DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
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Transcript of DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Gus BjörklundWizard, Progress Software Corporation
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation2 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Ask questions as we goif I am not clear about something.
Warning: there is a mistake in these slides.
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation3 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Topics
Tip Nr. 0x00 … Tip Nr. 0x16
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Tip Number 0x00
If it is not broken, don’t fix it !
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Tip Number 0x01
If you do fix something, test your fix !
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation6 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x02
Read the man pages
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation7 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Read the man pages
man man man [ -s section ] name Read the man pages!
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Tip Number 0x03
SSH is your friend!
Like Linux, more great stuff fromFinland
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SSH
SSH replaces telnet, rlogin, rcp, rsh, etc. All connections are encrypted Use for remote access over Internet
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SSH
Don’t need username, password login• Can also use certificates for authentication
Can send output of• local commands to remote host• remote commands to local host
Can do secure file transfer• scp and sftp
Can tunnel other protocols (e.g. X windows)
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Simple remote command execution
gus@dirac:gus $ ssh bespin lsgus@bespin's password: 101arkt90ajdk.txtGSIMailNewsa.outa7adb.mangus@dirac:gus $
Nothing much to see here
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Remote command output to local host
gus@dirac:gus $ ssh bespin "ls; echo DONE” >ls.datgus@bespin's password: gus@dirac:gus $ cat ls.dat101arkt90ajdk.txtGSIMailNewsa.outa7adb.manDONEgus@dirac:gus $
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation13 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Local output piped to remote host
gus@dirac:gus $ cd 4gl; tar -cf - *.p | ssh bespin "cd foo; tar -xf -"gus@bespin's password: gus@dirac:4gl $
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Remote backup piped to local file
gus@dirac:4gl $ ssh bespin "cd pdr; tar -cvf - ." >backup.tar gus@bespin's password: a ./ 0Ka ./Makefile 1Ka ./pdrcache.c 131Ka ./pdrproc.c 23Ka ./pdrtrig.c 175Ka ./dsmcon.c 94Ka ./dsmrec.c 17Ka ./dsmseq.c 15Kgus@dirac:4gl $
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Turning off sshd password authentication
in the file: /etc/ssh/sshd_config,
do this:
# Protocol 1,2Protocol 2 . . .# Authentication:PasswordAuthentication no
then save changes.
restart daemon:
# service sshd restart
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation16 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Enabling SSH certificate authentication
gus@dirac:gus $ ssh-keygenGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/gus/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /Users/gus/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /Users/gus/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:3f:a9:2c:a6:74:5e:36:59:39:7f:ed:3f:5d:e3:a6:ee [email protected]@dirac:gus $ gus@dirac:gus $ ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa gus@bespingus@dirac:gus $
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation17 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Enabling SSH certificate authentication 2
gus@dirac:gus $ cat /Users/gus/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEApwswruyeETRbQ/T7ZHdNxtXIC5J41XpnJwWND4HB3WTuXPLx/Qf2S83Y3VPSgGoc+9YqmLOc/hfs/gQry+TQC9jGIPVYtW/E5PPvhh/HxTIKVc0eYMmpKlxFCjfcv0KyDcAwnd7r/wczPqw2TpurzZcXfA0c2upqufJZbnweXZtDrcs7bUwdQXskrqDj1EDBxACuH1/omZa2M/PdfFzyrRtbRMeyrfIWAfoL5RNOFsPYYOxWJxfp11tuSF7OiBUQtcbXAfS8cdHsQkJNNzSZqM6B69LvK28mlHZ8m2b5+cXICA27aUyDZfsSlMLR6rl+Ao3UByL8G+ZQBLUmhMsuRQ== [email protected]
gus@dirac:gus $
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation18 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
More about SSH
www.openssh.com
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4251.txt
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Tip Number 0x04
Windows can do SSH too
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SSH for Windows
Client: use Putty
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
Server: get Cygwin
http://www.cygwin.com
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Tip Number 0x05
After-image journalling is your friend!
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation22 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
After Imaging
Do you use after-image journalling?• YOU SHOULD
AI records all database changes Intended for
• disaster recovery• hot standby on another machine
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AI Basics
Add AI extents to database Back up the database Enable after-imaging Archive ai extents as they become full
• 10.1 has an automatic archiver
OpenEdge DBA guide has details
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation24 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
AI basics 2
A failure occurs and you lose your database …..
Fix the failure• replace disk, memory, machine, etc.
