Day 4: Scientific Ideas Change the World Learning Goal 4: Describe how the ideas of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Boyle and the invention of the printing press contributed to the Scientific Revolution and describe the major changes that resulted from the Scientific Revolution. (TEKS/SE’s 1E, 27C,D,E)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hodYUDDfsY

What scientific discovery would you like to see in your lifetime?

Thought of the Day

Science in the Medieval Period • Medieval View = ARISTOTLE’S THEORY

• The Geocentric Theory - sun, moon, and planets revolve around the earth in circular paths.

• The Catholic Church supported Geocentric Theory. • God created the heavens & earth and deliberately placed the

earth in the center.

Scientific Revolution Causes • Growth of universities created a place for examination of the

physical world. • Renaissance and Reformation questioning of Church lead to

questioning the nature of the universe. • Copernicus in 1543 published The Revolution of the Heavenly

Bodies containing his presentation of the heliocentric theory. • Galileo in 1632 published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief

Systems of the World in Italian for a wider audience to read. The work further gave proof to Copernicus’ theory that the sun was the center of the universe and not the earth.

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Explain What was the impact of the printing press on the Renaissance and the Reformation in Europe?

Printing Press • German inventor Johannes Gutenberg (1440) • The inventor's method of printing from movable type, including the

use of metal molds and alloys, a special press, and oil-based inks, • Effect→first time the mass production of printed books, which

facilitated the spread of ideas in Europe and an increase in literacy. • Allowed for mass communication of scientific discoveries*

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksLaBnZVRnM

Effect?

Invention of the Printing press

Describe: What were the origins of the Scientific Revolution in 16th century Europe?

• With the invention of the printing press remarkable cultural growth followed in Europe. An increase in literacy and the Protestant Reformation created an environment of questioning long held medieval notions, including those about the nature of the universe. Questioning of Christian theology was followed by questioning about Church doctrine related to intellectual life, especially about the geocentric theory.

Explain: How did the Scientific Revolution impact scientific thinking?

• Use of the scientific method became the norm

for modern scientific research. • The heliocentric theory became commonly

accepted and medieval science was rejected. • Scientific and technological discoveries grew.

Scientist Copernicus • Heliocentric theory: the sun, not the earth, was the center of

the solar system* • The earth was really insignificant in the context of the

universe. • He hesitated to make his theories public because they

conflicted with teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and the Bible*.

• His book, Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres, was published in 1543 after he died.

Galileo • In 1613, he proved that the sun was the center

of the solar system. • Developed the modern experimental method. • Objects of different masses fall at the same

velocity. • Used a telescope • His work called into question church teachings*

of the Roman Catholic Church and he was tried by the Inquisition (a court established by the Church) in 1616 for heresy.

• hersesy-belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine

• He was ordered to abandon Copernican theory in favor of the established Ptolemaic theory which stated that the Earth was the center of the solar system.

Isaac Newton* • English mathematician and physicist

who devised principles to explain universal gravitation, that all matter attracts other matter.

• Three laws of motion* including "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

• Instead of explaining natural occurrences as the actions of a powerful (and sometimes angry) God, Newton applied reason and rationality to the natural phenomenon and showed how all matter was part of a whole.

Robert Boyle • English physicist and chemist who

discovered the nature of elements and compounds*, the basis of modern chemistry.

• He challenged theories that the earth consisted of four elements (air, earth, fire and water) or just three (salt, sulfur and mercury).

Renaissance and Reformation questioning of Church lead to questioning the nature of the universe

Effect?

Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution

Effect?

- Catholic teachings questioned -New scientific ideas -Deism

Effects of the Scientific Revolution • Catholic Church doctrine brought into question by those proving the

heliocentric theory. • Scientific method became the standard for intellectual pursuits. • Expanded the use of scientific method. • Science was seen as a way to improve the human condition. • Deism (belief that God exists, but plays a passive role daily life) grew and

promoted the idea of God as one who had set the workings of the world in motion.

• Isaac Newton published Principia (1687) and contributed greatly to scientific thought with laws of motion, theory of gravity, calculus and Newtonian Physics.

• Move to a scientific/ secular worldview • Social thinkers were inspired to examine society in a scientific manner

resulting in the Enlightenment.