DB Stuff Erkki
Transcript of DB Stuff Erkki
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Introduction to Dual Band System
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Capacity Evolution10MHz Bandw idth 900 and 1800
'98 '99 '00 '01 '02
Erl/sqkm
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
900Macro
1800Macro
Microcellularand Indoor
Area Solution
Hot Spot4km2
DB MacroMicro cellsIndoor
HighDensity
10km2
DB MacroMicro cells
MediumDensity20km2
DB Macro
LowDensity200km2
900 Macro
CONFIDENTIAL
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Differences in Coverage
% of Traffic from Indoors
Dual Band MobilePenetration
Efficiency of Traffic
Management
Factors Affecting Dual Band Capacity
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Outdoor Location Probability
Distance/k
m
900MHz
1800MHz
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Indoor Location Probability
Distance/km
900MHz
1800MHz
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Propagation Differences Between GSM 900 and 1800
Outdoor
Co-located site withseparate DCS andGSM antennas
Outdoor urbanenvironment
Difference in downlinksignal level
RESULTS :
Average diff. = 9.5dB,Range = -6 to 22 dB
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-15-12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
sampes
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Co-located sites withseparate DCS and GSMantennas
Indoor urbanenvironment
Difference in downlinksignal level
5 types of buildings
RESULTS :
Average diff. = 15 dB,
Range = -4 to 28 dB
8
14
1918
14
17
2022 22
28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Apartment Office B Shop Hospital Office A
dB
average
maximum
Propagation Differences Between GSM 900 and 1800
Indoor
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
GSM900 MacroGSM900 Micro
GSM1800
Possible Dual Band NW Structures
Co-located sites+ in-fill sites
Continuous andseparate coverage Hot spot coverage
Co-located sites +micro cells
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Dual Band Parameters
Only three parameters come with the Dual band option:
Dual band cell (DBC); default value = Yes
Early sending indication (ESI); default value = yes
Multiband Cell reporting (MBR); default value = 1
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Dual Band ParametersDual Band Cell (DBC), Yes
When the option dual band is activated, all the cells under the dualband BSC
broadcast sysinfo 2ter in idle mode.Early Classmark Sending (ESI), Yes
By default, the ESI is set to yes, even when the option Dualband is notactivated
All the dualband phones send the CM3 IE to the network
In the dedicated mode and if the mobile is Dualband, the Early classmarksending procedure will be triggered that tells the BSC to add the systeminformation 5ter containing the frequencies of the other band to be measuredfor this call
Multi Band Reporting (MBR), 1
The network tells the mobile to report 1 frequency of the other band if it canfind any.Then the mobile will complete the report with frequencies of thesame band. If still less than 6 neighbors, the mobile tries to report frequenciesof the other band.
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Classmark 3
MSC MSC
CM3
CM3
CM3CM3
Call set upHandover
1800
BSC
BTS
BSC
BTS
CM3
900
Stores CM3
CM3 = Mobile's supported bandsPower Class in each supported band
* Shown in multivendor environment
Possibility to seeseparate trafficstatistics for singleand dual bandmobiles
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
System Information Messages
Sys_Info Messages 2ter and 5ter tell the dual band MS aboutthe adjacent cells allocated from the other frequency band
2terin idle mode 5terduring a call
Single band MS will ignore Sys_Info 2ter and 5ter
Idle mode
900Sys_Info_2Sys_info_2bisSys_info_2ter
Sys_Info_2Sys_info_2bis
1800 1800
1800
900
900 900
900
900 900
Single band MS Dual band MS
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Multi Cell Reporting
Multi_Cell_Rep: Number of neighbour cells the MS willreport from each band
900
900 900
1800
1800
900 900
1800
900
1800 1800
1800
Measure32neighbours 6
Report6 bestmeasurements
Mobile can.....
