Dbms Lab Manual (Repaired)

7/26/2019 Dbms Lab Manual (Repaired)

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LAB-PROGRAM NO:1

Roadway Travels:

Roadway travel system has several buses connecting different places in India.

Its main Office is located in one place (i.e. Hyderabad.

!he company wants to computeri"e its operation in the the following areas#

Reservations

!ic$eting

%ancellations

AIM:%reation of &ntity 'ets and identify the &ntities )ttributes Primary *eys forall the entities and any other $eys (i.e %andidate *eys +oreign *eys etc,.

if any by analy"ing above specification carefully.

CREATION OF ENTITY SETS:

En!y Se: )n &ntity set is a set of entities of same type that share same properties

or attributes.

Ar!"#es:)ttributes are descriptive properties processed by each member of an&ntity 'et.

Pr!$ary %ey: ) Primary *ey is one or more columns in a table used to uni-uely

each record in a table.

Fore!&n %ey:) +oreign $ey represents relationship between tables. !he eistence of

a foreign $eys implies that the table with the +oreign *ey is relates to the Primary

$ey table from which the +oreign *ey is derived.

CREATION OF B'S ENTITY SET:

B'S(/0'2O 'O0R%& 3&'!I2)!IO2

&ach /0' is identified by a uni-ue identification bus number that acts as a

Primary *ey.

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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CREATION OF PASSENGER ENTITY SET:

PASSENGER(P2R2O 2)5& )6& 6&23&R PP2O

&ach passenger is identified by a 0ni-ue Identification passenger number that is

considered as a Primary *ey.

CREATION OF TIC%ET ENTITY SET:

TIC%ET(!I%*&! 2O /0'2O 7O0R2&83)!& 'O0R%&

3&'!I2)!IO2 3&P!I5&

&ach !ic$et issued is identified by 0ni-ue Identification tic$et number and it is

considered as a Primary *ey.

CREATION OF RESER)ATION ENTITY SET:

RESER)ATION(P2R 2O !I%*&!2O 7O0R2&83)!&

2OO+'&)!' )33R&'' %O2!)%!2O '!)!0'

&ach reservation done is identified by uni-ue identification passenger number

which is considered as a Primary *ey to the Reservation Relation and also acts as a

+oreign *ey Relationship with the Passenger relation.

CREATION OF CANCELLATION ENTITY SET:

CANCELLATION(P2R 2O !I%*&!2O 7O0R2&83)!&2OO+'&)!' )33R&'' %O2!)%!2O '!)!0'

&ach cancellation done is identified by uni-ue identification passenger number

which is considered as a Primary *ey to the Relation %ancellation and also acts as a

+oreign *ey Relationship with the Passenger relation9

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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CREATION OF *AITINGLIST ENTITY SET:

*AITINGLIST (P2R 2O !I%*&!2O 7O0R2&83)!&

2OO+'&)!' )33R&'' %O2!)%!2O '!)!0'

&ach waitinglist passenger is identified by uni-ue identification passenger

number which is considered as a Primary *ey to the Relation waitinglist and also acts

as a +oreign *ey Relationship with the Passenger relation.

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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LAB-PROGRAM NO:+

AIM: 3raw the &)!IO2'HIP

M:10N 5)28 !O O2& R&>)!IO2'HIP

M:M 5)28 !O 5)28 R&>)!IO2'HIP

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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E-R (IAGRAM FOR B'S ENTITY SET:

E-R (IAGRAM FOR PASSENGER ENTITY SET:

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

B'S/0'2O

'O0R%&

3&'!I2)!IO2

PASSENGERP2R2O

2)5&

)6&

6&23&RPP2O


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P a g e | B

E-R (IAGRAM FOR TIC%ET ENTITY SET:

E-R (IAGRAM FOR RESER)ATION ENTITY SET:

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

TIC%ET!I%*&!2O

7O0R2&83)!

&

/0'2O

3&'!I2)!IO

23&P!!I5

&

'O0R%&

RESE)ATIONP2R2O

7O0R2&83)!&

2OO+'&)!

'

%O2!)%!2O'!)!0'

)3R&''

!I%*&!2

O


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P a g e | C

E-R (IAGRAM FOR CANCELLATION ENTITY SET:

E-R (IAGRAM FOR *AITINGLIST ENTITY SET:

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

CANCELLATIONP2R2O

7O0R2&83)!

&

2OO+'&)!

'

%O2!)%!2O'!)!0'

)3R&''

!I%*&!2O

*AITINGLISTP2R2O

7O0R2&83)!

&

2OO+'&)!

'

%O2!)%!2

O'!)!0'

)3R&''

!I%*&!2

O


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RELATIONS/IPS BET*EEN ENTITY SETS:

RELATIONS/IP BET*EEN PASSENGER AN( RESER)ATION:

M

M

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PASSENGERP2R2O

2)5&

)6&

6&23&RPP2O

RESE)ATIONP2R2O

7O0R2&83)!

&

2OO+'&)!

'

%O2!)%!2

O'!)!0'

)3R&''

!I%*&!2O

RESER)ATIO

N BOO%ING


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RELATIONS/IP BET*EEN PASSENGER AN( B'S:

M

1

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PASSENGERP2R2O

2)5&

)6&

6&23&RPP2O

TRA)E

L

B'S/0'2O 3&'!I2)!IO

2

'O0R%&


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RELATIONS/IP BET*EEN PASSENGER AN( CANCELLATION:

M

M

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PASSENGERP2R2O

2)5&

)6&

6&23&RPP2O

CANCE

L

TIC%ET

CANCELLATIONP2R2O

7O0R2&83)!

&

2OO+'&)!

'

%O2!)%!2O'!)!0'

)3R&''

!I%*&!2O


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RELATIONS/IP BET*EEN PASSENGER AN( TIC%ET:

1

1

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PASSENGERP2R2O

2)5&

)6&

6&23&RPP2O

ISS'E

TIC%ET

CONFOR

M

TIC%ET!I%*&!2O

7O0R2&83)!

&

/0'2O

3&'!I2)!IO23&P!!I5

&

'O0R%&


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RELATIONS/IP BET*EEN PASSENGER AN( *AITINGLIST:

M

M

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PASSENGERP2R2O

2)5&

)6&

6&23&RPP2O

*AITLIS

T

CONFOR

M

*AITINGLISTP2R2O

7O0R2&83)!&

2OO+'&)!

'

%O2!)%!2O'!)!0'

)3R&''

!I%*&!2

O


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LAB-PROGRAM NO:2

AIM: Represent all the &ntities (i.e /0' P)''&56&R !I%*&!

R&'&R=)!IO2 %)2%&>>)!IO2 and ?)I!I26>I'! in

tabular fashion.

Represent in a !abular +ashion and represent attributes as

columns in tables based on re-uirements.

REPRESENTING ENTITIES IN TAB'LAR FAS/ION:

TABLE: ) table is represented as a 4


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TAB'LAR FORMAT FOR B'S ENTITY SET:

Ta"le Na$e: B'S

Pr!$ary %ey: B'S4NO

TAB'LAR FORMAT FOR PASSENGER ENTITY SET:

Ta"le Na$e: PASSENGER

Pr!$ary %ey: PNR4NO

TAB'LAR FORMAT FOR TIC%ET ENTITY SET:

Ta"le Na$e: TIC%ET

Pr!$ary %ey: TIC%ET4NO

Fore!&n %ey: B'S4NO

(BMS LAB MAN'AL

B'S4NO SO'RCE (ESTINATION

PNR4NO NAME AGE GEN(ER PPNO

TIC%ET4NO B'S4NO 5O'RNEY4(ATE SO'RCE (ESTINATION (EPT4TIME


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TAB'LAR FORMAT FOR RESER)ATION ENTITY SET:

Ta"le Na$e: RESER)ATION

Pr!$ary %ey: PNR4NO

Fore!&n %ey: PNR4NO6 TIC%ET4NO

TAB'LAR FORMAT FOR CANCELLATION ENTITY SET:

Ta"le Na$e: CANCELLATION

Pr!$ary %ey: PNR4NO


(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PNR4

NO

TIC%ET4

NO

5O'RNEY 4

(ATE

NO4OF 4

SEATS

A((RESS CONTACT4NO STAT'S

PNR4

NO

TIC%ET4

NO

5O'RNEY 4

(ATE

NO4OF 4

SEATS



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TAB'LAR FORMAT FOR *AITINGLIST ENTITY SET:

Ta"le Na$e: *AITINGLISTPr!$ary %ey: PNR4NO


(BMS LAB MAN'AL

PNR4

NO

TIC%ET4

NO

5O'RNEY 4

(ATE

NO4OF 4

SEATS



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LAB-PROGRAM NO:7

Roadways Travel Syse$ - PRACTICING ((L COMMAN(S

AIM: Crea!on6 Aler!n& and (ro..!n& o, daa"ase a"les 0!8e86 B'S6 TIC%ET6

PASSENGER6 RESER)ATION6 CANCELLATION6 *AITINGLIST8

CREATION OF (ATABASE TABLES

SYNTA9: CREATE TABLE TABLENAME;0

)AR4NAME41 (ATATYPE


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CREATION OF TIC%ET TABLE

NOTE: *E CAN /A)E ONLY ONE FOREIGN %EY RELATIONS/IP *IT/ ONLY

ONE TABLE ONLY8 0!8e8 ere we are #s!n& wo Fore!&n %ey Rela!ons!.s w!

