Day 1 Session III - 03 James Walters.ahri AREP

8/18/2019 Day 1 Session III - 03 James Walters.ahri AREP

1/25

Overview of AHRI Research on Low-

GWP RefrigerantsJames Walters

Vice President, International AffairsAir-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute


2/25

New Reality

CFCs HCFCs HFCs ??


3/25

Things to think about

Maintaining refrigerant choice

Evaluating refrigerant characteristics forinformed choices

Making transition predictable, smooth,and informed

Educating policy makers and trainingtechnicians


4/25

Choosing a Refrigerant

Refrigerants have unique operating characteristics – Choicenot based on one factor, but an analysis of factors: – Safe – Energy efficient – Widely available – Economical – GWP

Operating factors can be different: – Pressures – Incompatible lubricants – Incompatible metals and alloys – Flammability levels

Needs will be different for each application


5/25

AHRI Research on Low-GWPRefrigerants

Recently completed projects:• Review of Regulations and Standards for the Use of Refrigerants with

GWP Values Less than 20 in HVAC&R Applications• Defining the Configurations of Residential Air-Conditioning and Heat

Pump Systems Using Hydrocarbons, Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, andHFO-1234yf as Refrigerants and Meeting Previously Defined SafetyRequirements

• Material Compatibility & Lubricants Research for Low GWPRefrigerants – Phase I: Thermal and Chemical Stability of Low GWPRefrigerants with Lubricants

• Risk Assessment of Residential Heat Pump Systems Using 2LFlammable Refrigerants

Ongoing projects:• Material Compatibility & Lubricants Research for Low GWP Refrigerants• Risk Assessment of Refrigeration Systems Using A2L Flammable

Refrigerants (contractor selection in progress.)Ongoing program: Low-GWP AREP


6/25

Low-GWP AREP IntroductionCooperative research program to identify suitablealternatives to high GWP refrigerantsResearch strongly desired by OEMs – assess research needs – accelerate industry’s response to environmental

challenges – avoid duplicative workThe program is NOT to prioritize refrigerants,rather test and present results in a consistentmannerThe program started in March 2011All final reports will be available to the public in3rd quarter of 2013


7/25

Low-GWP AREP Introduction

Solicited the industry for a list of low-GWPrefrigerant candidatesSolicited OEMs for test plans – Testing companies propose test plans according to

their individual interest

– Testing companies directly report test results toAHRI Low-GWP AREP Technical Committee


8/25

AcknowledgmentsU.S. Testing Entities:

International Testing Entities

Refrigerant Suppliers

– Carrier Corporation – Climate Master – Emerson Climate Technologies – Follett Corporation – Goodman Manufacturing

– Hussmann (share results) – Johnson Controls, Inc. – Lennox Industries Inc. – Manitowoc Ice, Inc. – McQuay International

– Oak Ridge National Laboratory – Tecumseh Company Co. – Thermo King / Ingersoll Rand – Trane/ Ingersoll Rand – University of Maryland

– ARMINES-MINES ParisTech – Daikin Industries Ltd

– Embraco Brazil – Embraco Slovakia Sro

– GD Midea Air-conditioning Equipment Co.,Ltd – Shanghai Hitachi Electrical Appliances CO.,LTD

– Arkema, Inc. – Daikin Industries Ltd

– E.I.du Pont de Nemours&Co – Honeywell International, Inc

– Mexichem Fluor, Inc – National Refrigerants, Inc


9/25

Identified Alternative RefrigerantCandidates

Baseline Refrigerant Composition (Mass%) Classification GWP 100

R-134a

AC5X R-32/R-134a/R-1234ze(E) (7/40/53) A1* 622ARM-41a R-32/R-134a/R-1234yf (6/63/31) A1* 943

D-4Y R-134a/R-1234yf (40/60) A1* 574N13a R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (42/18/40) A1* 604

N13b R-134a/R-1234ze(E) (42/58) A1* 604XP-10 R-134a/R-1234yf (44/56) A1* 631AC5 R-32/R-152a/R-1234ze(E) (12/5/83) A2L* 92

ARM-42a R-134a/R-152a/R-1234yf (7/11/82) A2L* 117R1234yf R1234yf 100 A2L 4

R1234ze R1234ze 100 A2L 6R600a R600a 100 A3


10/25



R404A

ARM-32a R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (25/30/25/20) A1* 1577

DR-33 R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (24/25/26/25) A1* 1410

N40a R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (25/25/21/9/20) A1* 1346

N40b R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (25/25/20/30) A1* 1331

R744 R-744 100 A1 1ARM-30a R-32/R-1234yf (29/71) A2L* 199ARM-31a R-32/R-134a/R-1234yf (28/21/51) A2L* 491

D2Y65 R-32/R-1234yf (35/65) A2L* 239DR-7 R-32/R-1234yf (36/64) A2L* 246L40 R-32/R-152a/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (40/10/20/30) A2L* 285R-32 R-32 100 A2L 675

R-32/R-134a R-32/R-134a (50/50) A2L* 1053R290 R-290 100 A3


11/25



R410A

R-744 R-744 100 A1 1

ARM-70a R-32/R-134a/R-1234yf (50/10/40) A2L* 482

D2Y60 R-32/R-1234yf (40/60) A2L* 272

DR-5 R-32/R-1234yf (72.5/27.5) A2L* 490

HPR1D R-32/R-744/R-1234ze(E) (60/6/34) A2L* 407

L41a R-32/R-1234yf/R-1234ze(E) (73/15/12) A2L* 494

L41b R-32/R-1234ze(E) (73/27) A2L* 494

R32 R32 100 A2L 675

R32/R134a R-32/R-134a (95/5) A2L* 713

R32/R152a R-32/R-152a (95/5) A2L* 647*estimated safety group rating, a safety group has not yet been assigned by ASHRAE in accordance withrequirements of ASHRAE Standard 34‐2010.