3 3
1 5
1800 900
1800900
Strongest
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Introduction to Dual Band NetworkPlanning
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% of Traffic from Indoors
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Indoor Location Probability
Distance/km
900MHz
1800MHz
Typical indoor location probability formacro sites in a dense urban environment
Factors Affecting Dual Band Networks
Differences in Coverage
Efficiency of Traffic
Management
Dual Band MobilePenetration
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Possible DB network structures (2)
HOT SPOTS LOCATION
GSM 900
GSM 1800
+Cost effective: need to deploy new sitesonly where the capacity is required
+Roll-out can be planned to match thedual band handset penetration
+No interference on 1800 layer
-Requires high DB handset penetration
-Many inter-band handovers
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Possible DB network structures (3)
CO-LOCATED Sites
2-layers NW
GSM 900
GSM 1800
+Optimum use of the existing sites
+Miminises the site acquisition and the siteshare related costs
+Neighbour lists relatively easy to define.- Complete outdoor / indoor coverage may not
be achieved in the DCS layer
- especially if the GSM coverage is onlyadequate
Need for In-fill sites- building of the separate indoor coverage
may be requiredin some areas
- Requires roomy site places
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Possible DB network structures (4)
GSM 900 MacroGSM 900 Micro
GSM 1800
CO-Located Sites
+ Microcells 3 or 4 layers Network
+Capacity oriented
+1800 Indoor compensated by micros normal way to build capacity
-Need for advanced multilayer handling
-Many inter-band handovers
GSM900 and 1800 BTSs under Same BSC
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Interband handover = intra BSC handover
Shorter and more reliable handover Fully utilises advanced BSS features and traffic management
Common transmission link
Easy network management
GSM900 and 1800 BTSs under Same BSC- Intra BSC HO
MSC BSC
G
S
M
D
C
S
GSM Cell
DCS CellOMC
OMC
NMS/2000
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Effective Dual Band Traffic Management
Mobiles are managed between the bands & layers based onRF Levels,Traffic Loads and MS speed
IdleMode
Call Setup
In Call
C2 Parameter Direct Access toDesired Layer/Band
Advanced MultilayerHandling
Adjacent Cell Priorities& Load factors
Umbrella orPBGT HO
FMMS Detect
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Idle Mode MS Management (Phase 2)
Define the priorities for cell selection/reselection
between the layers.
Use the C1 and C2 parameters : RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
PENALTY_TIME
Cell Specific Values
Dedicated Mode Multi layer Strategies
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Dedicated Mode Multi-layer StrategiesCurrent Features
Define the HIERARCHY between the layers for call
handling. Current Handover Algorithms :
Umbrella HO
Cell Layer Adjacency / Fast Moving MS
Classic :
UL/DL Level or Quality alarms, PBGT with Positive or Negative margin,
Distance.
Traffic Management
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Traffic ManagementBasic Dual Band HOs
900
1800
RX_lev
time
RX_levUmbrellaHO
time
900
1800
RX_lev
RX_levHO
1800 #1
1800 #2
RX_lev
time
Power Budget
HO
Pushing trafficto GSM1800
Keeping TrafficIn GSM1800
Back to GSM900safety net
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Triggering Order for HOs If two or more criteria for a handover are present simultaneously, the priority order is
the following:
1.Interference (uplink or downlink)
2.Uplink quality
3.Downlink quality
4.Uplink level
5.Downlink level
6.MS-BS distance (maximum or minimum)7.Turn-around-corner MS
8.Rapid field drop
9.Fast/Slow-moving MS
10.Better cell (Power budget or Umbrella)
11.PC due to Lower quality thresholds (uplink and downlink)12.PC due to Lower level thresholds (uplink and downlink)
13.PC due to Upper quality thresholds (uplink and downlink)
14.PC due to Upper level thresholds (uplink and downlink).
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Triggering Order for HOs
When two or more of the previous indicated criterias 1 - 9 arepresent simultaneously, the BSC performs the target cellevaluation only according to the criteria which has the highestpriority
For example in a case of Uplink quality and Uplink level, thetarget cell evaluation would be done according to the Uplinkquality
2 L St t
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / EliNOKIA DEFAULT.PPT / 22.08.1997 / AO page: ##
GSM 900GSM 900
Radio
ReasonHO
GSM 1800
2 Layers Strategy :PBGT / Umbrella Handover
GSM 1800
PBGT HO
PBGT HO
Umbrella HO
LOWER
SAME
SAME
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Fast Moving MS Handling and MS Speed
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Fast Moving MS Handling and MS SpeedDetection
Two features: "Fast moving MS handling in macro cell" and "MS Speed Detection".