Restore the backup copy of your database Roll forward all ai extents you archived
• You do know where you put them, don’t you?• I hope they weren’t on the failed disk
When roll forward done, start database Now you are back to where you were
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation25 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x06
Specify scratch space for index rebuild
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Index rebuild scratch space
Command line looks like this:
proutil dbname -C idxbuild table customer \ -SS dbname.srt -TB 31 -TM 32 -B 1000
Scratch space spec file (dbname.srt) looks like this:
300 /user2/db1/first/400 /user3/junk/0 /user4/last/
note multiple drives in this example
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Tip Number 0x07
Tools you should know about
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Tools
uptime find top lsof ifconfig vmstat iostat netstat bzip2
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation29 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: uptime
$ uptime 11:26am up 17 day(s), 9:16, 163 users, load average: 3.09, 3.36, 3.76$
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Tools: top
gus@dirac:gus $ top -l 1Processes: 65 total, 3 running, 62 sleeping... 183 threads 10:51:24Load Avg: 0.04, 0.06, 0.07 CPU usage: 11.1% user, 44.4% sys, 44.4% idleSharedLibs: num = 170, resident = 37.0M code, 5.30M data, 6.44M LinkEditMemRegions: num = 6460, resident = 166M + 16.3M private, 164M sharedPhysMem: 161M wired, 758M active, 879M inactive, 1.76G used, 248M freeVM: 9.47G + 102M 230499(0) pageins, 16746(0) pageouts
PID COMMAND %CPU TIME #TH #PRTS #MREGS RPRVT RSHRD RSIZE VSIZE 606 top 0.0% 0:00.05 1 17 19 276K 684K 748K 26.9M 586 bash 0.0% 0:00.02 1 14 16 224K 1.05M 844K 27.1M 585 login 0.0% 0:00.01 1 16 40 172K 768K 636K 26.9M 583 Terminal 0.0% 0:01.56 5 130 197 2.64M 11.9M 8.93M 364M 563 TextEdit 0.0% 0:00.23 1 67 149 2.05M 8.94M 5.80M 355M 558 TeXShop 0.0% 0:03.18 2 109 238 4.49M 20.2M 25.6M 365M 467 firefox-bi 0.0% 1:31.55 6 96 389 48.1M 29.4M 67.4M 428M
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Tools:find
find files modified more than 30 days ago• find . -mtime +30 -print
delete files modified more than 30 days ago• find . -mtime +30 -exec rm {} \;
find files bigger than 16k• find . -size +16384c -print• find . -size +32 -print
delete files bigger than 16k• find . -size +16384c -print | xargs -i rm \;
Read the man page!
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Tools:lsof
_progres 26240 bleicher /usr/lib/librt.so.1_progres 26240 bleicher /usr/lib/libsocket.so.1_progres 26240 bleicher /usr/lib/libintl.so.1_progres 26240 bleicher /usr/lib/ld.so.1_progres 26240 bleicher /usr/lib/libdl.so.1
. . . _progres 26240 bleicher /tools/solaris/dlc100b/promsgs_progres 26240 bleicher /tools/solaris/dlc100b/bin/_progres
ftp://vic.cc.purdue.edu/pub/
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Tools:ifconfig
1-bespin-gus-> /usr/sbin/ifconfig -alo0: flags=1000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 8232 index 1inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 ce0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2inet 172.16.7.168 netmask ffff0000 broadcast 172.16.255.255
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Tools:ifconfig
gus@dirac:gus $ ifconfig en0en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 tunnel inet --> inet6 fe80::217:f2ff:fecc:b686%en0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet 172.16.114.99 netmask 0xffff0000 broadcast 172.16.255.255 ether 00:17:f2:cc:b6:86 media: autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex,flow-control>) status: active supported media: autoselect 10baseT/UTP <half-duplex> 10baseT/UTP<full-duplex>10baseT/UTP <full-duplex,hw-loopback> 10baseT/UTP <full-duplexflow-control> 100baseT<half-duplex> 100baseTX <full-duplex> 100baseTX<full-duplex,hw-loopback> 100baseTX<full-duplex,flow-control> 1000baseT <full-duplex>1000baseT <full-duplex,hw-loopback>1000baseT <full-duplex,flow-control> none vlan: 0 parent interface: <none> bond interfaces: <none>
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Tools:netstat
1-bespin-gus-> netstat
TCP: IPv4 Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State-------------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------bespin.1023 rdlserv.nfsd 26280 0 49640 116 ESTABLISHEDbespin.32880 bespin.6015 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHEDbespin.32879 bespin.6014 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHEDbespin.6014 bespin.32879 49152 0 49152 0 ESTABLISHEDbespin.6015 bespin.32880 49152 0 49152 0 CLOSE_WAIT
. . .