B'S TABLE

S?L; CREATE TABLE TIC%ET0TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@ NOT N'LL6

+ B'S4NO )ARC/AR+01@6

2 5O'RNEY4(ATE (ATE6

7 SO'RCE )ARC/AR+01@6

(ESTINATION )ARC/AR+01@6

D (EP4TIME )ARC/AR06

PRIMARY %EY0TIC%ET4NO6

FOREIGN %EY 0B'S4NO REFERENCES B'S >

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; (ESC TIC%ET>

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

TIC%ET4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@

B'S4NO )ARC/AR+01@

5O'RNEY4(ATE (ATE

SO'RCE )ARC/AR+01@

(ESTINATION )ARC/AR+01@(EP4TIME )ARC/AR+0

S?L;

CREATION OF PASSENGER TABLE

S?L;CREATE TABLE PASSENGER0PNR4NO N'MBER01@ NOT N'LL6

+ NAME )ARC/AR+016

2 AGE N'MBER026

7 GEN(ER C/AR01 (EFA'LT M6 PPNO )ARC/AR+016

D PRIMARY %EY 0PNR4NO >

Ta"le reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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S?L; (ESC PASSENGER

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

-------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

PNR4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@

NAME )ARC/AR+01AGE N'MBER02

GEN(ER C/AR01

PPNO )ARC/AR+01

CREATION OF RESER)ATION TABLE


ONE TABLE ONLY8 0!8e8 ere we are #s!n& wo Fore!&n %ey Rela!ons!.s w! H

PASSENGER H TIC%ET TABLES

S?L; CREATE TABLE RESER)ATION0PNR4NO N'MBER01@ NOT N'LL6

+ TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@ (EFA'LT @6


7 NO4OF4SEATS N'MBER0+ NOT N'LL6

A((RESS )ARC/AR+0+ NOT N'LL6

D CONTACT4NO N'MBER01@ NOT N'LL6

STAT'S C/AR0 (EFA'LT NO6

PRIMARY %EY 0PNR4NO6

FOREIGN %EY 0PNR4NO REFERENCES PASSENGER6

1@ FOREIGN %EY 0TIC%ET4NO REFERENCES TIC%ET >

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; (ESC RESER)ATION

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

--------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------


TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@5O'RNEY4(ATE (ATE

NO4OF4SEATS NOT N'LL N'MBER0+

A((RESS NOT N'LL )ARC/AR+0+

CONTACT4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@

STAT'S C/AR0

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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CREATION OF CANCELLATION TABLE


ONE TABLE ONLY 80!8e ere we are #s!n& wo Fore!&n %ey Rela!ons!.s w!RESER)ATION H TIC%ET TABLES

S?L; CREATE TABLE CANCELLATION0PNR4NO N'MBER01@ NOT N'LL6






STAT'S C/AR0 (EFA'LT NO6 PRIMARY %EY 0PNR4NO6

FOREIGN %EY 0PNR4NO REFERENCES RESER)ATION 6

1@ FOREIGN %EY 0TIC%ET4NO REFERENCES TIC%ET>

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; (ESC CANCELLATION

Na$e N#ll Ty.e------------------------- --------------- ---------------------------


TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@

5O'RNEY4(ATE (ATE




STAT'S C/AR0

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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CREATION OF *AITINGLIST TABLE


ONE TABLE ONLY 80!8e ere we are #s!n& wo Fore!&n %ey Rela!ons!.s w!

RESER)ATION H TIC%ET TABLES

S?L; CREATE TABLE *AITINGLIST0PNR4NO N'MBER01@ NOT N'LL6






STAT'S C/AR0 (EFA'LT NO6

PRIMARY %EY 0PNR4NO6

FOREIGN %EY 0PNR4NO REFERENCES RESER)ATION 61@ FOREIGN %EY 0TIC%ET4NO REFERENCES TIC%ET>

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; (ESC *AITINGLIST>

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

------------------------------- ------------------ ----------------------------


TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@5O'RNEY4(ATE (ATE




STAT'S C/AR0

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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ALTERING (ATABASE TABLES

SYNTA9-1: ALTER TABLE TABLE NAME; A(( NE*4COL'MN4NAME; NE*4(ATATYPE;>

SYNTA9-+: ALTER TABLE TABLE NAME;

MO(IFY COL'MN4NAME; NE*4(ATATYPE;>

SYNTA9-2: ALTER TABLE TABLE NAME;

(ROP COL'MN COL'MN4NAME; >

S?L;CREATE TABLE B'S1@10B'S4NO )ARC/AR+01@ NOT N'LL6

SO'RCE )ARC/AR+01@ NOT N'LL6

(ESTINATION )ARC/AR+01@ NOT N'LL6

PRIMARY %EY 0B'S4NO>

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; ALTER TABLE B'S1@1 MO(IFY0 B'S4NO N'MBER01@>

Ta"le alered8

S?L; (ESC B'S1@1

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------

B'S4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@

SO'RCE NOT N'LL )ARC/AR+01@

(ESTINATION NOT N'LL )ARC/AR+01@

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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S?L; ALTER TABLE B'S1@1 (ROP COL'MN (ESTINATION>

Ta"le alered8

S?L; SELECT J FROM B'S1@1>

no rows seleed

S?L; (ESC B'S1@1

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

---------------------------- ------------- ------------------------------------

B'S4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@


S?L;

(ROPPING (ATABASE TABLES

SYNTA9: (ROP TABLE TABLENAME;>

(ROPPING B'S TABLE

S?L; (ROP TABLE B'S>

Ta"le dro..ed8

(ROPPING CANCELLATION TABLE

S?L; (ROP TABLE CANCELLATION>

Ta"le dro..ed8

(ROPPING *AITINGLIST TABLE

S?L; (ROP TABLE *AITINGLIST>

Ta"le dro..ed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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(ROPPING RESER)ATION TABLE

S?L; (ROP TABLE RESER)ATION>

Ta"le dro..ed8

(ROPPING PASSENGER TABLE

S?L; (ROP TABLE PASSENGER>

Ta"le dro..ed8

(ROPPING TIC%ET TABLE

S?L; (ROP TABLE TIC%ET>

Ta"le dro..ed8

S?L;

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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LAB-PROGRAM NO:

Roadways Travel Syse$ - PRACTICING (ML COMMAN(S

AIM: (ML o.era!ons !8e8 Sele!n&6 Inser!n&6 '.da!n& and (ele!n& rows o, daa"ase

a"les 0!8e86 B'S6 TIC%ET6 PASSENGER6 RESER)ATION6 CANCELLATION6

*AITINGLIST8

SELECT RETRI)E (ATA FROM (ATABASE

INSERT INSERT (ATA INTO A TABLE

'P(ATE 'P(ATES E9ISTING (ATA *IT/IN A TABLE

(ELETE (ELETES ALL RECOR(S FROM ATABLE OR T/E

SPECIFIE( RECOR(S BASE( ON */ERE CON(ITION

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO (ATABASE TABLES

SYNTA9-1: INSERT INTO TABLE4NAME;

)AL'ES 0ATTRIB'TE-16 ATTRIB'TE-+6 KK>

SYNTA9-+: INSERT INTO TABLE4NAME;

)AL'ES 0HATTRIB'TE-16 HATTRIB'TE-+6 KK >

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO B'S TABLE

S?L; INSERT INTO B'S

+ )AL'ES0AP@+-11116ANANTAP'R6/Y(ERABA(>

1 row reaed8


+ )AL'ES0AP@+-++++6ANANTAP'R6BANGALORE>

1 row reaed8


+ )AL'ES0AP@+-22226/IN('P'R6TIR'PATI>

1 row reaed8


+ )AL'ES0HB'S4NO6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATION>

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | 4B

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-7777

Ener val#e ,or so#re: MA(ANAPALI

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: OOTY

old +: )AL'ES0HB'S4NO6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATION

new +: )AL'ES0AP@+-77776MA(ANAPALI6OOTY

1 row reaed8


+ )AL'ES0HB'S4NO6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATION>

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-

Ener val#e ,or so#re: TIR'PATI

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: BANGALORE


new +: )AL'ES0AP@+-6TIR'PATI6BANGALORE

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N

1 INSERT INTO B'S

+J )AL'ES0HB'S4NO6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATION

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-DDDD

Ener val#e ,or so#re: BANGALORE

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: /Y(ERABA(


new +: )AL'ES0AP@+-DDDD6BANGALORE6/Y(ERABA(

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3


Ener val#e ,or so#re: %A(IRI

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: S/IRI(I


new +: )AL'ES0AP@+-6%A(IRI6S/IRI(I

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3


Ener val#e ,or so#re: ANATAP'R

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: %ANC/I


new +: )AL'ES0AP@+-6ANATAP'R6%ANC/I

1 row reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | 4C

S?L; R'N

1 INSERT INTO B'S

+J )AL'ES0HB'S4NO6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATION


Ener val#e ,or so#re: BANGALOREEner val#e ,or des!na!on: P'TAAPARTY


new +: )AL'ES0AP@+-6BANGALORE6P'TAAPARTY

1 row reaed8

(ISPALYING TABLE )AL'ES BY 'SING SELECT COMMAN(

S?L; SELECT J FROM B'S>


---------- ---------- ----------

AP@+-1111 ANANTAP'R /Y(ERABA(

AP@+-++++ ANANTAP'R BANGALORE

AP@+-2222 /IN('P'R TIR'PATI

AP@+-7777 MA(ANAPALI OOTY

AP@+- TIR'PATI BANGALORE

AP@+-DDDD BANGALORE /Y(ERABA(

AP@+- %A(IRI S/IRI(I

AP@+- ANATAP'R %ANC/I

AP@+- BANGALORE P'TAAPARTY

rows seleed8

S?L;

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO TIC%ET TABLE

S?L; ALTER TABLE TIC%ET MO(IFY 05O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@ >

Ta"le alered8

S?L; SELECT J FROM TIC%ET>

no rows seleed

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | 4D

S?L; (ESC TIC%ET

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

---------------------------- ------------------ -------------------------------

TIC%ET4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@

B'S4NO )ARC/AR+01@5O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@

SO'RCE )ARC/AR+01@

(ESTINATION )ARC/AR+01@

(EP4TIME )ARC/AR+0

S?L; INSERT INTO TIC%ET

+

)AL'ES0HTIC%ET4NO6HB'S4NO6H5O'RNEY4(ATE6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATI

ON6H(EPT4TIME>

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@1

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-1111Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: +3MAR311