Fast moving MS handlingin macro cell feature uses the adjacent cellmeasurements to define the MS speed and can be used with RF frequency hopping.
The MS speed detectionfeature uses the crossing rate algorithm to define the MSspeed and it must be used without RF frequency hopping.
The slow mobiles can be directed to micro / 1800 cells and the fast-moving mobilescan be held in macro / GSM900 cells.
BENEFITS
- Successful handovers between macro cells- Better service and higher capacity for fast moving MSs
F M i MS h dli
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Fast Moving MS handling
Macro cells parameters
for each adjacent micro cell:
Counter_Threshold
RXLEV_MIN
HO_LEVEL_UMBRELLA
BSC
micro
macro as serving cell
Fast moving MSs handled in macro cell, slow moving MSs directed to micro cellsbased on the time MS has spent on the coverage area of an adjacent micro cell(received measurements from the micro cell).
Triggering:
+2, when the RXLEV of the neighbouring
lower level micro cell increases theRXLEVMINCELL threshold
-1, when the RXLEV is smaller than thethreshold or no measurement result
Selection:
All the lower level cells are the target cells
of which the RXLEV is bigger than theHOLEVELUMBRELLA
3 Layers Strategy
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RR HO
RR HO / PBGT
3 Layers StrategyPBGT (+/-), FMT
RadioReasonHO
PBGT HO
PBGT HO
PBGT HO
NEGATIVEPBGT
GSM 900 GSM 900
GSM 1800 GSM 1800
Micro GSM 900
FASTMOVING
MSHO
FASTMOVINGMSHO
SAME
LOWER
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Adjacent Cell Priorities and LOAD Factors
If (Load > LoadThreshold)NewPriority = HoPriorityLevel - HoLoadFactor
900 microcells
900 macro1800
List acc. toradio meas.
HoPriorityLevel
HoLoadFactor
LoadThreshold
Load NewPriority
9001800
13
70%70%
60%80%
24
21
Adjacent Cell Parameters
0 to 77 = HighestPriority
INTRA-BSC
FEATURE
GSM900 IUO i D l B d N t k
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
NOKIA DEFAULT.PPT / 22.08.1997 / AO page: ##
GSM900 IUO in Dual Band Network
SAME / PBGT HO
SAME / PBGT HO
GSM 900
GSM 1800 GSM 1800
GSM 900
UmbrellaHO
RR HO
Regular
Super
Regular
Super
BSIC de-coding time
DB MSs report less cells from GSM900 -> less reliable C/I estimation
DB MSs can be denied to access to the super layer
MBR reporting can be used on 900 layer to ensure enoughmeasurement results for C/I estimation
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Future DB Features
Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band
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Direct Access to Desired Layer/BandS8 feature
900 Macro
900 Micro
1800
Traffic Channel Allocation during call set up (SDCCH handover)
HighestPriority
2nd priority 2nd priority
3rd priority
DB MS campedon 900microcell
DB MS campedon 900macrocell
900 Micro
1800
HighestPriority
E.g. Preference = 1800 Layer
Can extend call setup times by several seconds
AlsoDirected Retrywith priorityfeature
Advanced Multilayer Handling (AMH)
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
900 MacroPower budget marginsadjusted basedon cell load
BSC Traffic Reason Handover
Balance The Load...
1800
900 Macro
During low loadprevent some handover paths
1800
micro
IUO Super
y g ( )
Improve Quality...
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Nokia Dual Band Base Station and SiteConfigurations
Site Configuration
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
g
Single band antennas(current accepted models)
Dual polarisation possible
MHA possible
Small risk forintermodulation
Reliable antenna
measurement
Usable now
Extra feeders
Extra antennas for the otherband
GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 900 GSM 1800
Main Div.Main Div.
Single banddualpolarisationantenna
Singlebandantenna
DB BTS or
Separate BTSsMaximum Configurations:
AFE; (4+4) x n
RTC; (6+6) x n
MHAsoptional
MHAsoptional
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DB Support in Network Planning andManagement Tools
Network Planning and Monitoring
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Network Planning and Monitoring
Capacity Planning
Frequency Planning Parameter Planning
Monitoring
NPSXNetdimNDW
NPS/X 3.3
NDW
PlanEdit
NMS/2000
Measurement Tools for Network Monitoring
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Measurement Tools for Network Monitoring
Cell Doctor in NMS/2000. The tool extracts data in text format from the
database. NDW can be used for Quality / traffic monitoring. It uses the database of
NMS/2000.
