Name:

Unit 2 Outline — Physics

Chapter 8: VelocityDAY OUTLINE DATE

1 Assignment: Read text p.344-351Do Ch.8 KeyTemis (p.197)Do Scalars vs Vectors w.s. (p.198)

2 8.1 Notes (p.199-200)Assignment: Read text p.352-361

Do 8.1 Distance, Position & Displacement w.s. (p.198)Do 8.1 Positive, negative & 0 slopes w.s. (p.201)Do Uniform Motion w.s. (p.202)

Study_for_8.1_Quiz_next_class3 8.1 Quiz

8.2 Notes (slides 1-9) (p.203-204)Assignment: Read text p.362-367

Do Calculating Average Velocity w.s. (p.205)Do Slopes of P-T graphs w.s. (p.206)Do Finding the Slope w.s. (p.2O’7)

4 8.2 Notes (slides 10-17) (p.204)Assignment: Read p.368-375

Do Analyzing Position-time Graphs w.s. (p.208)Do Constructing P-T graphs w.s. (p.209)Do 8.1 & 8.2 Assessment w.s.’s (p.210-212)

5 Ch.8 Toy Car Lab (p.213-214)6 Assignment: Read 8.1, 8.2 Summary Notes (p.331-332)

Do Ch.8 Review p.376-3’7’7#4,7-l 5,18-23 (p.215-216)Study for Ch08 Text next classCh.8 pckg due next class (do self evaluation)

7 Ch.8 Test (30 multiple choice questions on scantron — Bring a Pencil!)Ch. 8 Pckg Due

Summary Study Notes p.331-332

‘95

Chapter 8: V&ocftyKey Term Definition Example/Graphic

1. Displacement

2. Distance

3. Position

4. Scalars

5. Position-time graph

6. Uniform motion

7. Slope

8. Vectors

9. Velocity

10. Average velocity

11. Speed

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8.1 The Language of Motion — Student Notes

Direction Makes a Difference!Two main types of quantities:

Scalars: Describe

____________________________.

(Magnitude is the size of a measurement)

Example:

___________________________________

Vectors: Describe

_____________________________

Example:

____________________________________

Vectors vs. Scalars

You can always tell if a quantity is a vector because there will be an arrow drawn above it.

•Example:

_______________________________________

•A scalar has no arrow.

•Example:

________________________________________

Distance vs. Displacement

•Distance (d) is a

____________

that tells you how far something has travelled.

• Example:

________________________________________

Displacement ( d) is a

___________

that describes your position relative to where you started.

•

Example:

__________________________________________

4We measure both

____________

and

___________________

in metres (m).Example: w -E w - E

STORE STOREHOME HOME

I—4- 10km 10km

A car leaves home and drives 10 km to the store and then returns home. The car has driven a total

_________________________

but its final

__________________________________

Time Interval

•Time interval or change in time is calculated by:Where: At =

___________________

(the A symbol is the greek letter delta. It means “change”).

ti =

tf =

Example t=Os t=2s t=Ss

IiII4I.EOm im 2m 3m 4m 5ri Gm lm Sm

The time interval to move from the fire hydrant to the sign is calculated by: —

= change in position or displacement.

= initial position

_______

final position

I -

Between 2 s and 5 s, the skateboarder’s: displacement is and

distance travelled is

Displacement and DistanceSee Figure 8.1B p.352 in text

Uniform Motion

Uniform motion is a term that describes objects that

1n other words, they

_____________________________________

Example:(we will discuss velocity more later)

The position of the ball in this photo is shown at•if this motion is uniform motion?

-. How would you determine

What would the picture look like if the ball was NOT in uniform motion?

Poston vs. Time

/U •i 2 4

TImA (c’)

Displacement

Displacement or change in position is calculated by:

•Where:

________

Example: t=Os t=2s

ik’‘

Om irn 2m 3m 4,11 5rn 6m 7rn Sm

Graphing Uniform Motion

Motion of an object can be analyzed by100

A position-time graph plots‘ 80

(y-axis) and

on the horizontal axis (x-axis). .