Ener val#e ,or so#re: ANANTAP'R


Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: 1@:2@ PM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@16AP@+-11116+3MAR3116ANANTAP'R6/Y(ERABA(61@:2@

PM

1 row reaed8


+


ON6H(EPT4TIME>

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@+

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-++++

Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 173MAY311



Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: 1@:7 PM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@+6AP@+-++++6173MAY3116ANANTAP'R6BANGALORE61@:7

PM

1 row reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | 4E


+


ON6H(EPT4TIME>

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@2Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-2222

Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: ++35'N311

Ener val#e ,or so#re: /IN('P'R

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: TIR'TATI

Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: 11:2@ AM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@26AP@+-22226++35'N3116/IN('P'R6TIR'TATI611:2@ AM

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N

1 INSERT INTO TIC%ET

+J


ON6H(EPT4TIME


Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-7777

Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 1+3NO)311

Ener val#e ,or so#re: MA(ANAPALI

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: OOTY

Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: 1+:2@ PM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@76AP@+-777761+3NO)3116MA(ANAPALI6OOTY61+:2@ PM

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@


Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: @3APR311

Ener val#e ,or so#re: TIR'PATI


Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: @+:2@ PM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@6AP@+-6@3APR3116TIR'PATI6BANGALORE6@+:2@ PM

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | :F

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N

1 INSERT INTO TIC%ET

+J)AL'ES0HTIC%ET4NO6HB'S4NO6H5O'RNEY4(ATE6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATI

ON6H(EPT4TIME

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@D

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-DDDD




Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: @:7 AM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIMEnew +: )AL'ES011@D6AP@+-DDDD6@3APR3116BANGALORE 6/Y(ERABA(6@:7

AM

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3



Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 1@3APR311

Ener val#e ,or so#re: %A(IRI

Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: S/IRI(I

Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: @:2@ AM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@6AP@+-61@3APR3116%A(IRI6S/IRI(I6@:2@ AM

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3



Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: +@3APR311


Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: %ANC/I

Ener val#e ,or de.4!$e: @1:7 PM

old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


31/110

P a g e | :1

new +: )AL'ES011@6AP@+-6+@3APR3116ANANTAP'R6%ANC/I6@1:7 PM

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-

Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: ++3APR311


Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: P'TAAPARTY


old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIME

new +: )AL'ES011@6AP@+-6++3APR3116BANGALORE6P'TAAPARTY6@:1

AM

1 row reaed8


S?L; SELECT J FROM TIC%ET>

TIC%ET4NO B'S4NO 5O'RNEY4(A SO'RCE (ESTINATIO (EP4TIME

------------------ ---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------- ----------

11@1 AP@+-1111 +3MAR311 ANANTAP'R /Y(ERABA( 1@:2@ PM

11@+ AP@+-++++ 173MAY311 ANANTAP'R BANGALORE 1@:7 PM11@2 AP@+-2222 ++35'N311 /IN('P'R TIR'TATI 11:2@ AM

11@7 AP@+-7777 1+3NO)311 MA(ANAPALI OOTY 1+:2@ PM

11@ AP@+- @3APR311 TIR'PATI BANGALORE @+:2@ PM

11@D AP@+-DDDD @3APR311 BANGALORE /Y(ERABA( @:7 AM

11@ AP@+- 1@3APR311 %A(IRI S/IRI(I @:2@ AM

11@ AP@+- +@3APR311 ANANTAP'R %ANC/I @1:7 PM

11@ AP@+- ++3APR311 BANGALORE P'TAAPARTY @:1 AM

rows seleed8

S?L; COMMIT>

Co$$! o$.lee8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


32/110

P a g e | :4

NOTE: Ine&r!y Consra!n 0PRIMARY %EY3FOREIGN %EY v!olaed as

sown "elow


+)AL'ES0HTIC%ET4NO6HB'S4NO6H5O'RNEY4(ATE6HSO'RCE6H(ESTINATI

ON6H(EPT4TIME>

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 1@@1

Ener val#e ,or "#s4no: AP@+-1+1+



Ener val#e ,or des!na!on: P'TAAPARTY


old +:


ON6H(EPT4TIMEnew +: )AL'ES01@@16AP@+-1+1+6++3APR3116BANGALORE6P'TAAPARTY6@:1

AM

INSERT INTO TIC%ET

J

ERROR a l!ne 1:

ORA-@++1: !ne&r!y onsra!n 0SYSTEM8SYS4C@@22 v!olaed - .aren ey no

,o#nd

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO PASSENGER TABLE

S?L; INSERT INTO PASSENGER

+ )AL'ES0HPNR4NO6HNAME6HAGE6HGEN(ER6HPPNO>

Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1++1

Ener val#e ,or na$e: C/AITANYA

Ener val#e ,or a&e: +

Ener val#e ,or &ender: M

Ener val#e ,or ..no: A@@+

old +: )AL'ES0HPNR4NO6HNAME6HAGE6HGEN(ER6HPPNO

new +: )AL'ES01++16C/AITANYA6+6M6A@@+

1 row reaed8



Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1+++

Ener val#e ,or na$e: S/ILPA

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


33/110

P a g e | ::

Ener val#e ,or a&e: ++

Ener val#e ,or &ender: F

Ener val#e ,or ..no: A@@2


new +: )AL'ES01+++6S/ILPA6++6F6A@@2

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3


Ener val#e ,or na$e: %RIS/NA



Ener val#e ,or ..no: A@@7


new +: )AL'ES01++26%RIS/NA6+6M6A@@7

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N

1 INSERT INTO PASSENGER

+J )AL'ES0HPNR4NO6HNAME6HAGE6HGEN(ER6HPPNO


Ener val#e ,or na$e: MO/AN

Ener val#e ,or a&e: +D


Ener val#e ,or ..no: A@@


new +: )AL'ES01++76MO/AN6+D6M6A@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1++

Ener val#e ,or na$e: SAI(EEPT/I

Ener val#e ,or a&e: +7


Ener val#e ,or ..no: A@@D


new +: )AL'ES01++6SAI(EEPT/I6+76F6A@@D

1 row reaed8



Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1++D

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


34/110

P a g e | :;

Ener val#e ,or na$e: %IRAN





new +: )AL'ES01++D6%IRAN6+6M6A@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3


Ener val#e ,or na$e: /ONEY

Ener val#e ,or a&e: ++




new +: )AL'ES01++6/ONEY6++6F6A@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3


Ener val#e ,or na$e: AR'N





new +: )AL'ES01++6AR'N6+6M6A@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3


Ener val#e ,or na$e: MAMAT/A

Ener val#e ,or a&e: +2


Ener val#e ,or ..no: A@1@


new +: )AL'ES01++6MAMAT/A6+26F6A@1@

1 row reaed8

S?L; COMMIT>

Co$$! o$.lee8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


35/110

P a g e | :A


S?L; SELECT J FROM PASSENGER>

PNR4NO NAME AGE G PPNO

---------- --------------- --------- -- ---------------

1++1 C/AITANYA + M A@@+

1+++ S/ILPA ++ F A@@2

1++2 %RIS/NA + M A@@7

1++7 MO/AN +D M A@@

1++ SAI(EEPT/I +7 F A@@D

1++D %IRAN + M A@@

1++ /ONEY ++ F A@@

1++ AR'N + M A@@

1++ MAMAT/A +2 F A@1@

rows seleed8

S?L;

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO RESER)ATION TABLE

S?L; ALTER TABLE RESER)ATION MO(IFY05O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@>

Ta"le alered8

S?L; (ESC RESER)ATION

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------


TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@

5O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@




STAT'S C/AR0

S?L; COMMIT>

Co$$! o$.lee8

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


36/110

P a g e | :B

S?L; INSERT INTO RESER)ATION

+

)AL'ES0HPNR4NO6HTIC%ET4NO6H5O'RNEY4(ATE6HNO4OF4SEATS6H

A((RESS6HCONTACT4NO6HSTAT'S>


Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@1Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: +3MAR311

Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: 7

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:1-A-@16ATP

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: DD

Ener val#e ,or sa#s: YES

old +:


A((RESS6HCONTACT4NO6HSTAT'S

new +: )AL'ES01++1611@16+3MAR311676/NO:1-A-@16ATP6DD6YES

1 row reaed8


+



Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1+++

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@+

Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 173MAY311

Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: +

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:1-A-@+6ATP

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: DD77


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01+++611@+6173MAY3116+6/NO:1-A-@+6ATP6DD776YES

1 row reaed8


+





Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: ++35'N311

Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: D

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:1-B-@76/(P

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


37/110

P a g e | :C

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: DD7722


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++2611@26++35'N3116D6/NO:1-B-@76/(P6DD77226YES

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N

1 INSERT INTO RESER)ATION

+J





Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 1+3NO)311Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: 2

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:1-C-@6MPL

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: ++2211

Ener val#e ,or sa#s:

old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++7611@761+3NO)311626/NO:1-C-@6MPL6++22116

1 row reaed8


+







Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:+-1-+++6TPT

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: 11DD

Ener val#e ,or sa#s: NO

old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++611@6@3APR311676/NO:+-1-+++6TPT611DD6NO

1 row reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


38/110

P a g e | :D

S?L; R'N


+J



Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1++DEner val#e ,or !e4no: 11@D



Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:2-+-1+6ATP

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: 22


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++D611@D6@3APR311616/NO:2-+-1+6ATP6226YES

1 row reaed8


+





Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 1@3APR311

Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: D

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:7-2-DDD6%(R

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: D72+11


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++611@61@3APR3116D6/NO:7-2-DDD6%(R6D72+116YES

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N


+J







(BMS LAB MAN'AL


39/110

P a g e | :E

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:7-2-6TPT

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: ++2277DD

Ener val#e ,or sa#s: NO

old +:


A((RESS6HCONTACT4NO6HSTAT'Snew +: )AL'ES01++611@6+@3APR311676/NO:7-2-6TPT6++2277DD6NO

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3




Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: 1@

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:--7776MPL

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: 11++7722Ener val#e ,or sa#s: YES

old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++611@6++3APR31161@6/NO:--7776MPL611++77226YES