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation36 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: netstat -s
gus@dirac:4gl $ netstat -stcp: 794419 packets sent 37468 data packets (22991001 bytes) 51 data packets (11242 bytes) retransmitted 0 resends initiated by MTU discovery 430311 ack-only packets (196294 delayed) 0 URG only packets 0 window probe packets 322074 window update packets 4516 control packets 1308690 packets received 33675 acks (for 22967429 bytes) 2270 duplicate acks 0 acks for unsent data 1248341 packets (1521010141 bytes) received in-sequence 385 completely duplicate packets (343882 bytes) 0 old duplicate packets 41 packets with some dup. data (28512 bytes duped) 33202 out-of-order packets (38094369 bytes) 1 packet (376 bytes) of data after window
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation37 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
vmstat
vmstat 3 50procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 7 3656 226920 16528 5294120 0 0 360 636 281 823 4 4 49 42 0 6 3656 205504 16584 5302288 0 0 2688 903 1066 4675 7 6 11 75 2 0 3656 186088 16584 5310512 0 0 2656 684 1010 4687 6 6 8 8022 28 3656 165196 16600 5319748 0 0 2887 871 1096 4623 8 6 8 78 0 94 3656 138524 16648 5331008 0 0 3909 815 1292 3455 8 6 6 79
. . .
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iostat
gus@dirac:gus $ iostat 5 5 disk0 cpu KB/t tps MB/s us sy id 18.07 4 0.07 7 3 90 0.00 0 0.00 2 1 97 0.00 0 0.00 4 1 95 0.00 0 0.00 2 2 96 0.00 0 0.00 3 1 95
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Tools:bzip2
$ ls -l tips_for_dbas_00.ppt -rw-r--r-- 1 gus staff 644096 Apr 23 09:18 tips_for_dbas_00.ppt
$ bzip2 tips_for_dbas_00.ppt
$ ls -l tips_for_dbas_00.ppt.bz2-rw-r--r-- 1 gus staff 246356 Apr 23 09:18 tips_for_dbas_00.ppt.bz2
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation40 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: Windows tabbed console
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Tools: windows tabbed console
http://sourceforge.net/projects/console/
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation42 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: More Windoze Stuffhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals
Some useful stuff you can get there:
Handle: Who has what files openProcess Monitor: Lots of information about processes
and disk activityAutorun: what programs get started automaticallyRegmon: monitors registry activityTcpview: shows all active TCP and UDP endpointsPsTools: list processes, system info, who is logged onZoomit: zoom in on parts of screen
Lots more
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Tools: Still More Windoze Stuff
http://www.baremetalsoft.com/baretail
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation44 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: Solaris
pldd List the dynamic libraries linked into each process
pfiles Report fstat(2) and fcntl(2) information for all open filesin each process.
pmap print information about the address space of a process
plimit get or set the resource limits of running processes
pargs print process arguments, environment variables
preap force a defunct process to be reaped by its parent
pkginfo list what packages are installed
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation45 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: AIX svmon
svmon -G -I size inuse free pin virtualmemory 1048576 425275 623301 66521 159191pg space 262144 31995
work pers clntpin 46041 0 0in use 129600 275195 0
PageSize PoolSize inuse pgsp pin virtuals 4 KB - 404795 31995 46041 159191L 16 MB 5 0 0 5 0
List top 15 memory consumers
svmon -Pt15 | perl -e ’while(<>){print if($.==2||$&&&!$s++);$.=0 if(/^-+$/)}’
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation46 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tools: AIX vmstat
vmstat -v 1048576 memory pages 1002054 lruable pages 478136 free pages 1 memory pools 95342 pinned pages 80.1 maxpin percentage 20.0 minperm percentage 80.0 maxperm percentage 36.1 numperm percentage 362570 file pages . . .
Use vmo command to adjustminperm, maxperm, numperm as needed
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation47 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x08
Windows scripting
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Windows scripting
Cygwin• provides lots of Unix tools and a shell for
Windows. Also SSH server• Download from: www.cygwin.com
Windows Services for UNIX Version 3.5• From Micro$oft, but free• Lots of goodies: Korn, C, bash shells, 350 UNIX
commands, NFS, NFS gateway, telent, telnetd• Download from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-
us/interopmigration/bb380242.aspx
Windows .bat scripts are brain damaged
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation49 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x09
how to turn off Windows indexing service
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation50 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Stop Windows indexing service
Go to the Start menu, pick run.• Type services.msc, click OK.• Services dialog will show.
Right-click on indexing service to show properties dialog,
if service running, click stop. select disabled. click apply close.