°Uniform motion is represented by a 40

on a position-time graph. 20

Use with textbook page 353-354.

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Use the following position-lime graphs to answer the questions below.

GraphA Grqhfl

Position vs. Time Position vs. Thne

oI p4

160 /

________

I: , •i’i• tO 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Time ($1.

?os’tiot ws. Tme

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, .- time(s)

Match the Desfldon below with the corresponding Graph shown above, EachGraph can be used as often as necessary. Wrilte the correct letter in the spaceprovided.

1.

________

a line with a zero slope

2.

________

a line with a positive slope

3. . a line with a negative slope

4. - a line that represents uniform motion

5.

________

the motion of an object at rest (not moving)

6.

_________

the motion of an object moving to the left of the reference point/

7. — the motion of Sin ObjeCt: moving to the right of the reference point

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8.2 Average Velocity — Student Notes

Speed (o ) is the

_______________________________divided

by

• Speed is a

_______________

quantity (no direction).

Velocity ( ) is the

_______________________________

divided by

• Velocity describes how

______________

an object’s position is

• Velocity is a

______________

quantity (direction).

• The units for velocity and speed are

_______________________________

Calculating the Slope of the Position-Time Graph

The slope of a graph is represented by

_______________________________

= change in y-axis and

_______________

On a position-time graph the slope is the change in position (

Position vs. Time

. jogerE

/4

0

lime (s)

The slope of a position-time graph is the object’s

____________________

( ).

Remember: —

________________________),

is a

__________________

include a diretion.

If we were to discuss

Vav , (______________________________

because speed is a

_______________________

- AdThe relationship between average velocity, displacement, and time is given by: Vav

1. What is the average velocity of a dog that takes 4.0 s to run forward 14 m?

Speed Formula:

Velocity Formula:

= change in x-axis

) divided by the change in time ( ).Ad

slope =At

Which jogger’s motion has agreater slope?

Which jogger is moving faster?

What is the slope of each line?

What is each jogger’s Vav?

and we must therefore always

), we do not need to include direction,

2. A boat travels 280 m East in a time of 120 s. What is the boat’s average velocity?

The relationship between displacement, average velocity, and time is given by: = (av XAt)1. What is the displacement of a bicycle that travels 8.0 rn/s [N] for 15 s?

2. A person, originally at the starting line, runs west at 6.5 mIs. What is the runner’sdisplacement after 12 s?

The relationship between time, average velocity, and displacement is given by: zXt =

1. How long would it take a cat walking north at 0.80 m/s to travel 12 m north?

2. A car is driving forward at 15 mIs. How long would it take this car to pass through anintersection that is 11 m long?

To convert from km/h to rn/s

• Changekmtom:lkm= m

• Changehtos:lh=

______

s

• Therefore multiply by

___________

and divide by

____________

OR

• Divide the speed in

___________

by 3.6 to obtain the speed in

__________

For example, convert 75 km/h to mis.

Try the following unit conversion problems yourself.1. Convert 95 km/h tom/s.

2. A truck’s displacement is 45 km north after driving for 1.3 hours. What was the truck’saverage velocity in km/h and mis?

3. What is the displacement of an airplane flying 480 km/h [E] during a 5.0 mm timeinterval?

Use with textbook pages 362-366.

C©ictt @vr©® v®fflp1. What is the formula for each of the following quantities?

a) average velocity b) displacement c) time

_________

2. Complete the following table, Use the motion fonnula to calculate the missing quantities.Show all your work and use the correct units.

ofsplacena lime Saeaja V*dly Fc?mala lJnd andC*idaflfem Shmm

15,Bm 3s 5.2mist 3

35751cm 65h22.6 m 565 rn/s

a25h 75km/h11Gm 315s24km 32km/h

8s 6Orn/s

a. Complete the following table. Show all your work and use the correct units.

