report, 1997 90% of the worlds rice is produced and consumed in Asia.Current annual demand for rice in Asia is 533 million tons of paddyRobert S. Zeigler Director General International Rice Research Institute(International Rice Conference 2005. IAARD IRRI. Bali, Indonesia September 12 14 th 2005.)

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*We will need an additional 53 M Tons per year in ten years!

Nutrition from rice (selected Asian countries, 1999)

*Even in the most populous countries with rapidly expanding economies India and China rice accounts for 20% of protein and 30% of total calorie intake. And in amny of the regions poorest countries it accounts for over 50% of these. Clearly rice is a strategic crop

Maize (Zea mays L.)Indian corn America; The third food crops globally, with three main purposes : human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein), feed for livestock (two - thirds of total in feed grains). raw material or many industrial products;

Planted at : 1.423.000.000 km-2 588 Mt (4 t.ha--1); Have C4 photosynthetic pathway; Indonesia imported 1 million ton per year

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Potatomakes the largest contribution to the total production of tuber crops. Annual world production currently totals 274 million ton on 18 million ha. The Russian federation rank as the worlds largest producer, followed closely by China. In the early 1990s, 30 % of the global potato output was produced in developing countries, Asia, Africa & Latin America

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)Geographic origin : China; The fifth most important food crops globally or ranked no 5 worldwide among the 30 leading food crops; Grain legumes are one of the primary sources of protein for humans and their animals; Important grain legumes because of higher protein and oils; The caloric energy per unit mass of oils is higher than that of stored carbohydrates; Sensitive to photoperiod; 100 - 150 days old with daily air temperatur 20 - 30 C; Indonesia imported 1.5 million ton per year

CASSAVA(KETELA POHON/UBI KAYU/SINGKONG)(Manihot esculenta)

II. HORTICULTURE

PomologyOlericultureFloricultureMedicine plant

The role of horticulture product 1. Source of food, vitamin, mineral and crops fibers, 2. Source of natural herbal and medicine, 3. Protect and improving the living environment, 4. High economic value product for people earning and poverty alleviation, 5. Absorbing the man power sources, 6. Potential export product. *

FruitsAlpokat (Persea americana Mill.)Durian (Durio zibethinus)Nanas (Ananas comusus)Jeruk (Citrus sp.)Mangga (Manginfera indica L.)Pisang (Musa paradisica L.)Apel ( Malus silvestris)Semangka ( Citrulus vulgaris)Nanas ( POMOLOGY

MARDI KELANTAN MALAYSIA 2006

Vegetables Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) Brokoli (Brassica oleraceae var Italica Plenck.)Cabe (Capsicum sp.)Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)Kubis (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)Mentimun (Cucumis sativus)Terong (Solanum melongena L.)Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

FLORICULTUREOrnamentals Plants Cut Foliage Cut Flower Pot plant (Flower & foliage)

Medicines PlantsJaheTemulawakKunyitSambilotoKapulagaMahkota DewaGingko giloba

III. INDUSTRIAL CROPSTanaman penghasil bahan pendukung utama bagi kebutuhan hidup manusiaTebu (Saccharum officinarum L.), Beet Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)Karet (Hevea braziliensis l.)Kopi (Coffea sp.)Teh (Camelia sinensis L.)Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Kapas (Gossypium sp.)Ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta)Kelapa (Cocos nucifera)Kelapa sawit (Elais guinensis)Bambu, Kenaf, Pisang Abaca, Acacia sp

TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Berasal dari tanaman tembakau dan bersifat genetik, terutama nikotin. Nikotin dapat mengakibatkan ketagihan dan gangguan pada jantung serta paru-paru.

BAMBO

Sawit, Kelapa, Bunga matahari, Kedelai, Canola, Jarak BIOFUEL CROPS

VERY PROMISING

Posisi # 2 terpopuler di dunia sebagai minyak yang dapat dikonsumsi (kedelai = 31%, kelapa sawit = 24%) Pertumbuhan permintaannya tertinggi di dunia (kelapa sawit = 9%, kedelai = 8%)Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar kedua di duniaDiproyeksikan menjadi yang terbesar karena keunggulan kompetitifnya (ketersediaan lahan, kualitas tanah yang baik, tenaga kerja yang berlimpah, iklim yang menunjang)Indonesia diperkirakan bisa mengungguli Malaysia di tahun 2010

Prospek Industri Kelapa Sawitby Ir. Michael PT. Sinar Mas, FKPT-PI Manado 2006

Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Food

Kegunaan Palm Oil & Palm Kernel Oil Non Food

Tumbuhan Indonesia Penghasil Minyak-LemakP minyak/lemak Pangan (edible fat/oil), NP minyak/lemak Non-Pangan (nonedible fat/oil).Sumber: Soerawidjaja, 2004

NamaNama LatinSumberKadar, %-b keringP / NPJarak pagarJatropha curcasInti biji40 60 NPSawitElais guineensisSabut + dg buah45-70 + 46-54 PKapok/randuCeiba pentandraBiji24 40 NPKelapaCocos nuciferaDaging buah60 70 PKecipirPsophocarpus tetrag.Biji15 20 PKelorMoringa oleiferaBiji30 49 PKusambiSleichera trijugaDaging biji55 70 NPNimbaAzadirachta indicaDaging biji40 50 NPSaga utanAdenanthera pavoninaInti biji14 28 PAkar kepayangHodgsonia macrocarpaBiji 65PGatep paitSamadera indicaBiji 35 NPKepohSterculia foetidaInti biji45 55 NPKetiauMadhuca mottleyanaInti biji50 57 PNyamplungCallophyllum inophyllumInti biji40 73 NPRandu alasBombax malabaricumBiji18 26 NPSeminaiMadhuca utilisInti biji50 57 PSiur (-siur)Xanthophyllum lanceatumBiji35 40 PTengkawang tungkulShorea stenopteraInti biji45 70 PTengk. terindakIsoptera borneensisInti biji45 70 PBidaroXimenia americanaInti biji49 61NPBintaroCerbera manghas/odollamBiji43 64NPBulanganGmelina asiaticaBiji ? NPCerakin/KrotonCroton tigliumInti biji50 60 NPKampisHernandia peltataBiji? NPKemiri cinaAleurites trispermaInti biji? NPNagasari (gede)Mesua ferreaBiji35 50 NPSirsakAnnona muricataInti biji20 30 NPSrikayaAnnona squamosaBiji15 20NP

Jatropha curcasJARAK PAGAR (Jatropha cucrcas L)Tanaman tahunan sampai 50 tahun, berbentuk semak, tinggi mencapai 3 5 m. Daun agak lebar, berwarna hijau muda sampai hijau tua, semi menjari, dengan 5 7 lekukan. Berbuah pada berumur 6 bln setelah tanam, produksi maksimal tercapai setelah umur 4 tahun. Biji berbentuk oval dengan berat 0,4 0,6 g/biji, kadar minyak 30 40 % (dari kernel 50 60 %). Pada kondisi optimal dapat dipanen 2- 3 kali per tahun.

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KOMODITAS LAIN Tanaman pakan ternak, penghasil biji-bijian dan hijauan untuk makanan ternak Jagung Rumput gajah/elephant grass Kacang-kacangan

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*We will need an additional 53 M Tons per year in ten years!*Even in the most populous countries with rapidly expanding economies India and China rice accounts for 20% of protein and 30% of total calorie intake. And in amny of the regions poorest countries it accounts for over 50% of these. Clearly rice is a strategic crop*