1 row reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


40/110

P a g e | ;F


S?L; SELECT J FROM RESER)ATION>

PNR4NO TIC%ET4NO 5O'RNEY4(A NO4OF4SEATS A((RESS

--------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------------------

CONTACT4NO STAT'S

------------------------- --------------------

1++1 11@1 +3MAR311 7 /NO:1-A-@16ATP

DD YES

1+++ 11@+ 173MAY311 + /NO:1-A-@+6ATP

DD77 YES

1++2 11@2 ++35'N311 D /NO:1-B-@76/(P

DD7722 YES

1++7 11@7 1+3NO)311 2 /NO:1-C-@6MPL

++2211 NO

1++ 11@ @3APR311 7 /NO:+-1-+++6TPT

11DD NO

1++D 11@D @3APR311 1 /NO:2-+-1+6ATP22 YES

1++ 11@ 1@3APR311 D /NO:7-2-DDD6%(R

D72+11 YES

1++ 11@ +@3APR311 7 /NO:7-2-6TPT

++2277DD NO

1++ 11@ ++3APR311 1@ /NO:--7776MPL

11++7722 YES

rows seleed8

S?L; COMMIT>

Co$$! o$.lee8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


41/110

P a g e | ;1

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO CANCELLATION TABLE

S?L; ALTER TABLE CANCELLATION MO(IFY05O'RNEY4(ATE

)ARC/AR+01@>

Ta"le alered8

S?L; (ESC CANCELLATION

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------


TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@

5O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@



CONTACT4NO NOT N'LL N'MBER01@STAT'S C/AR0

S?L;

S?L; INSERT INTO CANCELLATION

+





Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: +3MAR311Ener val#e ,or no4o,4seas: 7

Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:1-A-@16ATP

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: DD


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++1611@16+3MAR311676/NO:1-A-@16ATP6DD6YES

1 row reaed8

S?L; INSERT INTO CANCELLATION

+



Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1++D

Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@D


(BMS LAB MAN'AL


42/110

P a g e | ;4


Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:2-2-1+6ATP

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: 22


old +:

)AL'ES0HPNR4NO6HTIC%ET4NO6H5O'RNEY4(ATE6HNO4OF4SEATS6HA((RESS6HCONTACT4NO6HSTAT'S

new +: )AL'ES01++D611@D6@3APR311616/NO:2-2-1+6ATP6226YES

1 row reaed8

S?L;


S?L; SELECT J FROM CANCELLATION>


---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------- -------------------------

CONTACT4NO STAT'S

---------- ------------ --------

1++1 11@1 +3MAR311 7 /NO:1-A-@16ATP

DD YES

1++D 11@D @3APR311 1 /NO:2-2-1+6ATP22 YES

INSERTION OF )AL'ES INTO *AITINGLIST TABLE

S?L; ALTER TABLE *AITINGLIST MO(IFY05O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@>

Ta"le alered8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


43/110

P a g e | ;:

S?L; (ESC *AITINGLIST

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

---------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------------


TIC%ET4NO N'MBER01@

5O'RNEY4(ATE )ARC/AR+01@NO4OF4SEATS NOT N'LL N'MBER0+



STAT'S C/AR0

S?L; INSERT INTO *AITINGLIST

+



Ener val#e ,or .nr4no: 1++7Ener val#e ,or !e4no: 11@7

Ener val#e ,or o#rney4dae: 1+3NO)311


Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:1-C-@6MPL

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: ++2211


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++7611@761+3NO)311626/NO:1-C-@6MPL6++22116YES

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3





Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:+-1-+++6TPT

Ener val#e ,or ona4no: 11DD


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++611@6@3APR311676/NO:+-1-+++6TPT611DD6YES

1 row reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


44/110

P a g e | ;;

S?L; 3





Ener val#e ,or address: /NO:7-2-6TPTEner val#e ,or ona4no: ++2277DD


old +:



new +: )AL'ES01++611@6+@3APR311676/NO:7-2-6TPT6++2277DD6YES

1 row reaed8


S?L; SELECT J FROM *AITINGLIST>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONTACT4NO STAT'

-------------------------------------

1++7 11@7 1+3NO)311 2 /NO:1-C-@6MPL++2211 YES

1++ 11@ @3APR311 7 /NO:+-1-+++6TPT

11DD YES

1++ 11@ +@3APR311 7 /NO:7-2-6TPT

++2277DD YES

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


45/110

P a g e | ;A

'P(ATING TABLE )AL'ES BY 'SING 'P(ATE COMMAN(

SYNTA9: 'P(ATE TABLENAME;

SET COL'MN4NAMEE9PRESSION

1 row #.daed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


46/110

P a g e | ;B

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET SO'RCE/Y(ERAB(6 (ESTINATIONB/A)ANI

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@Q-1+1+>

1 row #.daed8


B'S4NO SO'RCE (ESTINATIO

---------- ------------------------------------------------------------




AP@+-7777 MA(ANAPALI OOTY



AP@+- %A(IRI S/IRI(IAP@+- ANATAP'R %ANC/I


AP@Q-1+1+ /Y(ERAB( B/A)ANI

AP@Q-1212 TIR'PA/I MYSORE


---------- ------------------------------------------------------------

AP@Q-1717 %A(IRI MA('RAI

1+ rows seleed8

S?L;

(ELETING TABLE )AL'ES BY 'SING (ELETE COMMAN(

SYNTA9: (ELETE FROM TABLENAME;

NOTE:

*/ERE CLA'SE IF ALL RECOR(S 0 T'PLES3RO*S TO BE (ELETE( FROMSPECIFIE( RELATION3TABLE6 T/EN6 NO NEE( TO 'SE

T/E */ERE CLA'SE8

S?L; (ELETE FROM B'S

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


47/110

P a g e | ;C

+ */ERE B'S4NOAP@Q-1+1+>

1 row deleed8

S?L; (ELETE FROM B'S

+ */ERE B'S4NOAP@Q-1212>

1 row deleed8



---------- ------------------------------------------------------------




AP@+-7777 MA(ANAPALI OOTYAP@+- TIR'PATI BANGALORE






1@ rows seleed8

S?L; (ELETE FROM CANCELLATION>

NOTE: ALL RECOR(S 0T'PLES3RO*S *ILL BE (ELETE( FROM SPECIFIE(

RELATION3TABLE !8e8 CANCELLATION8

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

LAB-PROGRAM NO:D

Roadways Travel Syse$ - ?#er!es alon& w! S#" ?#er!es

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


48/110

P a g e | ;D

AIM: ?#er!es alon& w! S#" ?#er!es on daa"ase a"les 0!8e86 B'S6 TIC%ET6

PASSENGER6 RESER)ATION6 CANCELLATION6 And *AITINGLIST #s!n&

BET*EEN6 ANY6 ALL6 IN6 E!ss6 NOT E9ISTS6 'NION6 INTERSECT6

Consra!ns e888

SPECIAL OPERATORS IN S?L:

IN 'sed o e weer an ar!"#e val#e $aes any

val#e w!!n a val#e se8

BET*EEN 'sed o e weer an ar!"#e val#e !s w!!n s.e!,!ed

Ran&e 0!8e8 "eween /!&es H Lowes val#e8

LI%E #sed o e weer an ar!"#e val#e $aes a &!venSr!n& Paern8

E9ISTS 'sed o e weer a S#" ?#ery re#rns any rows8

ANY6 ALL Co$.ares a val#e o ea val#e !n a l!s8

SET OPERATION IN S?L:

'NION Te 'NION o.era!on o$"!nes wo Rela!ons and

ao$!ally el!$!naes (#.l!ae val#es8

INTERSECT Te INTERSECT o.era!on ,!nds e o$$on T#.les o,

wo Rela!ons and el!$!naes (#.l!ae T#.les8

MIN'S3E9CEPT T!s o.era!on o$"!nes T#.les 3 Rows ,ro$ +

rela!ons and re#rns only e Rows a a..ear !n

e F!rs Rela!on se H NOT IN Seond Rela!onSe and ao$!ally el!$!naes (#.l!ae val#es8

?#er!es alon& w! S#" ?#er!es


(BMS LAB MAN'AL


49/110

P a g e | ;E


----------------------------------------------------------------------



AP@+-2222 /IN('P'R TIR'PATIAP@+-7777 MA(ANAPALI OOTY







1@ rows seleed8

S?L; ALTER TABLE B'S + A(( B'S4TYPE )ARC/AR+01@>

Ta"le alered8

S?L; (ESC B'S

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------

B'S4NO NOT N'LL )ARC/AR+01@


(ESTINATION NOT N'LL )ARC/AR+01@

B'S4TYPE )ARC/AR+01@

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET B'S4TYPEAC

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@+-1111>

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 3

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET B'S4TYPENON4AC

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@+-++++>

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


50/110

P a g e | AF

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET B'S4TYPEAC

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@+-2222>

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET B'S4TYPEAC

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@+-7777>

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S


2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@+->

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET B'S4TYPEAC

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@+-DDDD>

1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S

+ SET B'S4TYPEAC


1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S



1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S



1 row #.daed8

S?L; 'P(ATE B'S


(BMS LAB MAN'AL


51/110

P a g e | A1

2 */ERE B'S4NOAP@Q-1717>

1 row #.daed8


B'S4NO SO'RCE (ESTINATIO B'S4TYPE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AP@+-1111 ANANTAP'R /Y(ERABA( AC

AP@+-++++ ANANTAP'R BANGALORE NON4AC

AP@+-2222 /IN('P'R TIR'PATI AC

AP@+-7777 MA(ANAPALI OOTY AC

AP@+- TIR'PATI BANGALORE NON4AC

AP@+-DDDD BANGALORE /Y(ERABA( AC

AP@+- %A(IRI S/IRI(I AC

AP@+- ANATAP'R %ANC/I NON4AC

AP@+- BANGALORE P'TAAPARTY NON4ACAP@Q-1717 %A(IRI MA('RAI NON4AC

1@ rows seleed8

S?L; COMMIT>

Co$$! o$.lee8

S?L;