Qisesttan eed nweerand ceridailfonSbsvn

a) A woman wants to paddle 420 m across a lake in her kayak. If she paddlesacross the lake at an average velocIty of 2.8 m/s, how long does ft take her tocrass?

b) If a cyclist rides west at 14 rn/s1 how long would ft take her to travel 980 m?

c)Acheetahrunsatavelocityof3Omis[9. lfitrunsfor8.Ss1whatisltsdisplacement?

The Australian dragonf y can fly at 18 mIs, How long does It take to fly224 m?

e) The Skyride gondola at Grouse Mountain in North Vancouver lakes 8 mm to goup the 3 km mountain. What is the average velochy of the gondola?

f) Due to plate tectonics the North American and European continenta are drifhngapart at an average speed of about Scm per year At this speed1 how long (Inyears) will it take tar them to drift apart by another 2400 m?

g) A dragster heading north, reaches a velocity of 628 km/h from rest in 3.72 s.How far dki ft travel in that time?

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3Iop o p©thrm4@ jnfl1. What does the slope of a line on a po Won-time graph represent?

2. What does a straight line on a position-time graph represent?

3.Defineslope.

4. What is the formula used to calculate the slope of a straight fine?

5. UsIng the position4ime graph, determine the slope of each line segment bycompleting the following table.

6

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Name Date :1

Use with textbook pages 340-351.

Th o1atch the Temi on the left wti the best

Desciriptr oi the dihL tech Descdpor mey beused only once.

A. also known as theorigin

U. the size of ameasurement

C.. “change In” or “differonce”

0. a specific poInt orlocation relative to areference point

E. the total length of apath between twopoints

F. the difference betweenthe initial thne and thefinal time

G. the straight line distance and directionfrom :OflO point toanother

Cfrde the ktter of the best answer..

8.. Which of the following units is associatedwith tat?

C.. km

Ii. rn/s

Use ithe iToUowng motion diagramrepiresemiting a baill moving across ahorizontal taMe to answer question 10.

t=O5 tzi t2s t=3s t4s t=5s

• •, • . •I .1

0cm 20cm 40cm 60cm 80cm 100cm

10. Which of i e following statements aredescriptions of the motion of the ball?

1. The ball is In uniform motion,

II. The ball is moving from left to right,

IlL The displacement between 4 and 2 Sthe same as the displacement between

11. Which of the graphs above show unifonnmotion?

AIandUon1y

IL I and HI only

I._..__distaflce2. position3. magnitude4. displacement6. time Inteival6.. location7.

_____

Greek letterdelta, .

Ii

S

S

S

S

-0

*S

*

*

S

a*

a

A.I and H only

B. I and Ill only

C. fland.m only

0.11 U, and IU

Use the felillowing postion-time graphsto answer questioi 11.

‘Lzzzz’LzrrTime Time

a

9. Which of the following describes a scalarquantity?

A. it has direction only

B. it has magnitude only

C. it is the size of a quantity

0. ft has both direction and magnitude

Time

C. TI and Ill only

0.1, U, and ifi

Use with textbook pages 362-370. II

Ao vocyUse the following position-tiniie graph toanswer questIons 1 to 4.

Position vs. Time

5. Which two terms represent a vectorquantity and the scalar quantity of thevecto?s magnitude, respectively?

A. velocity and speed

L time and time interval

C, acceleration and velocity

. position and displacement

6. Which of the following graphs representthe motion of an object with a constantvelocity?

Llandllonly

B. 1 and ifi only

C.ttandUJOflly

0. 1 U, and III

7. How long would a meteor, with a velocityof 45 km/s, take to travel 120 km throughEarth’s atmosphere to Earth’s surface?Assume no atmospheric friction.

A. 0.375 a

B. 2.66 a

C. 45 a

0.54005

8. It took 0.45 a for a fasthafl to reach thebatter. If the pitcher is 18 in away from thebatter, how fast was the fastball pitch?

A. 0.025 rn/s

B.8.irn/s

C. iBm/s

0.40 rn/s

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Time {s)

Match each 0escrtcr beaw wIth ikeorresondIn part ot the Graph shown ahove.