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation51 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x0a
creating Windows services
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation52 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
User SRVANY to run Windows Services
Lets you create “user defined” Windows services
Instructions and download fromhttp://www.tacktech.com/display.cfm?ttid=197
Warning:• This is not for n00bs.• Study before using• Read http://support.microsoft.com/kb/137890
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation53 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x0b
How to telnet to Windows
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation54 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Enable Windows telnet login by name/passwd
NTLM authentication by default To fix:
• run TLNTADMN• take menu pick no 3 (display/change …)• pick 7 (NTLM)• set value to 1• take menu pick no 4 (restart service)
BUT: don’t use telnet
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation55 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x0c
scripting Progress backup
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation56 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Scripting backup
bkupdev="${DB_bkupdir}/${DB_name}.bkup"rm -f ${bkupdev}* 2>&1#echo "Backing up database $DB_dir/$DB_name to $bkupdev"#$DLC/bin/probkup online $DB_dir/$DB_name ${bkupdev}01 \-vs 250000 -bf 40 <<EOF${bkupdev}02${bkupdev}03 . . .${bkupdev}12${bkupdev}_overflowEOF#
source: PEG, from Jared Middleton
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation57 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x0d
scripting promon
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation58 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Scripting promon
$DLC/bin/promon $DBNAME > promon.log \ <<- "EOF" 2> /dev/nullR&D519999p32xEOF
Set page size, capture list of IO operations by process
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation59 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x0e
scripting after imaging
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation60 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Scripting ai archiving
EXTENT_NAME=`_rfutil $DB_DIR/$DB -C aimage extent full`#EXTENT_DATE=`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`# like this: 20070516-140856
tar -czvf /anotherdisk/aiarchives/$EXTENT_DATE $EXTENT_NAME
rfutil $DB_DIR/$DB -C aimage extent empty $EXTENT_NAME
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation61 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x0f
How much space is being usedby storage areas?
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation62 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
How much space is being used?
for each _AreaStatus where ( not _AreaStatus-Areaname matches "*After Image Area*" ) no-lock:
display _AreaStatus-Areanum format ">>>" column-label "Num" _AreaStatus-Areaname format "x(20)" column-label "Area Name" _AreaStatus-Totblocks column-label "Tot blocks" _AreaStatus-Hiwater column-label "High water mark" _AreaStatus-Hiwater / _AreaStatus-Totblocks * 100 column-label "% use" _AreaStatus-Extents format ">>>" column-label "Num Extents" .end.
from PEG: Dmitri Levin
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation63 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x10
List tables by storage area
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation64 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
List tables by storage area
for each _Area, each _Storageobject where (_Storageobject._Area-number = _Area._Area-number), each _File where (_File._File-Number = _Storageobject._Object-number) and (_File._File-Number > 0) break by _File._File-name:
display _Area._Area-name _File._File-name.end.
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation65 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Listing of tables by storage area
Area-name File-Name
Schema Area agedarSchema Area agedarSchema Area customerSchema Area customerSchema Area itemSchema Area itemSchema Area monthlySchema Area monthly
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation66 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
List tables by storage area
for each _Area, each _Storageobject where (_Storageobject._Area-number = _Area._Area-number), each _File where (_File._File-Number = _Storageobject._Object-number) and (_File._File-Number > 0) break by _File._File-name:
display _Area._Area-name _File._File-name.end.
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation67 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
List tables by storage area 2
for each _Area, each _Storageobject where (_Storageobject._Area-number = _Area._Area-number), each _File where (_File._File-Number = _Storageobject._Object-number) and (_File._File-Number > 0) and (_StorageObject._Object-type eq 1) break by _File._File-name:
display _Area._Area-name _File._File-name.end.
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation68 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x11
List indices by storage area and table
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation69 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
List indexes by storage area and table
for each _Area, each _Storageobject where (_Storageobject._Area-number = _Area._Area-number), each _Index where (_Index._Idx-num = _Storageobject._Object-number) and (_StorageObject._Object-type eq 2) : find _File of _Index. if (_File._File-number > 0) then display _Area._Area-name _File._File-name _Index._Index-name.end.
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation70 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x12
Learn to use vi
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation71 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
vi cheat sheet
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Tip Number 0x13
Tom Bascom’s protop
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation73 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
protop
Tom Bascom’s Open Source Progress 4GL VST based performance monitoring program
Displays tons of useful information Study source code to learn how it is done Download from
http://www.greenfieldtech.com/articles/protop.shtml
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation74 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x14
Adam Backman’s DBA scripts
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation75 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Adam Backman’s dba scripts
Available on PEG: http://www.peg.com/utilities.html Been aroud awhile, but very good Stuff they do:
• backup• check ai status• check db status• look for blocked clients• more …
Study code to learn how it is done
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation76 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Tip Number 0x15
Where to get more tips
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation77 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Where to learn more
OpenEdge Database Administration Guide PSDN: www.psdn.progress.com
Classes (not the only ones)• Bravepoint: bravepoint.com• White Star Software: wss.com• Progress DBA classes
http://www.progress.com/openedge/services/education/index.ssp
PSC Tech Support Knowledge Center
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Tip Number 0x16
Join the PEG
www.peg.com
Ask questions there
© 2007 Progress Software Corporation79 DB-3: Tips for Database Administrators
Questions