?'ERY-1: (!s.lay e dea!ls o, .assen&ers wo are ravel!n& !n AC

0's!n& only IN O.eraor8

S?L; SELECT J FROM RESER)ATION

+ */ERE TIC%ET4NO IN 0 SELECT TIC%ET4NO FROM TIC%ET

2 */ERE B'S4NO IN 0 SELECT B'S4NO FROM B'S

7 */ERE B'S4TYPEAC>


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONTACT4NO STAT'S

-------------------------------------

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


52/110

P a g e | A4

1++1 11@1 +3MAR311 7 /NO:1-A-@16ATP

DD YES

1++2 11@2 ++35'N311 D /NO:1-B-@76/(P

DD7722 YES

1++7 11@7 1+3NO)311 2 /NO:1-C-@6MPL

++2211

1++D 11@D @3APR311 1 /NO:2-+-1+6ATP

22 YES

1++ 11@ 1@3APR311 D /NO:7-2-DDD6%(R

D72+11 YES

S?L;

?'ERY-+: (!s.lay e dea!ls o, .assen&ers wo are ravel!n& IN NON4AC

0's!n& only IN O.eraor8

S?L; SELECT J FROM RESER)ATION

+ */ERE TIC%ET4NO IN 0 SELECT TIC%ET4NO FROM TIC%ET

2 */ERE B'S4NO IN 0 SELECT B'S4NO FROM B'S

7 */ERE B'S4TYPENON4AC>


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTACT4NO STAT'S

-------------------------------------

1+++ 11@+

173MAY311 + /NO:1-A-@+6ATP

DD77 YES

1++ 11@ @3APR311 7 /NO:+-1-+++6TPT

11DD NO

1++ 11@ +@3APR311 7 /NO:7-2-6TPT

++2277DD NO

1++ 11@ ++3APR311 1@ /NO:--7776MPL

11++7722 YES

S?L;

?'ERY-2: (!s.lay e na$es o, all .assen&ers w! are !n anella!on

and wa!!n& l!s8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


53/110

P a g e | A:



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONTACT4NO STAT'S

----------------------------------------1++1 11@1 +3MAR311 7 /NO:1-A-@16ATP

DD YES

1++D 11@D @3APR311 1 /NO:2-2-1+6ATP

22 YES

S?L; SELECT J FROM *AITINGLIST>


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTACT4NO STAT'S

----------------------------------------

1++7 11@7 1+3NO)311 2 /NO:1-C-@6MPL

++2211 YES

1++ 11@ @3APR311 7 /NO:+-1-+++6TPT

11DD YES

1++ 11@ +@3APR311 7 /NO:7-2-6TPT

++2277DD YES

S?L; 0 SELECT PNR4NO6 TIC%ET4NO FROM CANCELLATION

+ 'NION

2 0 SELECT PNR4NO6 TIC%ET4NO FROM *AITINGLIST >

PNR4NO TIC%ET4NO

--------------------------------------------

1++1 11@1

1++7 11@7

1++ 11@

1++D 11@D

1++ 11@

S?L; 0 SELECT PNR4NO6 TIC%ET4NO FROM *AITINGLIST >

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


54/110

P a g e | A;

PNR4NO TIC%ET4NO

----------------------------------------

1++7 11@7

1++ 11@

1++ 11@

S?L; 0 SELECT PNR4NO6 TIC%ET4NO FROM CANCELLATION

+ 'NION ALL

2 0 SELECT PNR4NO6 TIC%ET4NO FROM *AITINGLIST >

PNR4NO TIC%ET4NO

--------------------------------------

1++1 11@1

1++D 11@D

1++7 11@7

1++ 11@

1++ 11@

S?L;

?'ERY-7: (!s.lay 'n!#e PNR4NO o, all .assen&ers8



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1++1 C/AITANYA + M A@@+ 1+++ S/ILPA ++ F A@@2

1++2 %RIS/NA + M A@@7

1++7 MO/AN +D M A@@


1++D %IRAN + M A@@

1++ /ONEY ++ F A@@

1++ AR'N + M A@@

1++ MAMAT/A +2 F A@1@

rows seleed8

S?L; SELECT PNR4NO6 NAME

+ FROM PASSENGER>

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


55/110

P a g e | AA

PNR4NO NAME

----------------------------------------

1++1 C/AITANYA

1+++ S/ILPA

1++2 %RIS/NA 1++7 MO/AN

1++ SAI(EEPT/I

1++D %IRAN

1++ /ONEY

1++ AR'N

1++ MAMAT/A

rows seleed8

S?L;

?'ERY-: (!s.lay all e na$es o, Male 0M all .assen&ers only8

S?L; SELECT NAME FROM PASSENGER

+ */ERE GEN(ERM>

NAME

---------------

C/AITANYA

%RIS/NA

MO/AN%IRAN

AR'N

S?L;

?'ERY-D: (!s.lay e T!e N#$"ers and Na$es o, all .assen&ers only8

S?L; SELECT P8NAME6 R8TIC%ET4NO

+ FROM PASSENGER P6 RESER)ATION R

2 */ERE R8PNR4NO P8PNR4NO >

NAME TIC%ET4NO

-------------------------------------------------------

C/AITANYA 11@1

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


56/110

P a g e | AB

S/ILPA 11@+

%RIS/NA 11@2

MO/AN 11@7

SAI(EEPT/I 11@

%IRAN 11@D

/ONEY 11@AR'N 11@

MAMAT/A 11@

rows seleed8

S?L;

?'ERY-: F!nd e T!e N#$"ers o, .assen&ers wose na$e

sar w! %8

S?L; SELECT P8NAME6 R8TIC%ET4NO + FROM PASSENGER P6 RESER)ATION R

2 */ERE 0R8PNR4NO P8PNR4NO AN( 0P8NAME LI%E %>

NAME TIC%ET4NO

-------------------------------------------------

%RIS/NA 11@2

%IRAN 11@D

S?L;

?'ERY-: F!nd e T!e N#$"ers o, .assen&ers wose na$eends w! A8



2 */ERE 0R8PNR4NO P8PNR4NO AN( 0P8NAME LI%E A>

NAME TIC%ET4NO

--------------------------------------------------

C/AITANYA 11@1

S/ILPA 11@+%RIS/NA 11@2

MAMAT/A 11@

S?L;

?'ERY-: F!nd e T!e N#$"ers o, .assen&ers wose na$es w! as

AI !n $!ddle or ends w! A8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


57/110

P a g e | AC



2 */ERE 0R8PNR4NO P8PNR4NO AN(

7 0P8NAME LI%E AI OR P8NAME LI%E A>

NAME TIC%ET4NO

------------------------------------------------

C/AITANYA 11@1

S/ILPA 11@+

%RIS/NA 11@2

SAI(EEPT/I 11@

MAMAT/A 11@

S?L;

?'ERY-1@: F!nd e T!e N#$"ers o, .assen&ers wose na$es w!

sars w! S and AI !n $!ddle and ends w! I8



2 */ERE 0R8PNR4NO P8PNR4NO AN(

7 0P8NAME LI%E S AN( P8NAME LI%E AI AN( P8NAME LI%E I>

NAME TIC%ET4NO

-----------------------------------------------

SAI(EEPT/I 11@

S?L;

?'ERY-11: F!nd e Na$es o, .assen&ers wose a&e !s "eween +@ and +8



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(BMS LAB MAN'AL


58/110

P a g e | AD

1+++ S/ILPA ++ F A@@2

1++2 %RIS/NA + M A@@7

1++7 MO/AN +D M A@@


1++D %IRAN + M A@@

1++ /ONEY ++ F A@@ 1++ AR'N + M A@@

1++ MAMAT/A +2 F A@1@

rows seleed8


+ */ERE AGE BET*EEN +@ AN( +>

NAME

---------------

S/ILPA%RIS/NA

SAI(EEPT/I

/ONEY

AR'N

MAMAT/A

D rows seleed8

?'ERY-1+: F!nd all e .assen&ers na$es "e&!nn!n& w! S8



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


1+++ S/ILPA ++ F A@@2

1++2 %RIS/NA + M A@@7

1++7 MO/AN +D M A@@


1++D %IRAN + M A@@

1++ /ONEY ++ F A@@

1++ AR'N + M A@@ 1++ MAMAT/A +2 F A@1@

rows seleed8


+ */ERE NAME LI%E S>

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


59/110

P a g e | AE

NAME

---------------

S/ILPA

SAI(EEPT/I

?'ERY-12: (!s.lay e sored l!s o, .assen&ers na$es8



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


1+++ S/ILPA ++ F A@@2

1++2 %RIS/NA + M A@@7

1++7 MO/AN +D M A@@


1++D %IRAN + M A@@ 1++ /ONEY ++ F A@@

1++ AR'N + M A@@

1++ MAMAT/A +2 F A@1@

rows seleed8

S?L; SELECT NAME

+ FROM PASSENGER

2 OR(ER BY NAME>

NAME---------------

AR'N

C/AITANYA

/ONEY

%IRAN

%RIS/NA

MAMAT/A

MO/AN

SAI(EEPT/I

S/ILPA

rows seleed8

S?L;

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

LAB-PROGRAM NO:

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


60/110

P a g e | BF

Roadways Travel Syse$ - ?#er!es #s!n& A&&re&ae F#n!ons

AIM: ?#er!es #s!n& A&&re&ae ,#n!ons on daa"ase a"les 0!8e86 B'S6 TIC%ET6

PASSENGER6 RESER)ATION6 CANCELLATION6 And *AITINGLIST0 !8e8 CO'NT6 MIN6 MA96 S'M H A)G 6 GRO'P BY6 /A)ING H rea!on and

dro..!n& o, v!ews8

AGGREGATE F'NCTIONS

A&&re&ae ,#n!ons are ,#n!ons a ae a olle!on o, val#es as

INP'T and re#rn a SINGLE val#e8

CO'NT Te n#$"er o, rows ona!n!n& NON-N'LL val#es8

MIN Te $!n!$#$ ar!"#e val#e eno#nered !n a &!ven ol#$n8

MA9 Te $a!$#$ ar!"#e val#e eno#nered !n a &!ven ol#$n8

S'M Te s#$ o, all val#es ,or a &!ven ol#$n8

A)G Te ar!$e! $ean 0Avera&e ,or a S.e!,!ed ol#$n8

CO'NT T!s ,#n!on !s #sed o Tally 0!8e8 Co#n e n#$"er o, NON-

N'LL val#es o, an ar!"#e

?#er!es #s!n& A&&re&ae ,#n!ons

?'ERY-1: F!nd n#$"er o, seas "ooed ,or ea PNR4NO #s!n&

OR(ER BY la#se8

S?L; SELECT PNR4NO6 NO4OF4SEATS

+ FROM RESER)ATION

2 OR(ER BY PNR4NO>

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


61/110

P a g e | B1

PNR4NO NO4OF4SEATS

----------------------------------------

1++1 7

1+++ +

1++2 D

1++7 2 1++ 7

1++D 1

1++ D

1++ 7

1++ 1@

rows seleed8

S?L;

?'ERY-+: F!nd e n#$"er o, (ISTINCT Passen&er N#$"ers a are.resen8

S?L; SELECT CO'NT 0 (ISTINCT P8NAME

+ FROM PASSENGER P>

CO'NT0(ISTINCTP8NAME

---------------------

S?L;

?'ERY-2: F!nd e n#$"er o, T!es "ooed ,or ea .assen&er were e

n#$"er o, seas !s &reaer an one 0!8e8 ;18

S?L; SELECT CO'NT0 (ISTINCT R8TIC%ET4NO

+ FROM RESER)ATION R

2 */ERE NO4OF4SEATS ; 1

7 OR(ER BY PNR4NO ASC>

CO'NT0(ISTINCT R8TIC%ET4NO-------------------------------------------------

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


62/110

P a g e | B4

?'ERY-7: F!nd e oal n#$"er o, anelled seas8



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTACT4NO STAT'S

-------------------------------------

1++1 11@1 +3MAR311 7 /NO:1-A-@16ATP

DD YES

1++D 1@D @3APR311 1 /NO:2-2-1+6ATP

22 YES

S?L; SELECT S'M0 C8NO4OF4SEATS

+ FROM CANCELLATION C 2 */ERE STAT'SYES>

S'M0C8NO4OF4SEATS

-------------------------------------

S?L;

?'ERY-: (!s.lay d!,,eren ravell!n& .os!!ons ava!la"le ,or AC B#ses !n

dereas!n& order !n Roadways Travel Syse$8

S?L; SELECT B'S4NO6 SO'RCE6 (ESTINATION

+ FROM B'S

2 */ERE B'S4TYPEAC

7 OR(ER BY B'S4NO (ESC>


---------------------------------------------------------------------------



AP@+-7777 MA(ANAPALI OOTYAP@+-2222 /IN('P'R TIR'PATI


S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


63/110

P a g e | B:

?'ERY-D: (!s.lay l!s o, .assen&er n#$"ers .resen !n e .assen&er and

anella!on a"les #s!n& 'NION o.eraor

S?L; 0 SELECT P8PNR4NO FROM PASSENGER P

+ 'NION

2 0 SELECT C8PNR4NO FROM CANCELLATION C >

PNR4NO

-----------------------

1++1

1+++

1++2

1++7

1++

1++D

1++

1++ 1++

rows seleed8

S?L;

?'ERY-: (!s.lay oal n#$"er o, "#ses ava!la"le !n B'S a"le8

S?L; SELECT CO'NT0J

+ FROM B'S>

CO'NT0J

--------------------

1@

S?L;

?'ERY-: F!nd e Avera&e A&e o, all .assen&ers8

S?L; SELECT A)G0P8AGE

+ FROM PASSENGER P>

A)G0P8AGE

----------

+78DDDDDD

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


64/110

P a g e | B;

?'ERY-: F!nd e M!n!$#$ A&e a$on& all .assen&ers8

S?L; SELECT MIN0P8AGE

+ FROM PASSENGER P>

MIN0P8AGE----------

++

S?L;

?'ERY-1@: F!nd e Ma!$#$ A&e a$on& all .assen&ers8

S?L; SELECT MIN0P8AGE AS MINIM'M4AGE

+ FROM PASSENGER P>

MINIM'M4AGE-----------

++

S?L;

?'ERY-11: (!s.lay all .assen&ers wose a&e "eween +@ and + !n

dereas!n& order o, e!r na$es8

S?L; SELECT P8NAME AS NAME6 P8AGE AS AGE

+ FROM PASSENGER P

2 */ERE AGE BET*EEN +@ AN( +

7 OR(ER BY NAME (ESC>

NAME AGE

--------------------------------------

S/ILPA ++

SAI(EEPT/I +7

MAMAT/A +2

%RIS/NA +

/ONEY ++

AR'N +

D rows seleed8

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


65/110

P a g e | BA

)!ews

?'ERY-1+: Crea!on o, a v!ew6 (!s.lay!n& e v!ew6 (ro..!n& o, v!ew "y

#s!n& e ,ollow!n& .roed#re #s!n& B'S and TIC%ET a"les8

S?L; CREATE )IE* B'S4TIC%ET

+ AS SELECT B8B'S4NO6 B8B'S4TYPE6 T8TIC%ET4NO6

T85O'RNEY4(ATE6T8(EP4TIME

2 FROM B'S B6 TIC%ET T

7 */ERE B'S4TYPEACAN( T8B'S4NOB8B'S4NO>

)!ew reaed8

S?L; SELECT J FROM B'S4TIC%ET>

B'S4NO B'S4TYPE TIC%ET4NO 5O'RNEY4(A (EP4TIME

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AP@+-1111 AC 11@1 +3MAR311 1@:2@ PM

AP@+-2222 AC 11@2 ++35'N311 11:2@ AM

AP@+-7777 AC 11@7 1+3NO)311 1+:2@ PM

AP@+-DDDD AC 11@D @3APR311 @:7 AM

AP@+- AC 11@ 1@3APR311 @:2@ AM

S?L;

S?L; (ROP )IE* B'S4TIC%ET>

)!ew dro..ed8

S?L;

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


66/110

P a g e | BB

LAB-PROGRAM NO:

Roadways Travel Syse$ - PRACTICING 5OIN OPERRATIONS

AIM: 5OIN OPERRATIONS ON (ATABASE TABLES !8e

NAT'RAL 5OIN

INNER 5OIN

O'TER 5OIN

LEFT O'TER 5OIN

RIG/T O'TER 5OIN

F'LL O'TER 5OIN

5OINS: A o!n !s a #ery !n w! daa !s rer!eved ,ro$ wo or $ore a"les8

A o!n $aes daa ,ro$ wo or $ore a"les6 "ased on e val#es o, one or

$ore ol#$ns !n ea a"le8

S?L; reae a"le e$.loyee0e$.4na$e varar016 !y varar01@>

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 reae a"le e$.loyee4salary0e$.4na$e varar016 de.4na$e

varar016

+J salary de!$al06+

S?L; 3

Ta"le reaed8

S?L; des e$.loyee

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMP4NAME )ARC/AR+01

CITY )ARC/AR+01@

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


67/110

P a g e | BC

S?L; des e$.loyee4salary

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMP4NAME )ARC/AR+01

(EPT4NAME )ARC/AR+01

SALARY N'MBER06+

INSERTING )AL'ES:

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1J !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0He$.4na$e6Hde.4na$e

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: ar!

Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: .#ne

old 1: !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0He$.4na$e6Hde.4na$e

new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0ar!6.#ne

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: o$

Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: $#$"a!


new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0o$6$#$"a!

1 row reaed8

S?L; r#n

1J !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0He$.4na$e6Hde.4na$eEner val#e ,or e$.4na$e: s$!

Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: yd


new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0s$!6yd

1 row reaed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


68/110

P a g e | BD

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: ay

Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: "an&lore


new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee val#es0ay6"an&lore

1 row reaed8

S?L; !nser !no e$.loyee4salary

val#es0He$.4na$e6Hde.4na$e6Hsalary>

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: ar!

Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: o$.#er

Ener val#e ,or salary: 1@@@@

old 1: !nser !no e$.loyee4salaryval#es0He$.4na$e6Hde.4na$e6Hsalary

new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee4salary val#es0ar!6o$.#er61@@@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; r#n

1J !nser !no e$.loyee4salary

val#es0He$.4na$e6Hde.4na$e6Hsalary

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: o$Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: !

Ener val#e ,or salary: @@@@

old 1: !nser !no e$.loyee4salary


new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee4salary val#es0o$6!6@@@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: "!llEner val#e ,or de.4na$e: o$.#er

Ener val#e ,or salary: @@@



new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee4salary val#es0"!ll6o$.#er6@@@

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


69/110

P a g e | BE

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.4na$e: ay

Ener val#e ,or de.4na$e: !