1.__ tasanaveragebcJtyotOrn/s2.. hasanaverageveIoctyofim/s[NJ3.

_____

has an average velocity of 2 rn/s [NI4.

_____

has an average ve’ocity of 7 rn/s (SJ

Time

Time

(I

Name DateAt

9. The average velocity of a plane was 600km/h [NJ. How long did it take the planeto travel 120km?

A. 0.2 mm

B. 5 miii

C. 12mm

D.5Ob

1. A Canada goose flew 860 km fromWashington to British Columbia withan average velocity of 30.5 rn/s [NJ.Approximately how long did it take thegoose to make its journey?

A. 0.04 h

8. 7.8 Ii

C. 2&2h

D. 469.9 h

ii. An odometer in a car has a reading of50 km at the beginning of a trip and areading of 125 km half an hour later. Whatis the average speed of the car?

A. 3.75 km/h

B. 62.5 km/h

C. 150km/h

D. 250 km/h

4

4

4

9

a

4

la During which time interval is the objectmoving towards the origin?

intervalA

B.intervalB

C, interval C

D. interval t)

13. What is the average velocily between 0.6 hand I h?

A. +0.4 km/h

B. +1.25 km/h

C. +1.66 km/h

0. +2.5 km/h

114. What is the object’s displacement between0.4 h and 0.6 h?

A. -0.75 km

8. +0.25 km

C. +0,75 km

0. +1.0 km

I

Use the followimig positiontfime grhof the rnotIrn of an object to answerestons 12 to 14.

+125

÷ 1.00

+0.75

+050

40.25 P1a

4

4

4

a0

9

S

4

a

4-

4

*

a

4S

a

0.•0 o;:o o.o o.oTime h)

1.00

Name: Block:_______ Date:

Science 10 8-1E Toy Car Time Trials

Purpose: To determine whether a toy car’s motion is uniform

Materials: See p.356 in text

Procedure: See pages 356 — 3571. Repeat procedure using a dynamics cart and propel it with your finger at a faster speed.2. Graph the motion of the toy car and dynamics cart in a different colour.

Time Displacement TotalInterval during time Displacement

(s) interval (cm (cm[forwardi) LforwardD

0.0-0.1

0.1-0.20.2-0.30.3-0.40.4-0.50.5-0.60.6-0.70.7-0.80.8-0.90.9-1.01.0-1.11.1-1.21.2-1.31.3-1.41.4-1.51.5-1.61.6-1.71.7-1.81.8-1.91.9-2.0

Analyze1. Compare the displacements for each of your time intervals.

a) Were all of the displacements exactly the same?b) If not, what does this indicate?

______________________

c) What could have caused these variations?

__________________________________________

Graph the motion of both the car and the cart on the following page. Use pencil!

Observations:

Table 1. Motion of the Toy CarTable 2. Motion of the Dynamics Cart

Time Displacement TotalInterval during time Displacement

(s) interval (cm (cm[forward]) [forward])

0.0-0.1

0.1-0.20.2-0.30.3-0.40.4-0.50.5-0.60.6-0.70.7-0.80.8-0.90.9-1.01.0-1.11.1-1.21.2-1.31.3-1.41.4-1.51.5-1.61.6-1.71.7-1.81.8-1.91.9-2.0

1. State the relationship between equal time intervals and the actual displacements for thecar’s motion.

_____________________________________________________________

2. If you repeated this experiment with a faster car, how would the ticker tape from thatexperiment compare to this ticker tape?

_____________________________________________

3. Compare the two graphs you made in terms of slope. What does a steeper graphrepresent? (calculate the slope of each first).

Condilusion:

How closely does a toy car’s motion approximate uniform motion?

Conchnde and Apply:

Ch .8 Checking Concepts Review Q.’s p.376-377#4,7-15,18-23 (complete sentences)

Ch.8 Checking Concepts Review Q.’s p.376-37744,7-15,18-23 (continued)