12/25



R22

ARM-32a R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf (25/30/25/20) A1* 1577LTR4X R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234ze(E) (28/25/16/31) A1* 1295

N20R-32/R-125/R-134a/R-1234yf/R-

1234ze(E)(12.5/12.5/31.5

/13.5/30) A1* 975D52Y R-32/R-125/R-1234yf (15/25/60) A2L* 979L20 R-32/R-152a/R-1234ze(E) (45/20/35) A2L* 331

LTR6A R-32/R-744/R-1234ze(E) (30/7/63) A2L* 206R290 R290 100 A3


13/25

Low-GWP Alternative RefrigerantCandidates

0

200

400

600

800

10001200

1400

1600

1800

G W P 1

0 0 V a

l u e

Alternative Refrigerant Candidates

A1

A2L

A3

B2L

R-134a

(GWP=1430)replacements

R-404A


R-410A


R-22



14/25

Overview of TestingSixteen (16) U.S. companies/organizations and

five (5) international companies/organizationsare conducting testsSix (6) refrigerant producers supplied thirty-eight (38) refrigerant candidatesTests cover the following applications – Air-conditioners and heat pumps (air-source,

water-source, VRF, unitary, mini-split) – Chillers (screw, centrifugal) – Heat pump water heater

– Refrigeration (commercial refrigerator, icemachine) – Transport refrigeration – Bus air-conditioning


15/25

Tests being Conducted

Compressor calorimeter testSystem drop-in test – only minor modifications are allowedSystem “soft -optimization” test – systems are modified for the alternative

refrigerants using standard productionline components

Test Types Number of candidates beingtested

Number of products beingtested

Compressor Calorimeter 28 35

Drop-in 27 30

Soft-optimization 18 19

Note: Number of candidates and product types in the table are based on approved test plans submitted bytesting entities. Actual numbers may vary due to testing entities’ schedule changes.


16/25


17/25

Test Results-Residential Heat Pump

[Data sources:AHRI Low-GWP AREPReports 003, 004, and

005, 2012]

R-32, 3.5-tonDrop-in, Acondition

R-32, 3.5-tonDrop-in, Bcondition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-optimized, A

condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-optimized, B

condition

5-ton, R-32/R-152a (95/5),Drop-in, ACondition5-ton, R-32/R-

152a (95/5),Drop-in, BCondition

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

C O P R e l a t i v e t o

R - 4 1 0 A

Capacity Relative to R-410A

Residential Heat Pump-Cooling Mode


18/25


R-32, 3.5-tonDrop-in, H1condition

R-32, 3.5-tonDrop-in, H3condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-optimized, H1

condition

R-32, 3-ton Soft-optimized, H3

condition

5-ton, R-32/R-152a (95/5),Drop-in, H1Condition

5-ton, R-32/R-152a (95/5),Drop-in, H3Condition

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%

C O P R e l a t i v e t o R - 4

1 0 A

Capacity Relative to R-410A

Residential Heat Pump-Heating Mode


005, 2012]


19/25


19

R-32, 3.5-tonDrop-in

R-32, 3-ton Soft-optimized

5-ton, R-32/R-152a (95/5),

Drop-in

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

-2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

H S P F R e l a t i v e t o R - 4

1 0 A

SEER Relative to R-410A

Residential Heat Pump-Seasonal Performance


005, 2012]


20/25

Test Results-Chiller

20

[Data source: AHRI Low-GWP AREP Report 007, 2012]

-30%

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

ARM-42a N-13a N-13b R-1234ze(E) XP-10

R e l a t i v e P e r f o r m a c e t o R - 1 3 4 a

230-ton Water-cooled Screw Chiller (R-134a)

CapacityCOP

T_chilled water, outlet=44 °FT_cooling water, inlet=85 °Fmfr_chilled water=550 gpmmfr_cooling water=700 gpm


21/25


21


-30%

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

ARM-32aARM-70a DR-5 HPR1D L-41a L-41b R-32

R e l a t i v e P e r f o r m a c e t o R - 4

1 0 A

5-ton Air-cooled Chiller (R-410A)Capacity

EER

T_ambient=95 °FT_water, outlet=45 °Fmfr_water=14 gpm


22/25



-25.0%

-20.0%

-15.0%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

ARM-32a DR-7 L-20 LTR4X LTR6A D52Y

R e l a t i v e P e r f o r m a c e t o R - 2

2

5-ton Air-cooled Chiller (R-22)

Capacity EER T_ambient=95 °FT_water, outlet=45 °Fmfr_water=14 gpm


23/25

AHRI Low-GWP AREP – Next StepsConference on January 16, 2014 in New

York City• Testing results will be presented• Conference open to the public

Second round of testing to start in Fall2013

• Testing at high ambient conditions• Additional refrigerants


24/25

SummaryThe program is an ongoing industry effort to identify low-GWPrefrigerants

Thirty-eight low-GWP candidates are being evaluated by twenty-oneentities domestically and internationally

The program is to evaluate the refrigerant candidates, and presenttheir performance in a consistent manner

The program is not to prioritize alternative refrigerants

Twenty-two test reports have been made available to the public, andall the results will be released to the public at the completion of theprogram

Reports can be downloaded from AHRI’s website http://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspx

http://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspxhttp://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspxhttp://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspxhttp://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspxhttp://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspxhttp://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspxhttp://www.ahrinet.org/ahri+low_gwp+alternative+refrigerants+evaluation+program.aspx


25/25

Thank you for your attention!

Day 1 Session III - 03 James Walters.ahri AREP

Documents

Transcript of Day 1 Session III - 03 James Walters.ahri AREP