Ener val#e ,or salary: @@@



new 1: !nser !no e$.loyee4salary val#es0ay6!6@@@

1 row reaed8

S?L; sele J ,ro$ e$.loyee>

EMP4NAME CITY--------------- ----------

ar! .#ne

o$ $#$"a!

s$! yd

ay "an&lore

S?L; sele J ,ro$ e$.loyee4salary>

EMP4NAME (EPT4NAME SALARY--------------- --------------- ----------

ar! o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ ! @@@@

"!ll o$.#er @@@

ay ! @@@

INNER 5OIN: Inner 5o!n re#rns e $a!n& rows ,ro$ e a"les a

"e!n& o!ned

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele e$.loyee8e$.4na$e6e$.loyee4salary8salary

+ ,ro$ e$.loyee !nner o!n e$.loyee4salary

2J on e$.loyee8e$.4na$e e$.loyee4salary8e$.4na$e

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


70/110

P a g e | CF

S?L; 3

EMP4NAME SALARY

--------------- ----------

ar! 1@@@@

o$ @@@@

ay @@@

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele J

+ ,ro$ e$.loyee !nner o!n e$.loyee4salary

2J on e$.loyee8e$.4na$e e$.loyee4salary8e$.4na$e

S?L; 3

EMP4NAME CITY EMP4NAME (EPT4NAME SALARY

--------------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne ar! o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! o$ ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ay ! @@@

O'TER 5OINS

LEFT O'TER 5OIN: Te le, o#er o!n re#rns $a!n& rows ,ro$ e

a"les "e!n& o!ned6 and also non-$a!n& rows ,ro$ e le, a"le !n e

res#l and .laes n#ll val#es !n e ar!"#es a o$e ,ro$ e r!& a"le8

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele e$.loyee8e$.4na$e6salary

+ ,ro$ e$.loyee le, o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary

2J on e$.loyee8e$.4na$ee$.loyee4salary8e$.4na$e

S?L; 3

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


71/110

P a g e | C1

EMP4NAME SALARY

--------------- ----------

ar! 1@@@@

o$ @@@@

ay @@@

s$!

RIG/T O'TER 5OIN: Te r!& o#er o!n re#rns $a!n& rows ,ro$

e a"les "e!n& o!ned6 and also non-$a!n& rows ,ro$ e r!& a"le !n

e res#l and .laes n#ll val#es !n e ar!"#es a o$e ,ro$ e le,

a"le8

S?L; ed!*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele J

+ ,ro$ e$.loyee r!& o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary


7 3

EMP4NAME CITY EMP4NAME (EPT4NAME SALARY

--------------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------ar! .#ne ar! o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! o$ ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ay ! @@@

"!ll o$.#er @@@

S?L;

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele e$.loyee4salary8e$.4na$e6!y6salary + ,ro$ e$.loyee r!& o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary


S?L; 3

EMP4NAME CITY SALARY

--------------- ---------- ----------

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


72/110

P a g e | C4

ar! .#ne 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! @@@@

ay "an&lore @@@

"!ll @@@

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele e$.loyee8e$.4na$e6!y6salary

+ ,ro$ e$.loyee r!& o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary


S?L; 3

EMP4NAME CITY SALARY

--------------- ---------- ----------ar! .#ne 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! @@@@

ay "an&lore @@@

@@@

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele e$.loyee8e$.4na$e6!y6de.4na$e6salary + ,ro$ e$.loyee r!& o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary


S?L; 3

EMP4NAME CITY (EPT4NAME SALARY

--------------- ---------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ! @@@ o$.#er @@@

F'LL O'TER 5OIN: Te ,#ll o#er o!n re#rns $a!n& rows ,ro$ e

a"les "e!n& o!ned6 and also non-$a!n& rows ,ro$ e r!& a"le and

le, a"le !n e res#l and .laes n#ll val#es !n e ar!"#es a o$e ,ro$

e le, a"le and r!& a"le8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


73/110

P a g e | C:

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele e$.loyee8e$.4na$e6!y6de.4na$e6salary

+ ,ro$ e$.loyee ,#ll o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary


S?L; 3


--------------- ---------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ! @@@s$! yd

o$.#er @@@

NAT'RAL 5OIN:

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele J

+J ,ro$ e$.loyee na#ral o!n e$.loyee4salary

2 3


--------------- ---------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ! @@@

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele J

+J ,ro$ e$.loyee na#ral le, o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary

S?L; 3

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


74/110

P a g e | C;


--------------- ---------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ! @@@

s$! yd

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele J

+J ,ro$ e$.loyee na#ral r!& o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary

S?L; 3


--------------- ---------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ! @@@

"!ll o$.#er @@@

S?L; ed!

*roe ,!le a,!ed8"#,

1 sele J

+J ,ro$ e$.loyee na#ral ,#ll o#er o!n e$.loyee4salary

S?L; 3


--------------- ---------- --------------- ----------

ar! .#ne o$.#er 1@@@@

o$ $#$"a! ! @@@@

ay "an&lore ! @@@s$! yd

"!ll o$.#er @@@

S?L;

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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LAB-PROGRAM NO:1@

Roadways Travel Syse$ - PL3S?L PROGRAM

AIM: *r!e a PL3S?L .ro&ra$ ,or revers!n& a &!ven n#$"er8

S?L; se servero#.# on>

S?L; delare

+

2 &!ven4no n#$"er0>

7 sr4len& n#$"er0>

reverse4no varar+0>

D

"e&!n &!ven4no:H&!ven4no>

sr4len& :len&0&!ven4no>

1@

11 ,or nr !n reverse 188sr4len&

1+

12 loo.

17

1 reverse4no : reverse4no UU s#"sr0&!ven4no6nr61>

1D

1 end loo.>

1

1 d"$s4o#.#8.#4l!ne0Te &!ven n#$"er !s UU &!ven4no >

+@ d"$s4o#.#8.#4l!ne0Te &!ven n#$"er !s UU reverse4no >

+1

++ end>

+2

+7 3

Ener val#e ,or &!ven4no: 1+27

old : &!ven4no:H&!ven4no>new : &!ven4no:1+27>

Te &!ven n#$"er !s1+27

Te &!ven n#$"er !s72+1

PL3S?L .roed#re s#ess,#lly o$.leed8

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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LAB-PROGRAM NO:11

Roadways Travel Syse$ - PL3S?L PROGRAM

AIM: *r!e a PL3S?L .ro&ra$ #s!n& #rsor en!#e on e$.loyee daa"ase8

C'RSOR: Tere are 7 !$.oran o.era!ons !8e

C#rsor (elara!on

O.en C#rsor sae$en

Fe sae$en

Close #rsor sae$en

S?L; (ESC EMPLOYEE>

Na$e N#ll Ty.e ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMPNO N'MBER0

SALARY N'MBER01@6+

(EPTNO N'MBER0

S?L; INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES0HEMPNO6HSALARY6H(EPTNO >

Ener val#e ,or e$.no: 1@@1

Ener val#e ,or salary: @@@8+

Ener val#e ,or de.no: 1@

old 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES0HEMPNO6HSALARY6H(EPTNO

new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES01@@16@@@8+61@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.no: 1@@+

Ener val#e ,or salary: 1@@8@@



new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES01@@+61@@8@@61@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.no: 1@@2

Ener val#e ,or salary: 8



new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES01@@26861@

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | CC

1 row reaed8

S?L; R'N

1J INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES0HEMPNO6HSALARY6H(EPTNO

Ener val#e ,or e$.no: 1@@7Ener val#e ,or salary: D@@@8+

Ener val#e ,or de.no: +@


new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES01@@76D@@@8+6+@

1 row reaed8

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or e$.no: 1@@

Ener val#e ,or salary: 2@8+

Ener val#e ,or de.no: ++old 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES0HEMPNO6HSALARY6H(EPTNO

new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE )AL'ES01@@62@8+6++

1 row reaed8

S?L; SELECT J FROM EMPLOYEE>

EMPNO SALARY (EPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------

1@@1 @@@8+ 1@

1@@+ 1@@ 1@

1@@2 8 1@

1@@7 D@@@8+ +@

1@@ 2@8+ ++

S?L; (ESC EMP4RAISE>

Na$e N#ll Ty.e

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMPNO N'MBER0

C'RR4(ATE (ATE

RAISE4SALARY N'MBER01@6+

S?L; SELECT J FROM EMP4RAISE>

no rows seleed

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | CD

S?L; delare

+ #rsor 4e$. !s sele e$.no6salary ,ro$ e$.loyee were de.no1@>

2 n#$4e$.no e$.loyee8e$.noy.e>

7 #rr4salary e$.loyee8salaryy.e> "e&!n

D o.en 4e$.>

!, 4e$.!so.en en

loo.

,e 4e$. !no n#$4e$.no6#rr4salary>

1@ e! wen 4e$.no,o#nd>

11

1+ #.dae e$.loyee se salary#rr4salaryV0#rr4salaryJ@8@

12 were e$.non#$4e$.no>17

1 !nser !no e$.4ra!se val#es0n#$4e$.no6sysdae6#rr4salaryJ@8@>

1D

1 end loo.>

1

1 o$$!>

+@

+1 lose 4e$.>

++

+2 else+7

+ d"$s4o#.#8.#4l!ne0#na"le o o.en e #rsor>

+D

+ end !,>

+

+ end>

2@

21 3

PL3S?L .roed#re s#ess,#lly o$.leed8

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | CE

S?L; SELECT J FROM EMP4RAISE>

EMPNO C'RR4(ATE RAISE4SALARY

---------- --------- ------------

1@@1 +-MAR-11 7@@8@1 1@@+ +-MAR-11

1@@2 +-MAR-11 28

S?L; SELECT J FROM EMPLOYEE>

EMPNO SALARY (EPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------

1@@1 7@@8+D 1@

1@@+ 1 1@

1@@2 2287 1@

1@@7 D@@@8+ +@ 1@@ 2@8+ ++

S?L;

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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LAB-PROGRAM NO:1+

Writing PL/SQL block for insertion into a table.