TIM / TOM monitoring SW with DB functionality can be used for indoor /outdoor drive tests
Ericsson TEMS monitoring tool can be used for the normal drive tests andspecial DB functional testing
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Nokia Network Management SystemNMS2000
Single NMS manages both GSM900 & GSM1800
Network Doctor provides information for optimizationTCH congestionHO resultsHO causes
UL & DL QualityDrop call ratio etc
New counters (per cell) for dual band networkCumulative TCH holding time by single band subscribersCumulative TCH holding time by dual band subscribers
Cumulative TCH reservations by single band subscribersCumulative TCH reservations by dual band subscribers
Proportion capacity between bands
Network management by same tool
Dual Band Measurements
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Provides MS traffic information
Dual Band MeasurementsNMS2000
Handover Adjacent Cell Measurement
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
Handover Adjacent Cell MeasurementNMS2000
Useful information for cell planning & network optimization
Up to four specific HO reasonsProvides the following information:
Location area code HO attempt from cell
HO success from cell HO attempt to cell HO success to cell HO attempt from cell failed due to lack of resources HO attempt to cell failed due to lack of resources
The information is gathered from all handovers or thosecaused by user defined reason(s).
Handover Results
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Network Doctor
Source Target****** ******BTS NAME Target BTS NAMEBCF NAME HO=> HO=>
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Handover Cause per CellNetwork Doctor
Cells by HO cause
between 19980902 and 19980918
UL DL
*** *** Dist CI
qua qua *** *** Slow
BTS NAME lev lev high MSC Pre Fld Bad Mov
BCF NAME itf itf low Umbr PBGT OMC DR emp drp Good MS Nbr of
BSC (BTS id) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) HO att
---------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ------
DCS_sector2 0 0 0 0 94 0 1 0 0 0 0 711
DCS 4 0 0 0 0
BSC22(104) 0 0
Other Quality MeasuresNetwork Doctor
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Network DoctorCells having TCH congestion
TCH
Period Period Aver raw
BSC BCF name start start avail Cong blck
(BTS id) BTS name day hour TCH (sec) (%)
--------------- --------------------- ---------- ------ ----- ----- -------
BSC22 DCS_BCF 1998-09-12 08:00 1.0 6 0.00
(104) DCS_sector2
17:00 1.0 35 0.00
19:00 1.0 24 0.00
21:00 1.0 49 0.00
22:00 1.0 26 0.00
1998-09-13 00:00 1.0 24 0.00
11:00 1.0 22 0.00
13:00 1.0 154 0.00
14:00 1.0 106 0.00
1998-09-14 13:00 1.0 37 0.00
15:00 1.0 118 16.67
19:00 1.0 27 0.00 1998-09-15 01:00 1.0 1452 57.32
02:00 1.8 665 0.00
TCH Drop call ratio (dcr_3c) per cell
Bids**** Rf Tr Abis Aif (%) (%)Call (%) (%) (%) (%) **** **** Drop
BTS DR in **** **** **** **** Lapd User RatioBCF FCS call call call call BTS Cnfg (%)BSC (BTSid) T-T HO old old old old BCSU Act dcr_3c
----------------- ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ------DCS_sector2 40 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.2 2.2DCS_BCF 5 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0BSC22 (104) 0 0.0 0.0
294
%in %in %in %in %in %in %in %in Call q0 q_1 q_2 q_3 q_4 q_5 q_6 q_7
TRX Quality
*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL ULTRX DD HR DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL--- -- -- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ------
5 18 16 92 96 96 100 100 100 100 100 24 75 83 83 92 100 100 100 100 24
17 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 84 93 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 84
DB Testing
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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli
The following functionality was tested and proven by using a dual band mobile:
Calls on individual bands
Handovers between bands
Synchronous and asynchronous
Internal and external BSC
Inter MSC
Handovers with frequency hopping activated
Directed retry
g