To write a PL/SQL block f or inserting rows into EMPDET table with

the following

Calculations:

!"#$%& '( )"S*C

D"#+%& '( )"S*C

P(#,& '( )"S*C

-ETP"#)"S*CD"!"0P(

*-P1T

DECL"!E

E-'2 e345et.eno&t64e7

E-"ME2 e345et.na3e&t64e7

DEPT-'2 e345et.5e4tno&t64e7

)"S*C2 e345et.basic&t64e7

!"2 e345et.!"&t64e7

D"2 e345et.D"&t64e7

P(2 e345et.4f&t64e7-ETP"2 e345et.net4a6&t64e7

)E8*-

E-'2:#9E-'27

E-"ME2:#9E-"ME27

DEPT-'2:#9DEPT-'27

)"S*C2:#9)"S*C27

!"2:#;) "S*C2


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D"2? P(2? -ETP"2=7

E-D7

!ES1LT:

SQL@ A)"S*C

Enter Balue for eno2: 2%

ol5 22: E-'2:#9E-'27

new 22: E-'2:#2%7

Enter Balue for ena3e2: S!*-*>"S !EDD

ol5 2+: E-"ME2:#9E-"ME27

new 2+: E-"ME2:#S!*-*>"S !EDD7

Enter Balue for 5e4tno2: 2%

ol5 2: DEPT-'2:#9DEPT-'27

new 2: DEPT-'2:#2%7

Enter Balue for basic2: %%%

ol5 2: )"S*C2:#9)"S*C27

new 2: )"S*C2:#%%%7

PL/SQL 4roce5ure successfull6 co34lete5.

SQL@/

Enter Balue for eno2: 2%$

ol5 22: E-'2:#9E-'27

new 22: E-'2:#2%$7

Enter Balue for ena3e2: C*!"F

ol5 2+: E-"ME2:#9E-"ME27

new 2+: E-"ME2:#C*!"F7

Enter Balue for 5e4tno2: 2%ol5 2: DEPT-'2:#9DEPT-'27

new 2: DEPT-'2:#2%7

Enter Balue for basic2: %%%

ol5 2: )"S*C2:#9)"S*C27

new 2: )"S*C2:#%%%7

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | D4


SQL@ SELECT < (!'M EMPDET7

!ES1LT

E-' -"ME DEPT-' )"S*C !" D"

P( -ETP"

000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000

00000000000000000000000

2%2 S"-T'S 2% $%%% +$%% 2%%%

$% G2$%

2%+ S"-H"! +% $%%% +$%% 2%%%

$% G2$%2% S1!ES +% $$%% +,$% 22%%

G$ GI$

2% S!*-*>"S" !EDD 2% %%% %%% 2+%%

+% I,G%2%$ C*!"F 2% %%% %%% 2+%%+% I,G%

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | D:

LAB-PROGRAM NO:12

"r3strong nu3ber

To write a PL/SQL block to check whether giBen nu3 ber is

"r3strong or not.

*-P1T

DECL"!Enu3 nu3ber;$=7

re3 nu3ber;$=7

s nu3ber;$=:#%7

nu32 nu3ber;$=7

)E8*-

nu3:#9nu37

nu32:#nu37

while;nu3@%=

loo4

re3:#3o5;nu3?2%=7

s:#s4ower;re3?=7

nu3:#trunc;nu3/2%=7

En5 loo47

if ;s#nu32=then

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | D;

5b3sJ!ES1LT.4utJline;nu32KK *S "!MST!'-8 -1M)E! =7

else

5b3sJ!ES1LT.4utJline;nu32KK *S -'T "!MST!'-8 -1M)E! =7

En5 if7

E-D7/

!ES1LT:

SQL@Aar3

Enter Balue for nu3: 2$

ol5 ,: nu3:#9nu37

new ,: nu3:#2$7

2$ *S "!MST!'-8 -1M)E!


SQL@ /

Enter Balue for nu3: 2+

ol5 ,: nu3:#9nu37

new ,: nu3:#2+7

2+ *S -'T "!MST!'-8 -1M)E!


(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | DA

LAB-PROGRAM NO:17

Writing a PL/SQL block for checking a nu3ber eBen or o55.

"*M: To write a PL/SQL block to check whether a giBen nu3ber is

EBen or '55.

*-P1T

DECL"!E

nu3 nu3ber;$=7

re3 nu3ber7

)E8*-

nu3:#9nu37

re3:#3o5;nu3?+=7

if re3#%

then

5b3sJ!ES1LT.4utJline; -u3ber KKnu3K is EBen=7

else

5b3sJ!ES1LT.4utJline; -u3ber KKnu3K is '55=7

en5 if7

E-D7

!ES1LT:

SQL@start eBen

Enter Balue for nu3:

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | DB

ol5 $: nu3:#9nu37

new $: nu3:#7

-u3ber is EBen


SQL@ /

Enter Balue for nu3:

ol5 $: nu3:#9nu37

new $: nu3:#7

-u3ber is '55


LAB-PROGRAM NO:1

To write a PL/SQL block to n5 Su3 of Digits of a giBen -u3ber.

*-P1T

DECL"!E

nu3 nu3ber;$=7

re3 nu3ber;$=7

s3 nu3ber;$=:#%7

nu32 nu3ber;$=7

)E8*-nu3:#9nu37

nu32:#nu37

while;nu3@%= loo4

re3:#3o5;nu3?2%=7

s3:#s3re37

nu3:#trunc;nu3/2%=7

en5 loo47

5b3sJ!ES1LT.4utJline;S1M '( D*8*TS '( K nu32KK *S: K s3=7

en57

/

!ES1LT:

SQL@ Asu3

*-P1T truncate5 to + characters

Enter Balue for nu3: 2+

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | DC

ol5 ,: nu3:#9nu37

new ,: nu3:#2+7

S1M '( D*8*TS '( 2+ *S:


SQL@ Asu3

*-P1T truncate5 to + characters

Enter Balue for nu3: $

ol5 ,: nu3:#9nu37

new ,: nu3:#$7

S1M '( D*8*TS '( $ *S: 2$


LAB-PROGRAM NO:1D

*r!!n& PL3S?L r!&&ers

To wr!e a TRIGGER o ens#re a (EPT TABLE does no ona!n d#.l!ae o, n#ll

val#es !n (EPTNO ol#$n8

INP'T

CREATE OR RELPLACE TRIGGER r!&1 "e,ore !nser on de. ,or ea row

(ECLARE

a n#$"er>

BEGIN

!,0:new8de.no !s N#ll en

ra!se4a..l!a!on4error0-+@@@16error::de.no anno "e n#ll>

else

sele o#n0J !no a ,ro$ de. were de.no:new8de.no>

!,0a1 en

ra!se4a..l!a!on4error0-+@@@+6error:: anno ave d#.l!ae de.no>

end !,>

end !,>

EN(>

RES'LT:

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | DD

S?L; Wr!&&er

Tr!&&er reaed8

S?L; sele J ,ro$ de.>

(EPTNO (NAME LOC

--------- -------------- -------------

1@ ACCO'NTING NE* YOR%

+@ RESEARC/ (ALLAS

2@ SALES C/ICAGO

7@ OPERATIONS BOSTON

S?L; !nser !no de. val#es0Hde.n.6Hdna$e6Hlo>

Ener val#e ,or de.n.: n#llEner val#e ,or dna$e: $are!n&

Ener val#e ,or lo: yd

old 1: !nser !no de. val#es0Hde.n.6Hdna$e6Hlo

new 1: !nser !no de. val#es0n#ll6$are!n&6yd

!nser !no de. val#es0n#ll6$are!n&6yd

J

ERROR a l!ne 1:

ORA-+@@@1: error::de.no anno "e n#ll

ORA-@D1+: a XSCOTT8TRIG1X6 l!ne

ORA-@7@: error d#r!n& ee#!on o, r!&&er SCOTT8TRIG1

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or de.n.: 1@

Ener val#e ,or dna$e: $ana&er

Ener val#e ,or lo: yd


new 1: !nser !no de. val#es01@6$ana&er6yd!nser !no de. val#es01@6$ana&er6yd

J

ERROR a l!ne 1:

ORA-+@@@+: error:: anno ave d#.l!ae de.no

ORA-@D1+: a XSCOTT8TRIG1X6 l!ne

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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P a g e | DE

ORA-@7@: error d#r!n& ee#!on o, r!&&er SCOTT8TRIG1

S?L; 3

Ener val#e ,or de.n.: @

Ener val#e ,or dna$e: MAR%ETINGEner val#e ,or lo: /Y(ERABA(


new 1: !nser !no de. val#es0@6MAR%ETING6/Y(ERAB A(

1 row reaed8

S?L; sele J ,ro$ de.>

(EPTNO (NAME LOC

--------- -------------- -------------

1@ ACCO'NTING NE* YOR%

+@ RESEARC/ (ALLAS

2@ SALES C/ICAGO

7@ OPERATIONS BOSTON

@ MAR%ETING /Y(E

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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)I*A ?'ESTIONS

)I)A )OICE ?'ESTIONS AN( ANS*ERS

18 *a !s daa"ase

) database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning

representing some aspect of real world and which is designed built and populated with data

for a specific purpose.

+8 *a !s (BMS9

It is a collection of programs that enables user to create and maintain a database. In otherwords it is general


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P a g e | E1

3ifficult in accessing data.

3ata isolation.

3ata integrity.

%oncurrent access is not possible.

'ecurity Problems.

D8 (esr!"e e ree levels o, daa a"sra!on9

!he are three levels of abstraction#

Physical level# !he lowest level of abstraction describes how data are stored.

>ogical level# !he net higher level of abstraction describes what data are stored in

database and what relationship among those data.

=iew level# !he highest level of abstraction describes only part of entire database.

8 (e,!ne e X!ne&r!y r#lesX

!here are two Integrity rules.

&ntity Integrity# 'tates that KPrimar y $ey cannot have 20>> valueL

Referential Integrity# 'tates that K+oreign *ey can be either a 20>> value or should be

Primary *ey value of other relation.

8 *a !s eens!on and !nens!on

&tension ogical 3ata Independence# 5odification in logical level should affect the view level.

2O! >ogical 3ata Independence is more difficult to achieve

1+8 *a !s a v!ew /ow ! !s relaed o daa !nde.endene

) view may be thought of as a virtual table that is a table that does not really eist in its

(BMS LAB MAN'AL


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own right but is instead derived from one or more underlying base table. In other words

there is no stored file that direct represents the view instead a definition of view is stored in

data dictionary.

6rowth and restructuring of base tables is not reflected in views. !hus the view can insulate

users from the effects of restructuring and growth in

Dbms Lab Manual (Repaired)

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