Day 1 2.alice aureli introduction - unesco
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Transcript of Day 1 2.alice aureli introduction - unesco
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
UNESCO
International Hydrological
Programme (IHP)
Groundwater Resources Activities –
improving knowledge and capacity for the
management of a vital resource
Dr Alice Aureli
Chief of Section, Groundwater Resources and Aquifer Systems
UNESCO-IHP
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Outline
UNESCO IHP mandate –IHP Council Resolution
IHP Groundwater activities
Transboundary Aquifers – ISARM
TWAP
Financial support provided by SDC – 3 case
studies to be carried out
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
International Hydrological
Programme
The only global intergovernmental scientific programme on water resources in the UN system
Created in 1975 after the International Hydrological Decade
6 year phases, one unifying theme
Member States define needs and plans of phases
Growing emphasis on management and social aspects
Focus on gender equality and Africa
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
UNESCO‘s water familiy
UNESCO-IHP
UNESCO-IHE
UN WWAP
UNESCO regional offices, IHP national committees
Category 2 centres: IGRAC
Academia: UNESCO chairs, research institutes, universities
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
IHP VII (2008-2013)
Water dependencies:
Systems under Stress and Societal Responses
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
INTERDEPENDENCIES
SOCIETAL
RESPONSES STRESS
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
Governance Poverty
Ecosystems
at risk
Social
Challenges
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL
PROGRAMME (IHP)
EIGHTH PHASE
“WATER SECURITY: RESPONSES TO LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND
GLOBAL CHALLENGES”
STRATEGIC PLAN
IH-VIII 2014-2021
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Studies on Aquifers and Groundwater resources.
Some projects : Transboundary Aquifers Management
(ISARM) Global Hydrogeological Map (WHYMAP) Groundwater and Climate Change (GRAPHIC) Groundwater for Emergency Situations
(GWES) Projects executed by UNESCO at regional and
global with GEF, UNEP, UNDP, FAO, UNECE, WB etc..
UNESCO IHP
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
WHY GROUNDWATER IS A PRIORITY?
The largest quantity of Fresh water resources of the planet is contained in Aquifers
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
– Many countries still lack
– coherent policies and strategies for the management of aquifers and
groundwater resources
– adequate legal settings
– and institutional arrangements
An attempt at cartographic anamorphosis, showing the groundwater extractions in each country
Jean Margat, UNESCO-BRGM 2008
Dependency
on
Groundwater
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater IWRM and Sustainable development
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and its multi-
faceted, integrative approach to water systems management has
been widely considered as the solution to the world’s water issues,
IWRM still lack implementation in many part of the World
A failure to recognise the unique and special attributes of
groundwater represents one of the lost opportunities of IWRM.
Groundwater is crucial for SD - consideration of the post
MDGs 2015 and the SDG
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater issues addressed by UNESCO-IHP
Groundwater submarine discharge
Groundwater and land subsidence
Coastal aquifers management (saline intrusion)
Management of aquifer recharge (artificial recharge)
Groundwater dependent ecosystems
Groundwater in arid zones
Groundwater protection and vulnerability
Groundwater in urban areas
Endhoreic basins
Application of Isotopes techniques
Non-renewable groundwater resources
Groundwater indicators for environmental sustainability
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater data collection and assessment
Groundwater - hydrological extremes and emergency
situations
Groundwater and climate change (adaptation measures)
Application of satellite techniques
Transboundary aquifer systems management
Capacity building and training activities
Institutional and legal tools for Groundwater management
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater Resources under the Pressures
of Humanity and Climate Change (GRAPHIC)
Improve our knowledge on how
groundwater resources respond to the
impacts of climate change and human
activities
Evaluate tools and methods that could
contribute to adaptation measures
Conduct case studies, covering a
wide range of subjects, scientific methods,
and geographical and climatic settings
Derive recommendations from scientific findings and communicate
them to decision makers
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
20 case studies,
covering different
climatic, hydrogeological,
and socio-economic
settings
Scientific results and
policy recommendations
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater for Emergency Situations
(GWES)
Geological or climatic
catastrophic events, natural and
man-induced
provision of clean drinking
water is priority
Groundwater resources need to
be identified, prepared and
managed in advance
Guidelines for managers and
decision makers published
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
UNESCO IHP - ISARM The Intergovernmental Council of
UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme (IHP),
at its 20th Session held in June 2012
adopted the
Resolution IC-XX-3 on
the International Initiative on Transboundary Aquifer
Resources Management (ISARM).
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
The IHP Council encouraged :
Member States to cooperate on the study of their transboundary
aquifers;
and
Requested to the IHP Secretariat to:
(i) support Member States in promoting studies in regard to
transboundary aquifers in the framework of the existing IHP ISARM
initiative; and
(ii) continue studies on transboundary aquifers and assist interested
Member States in their studies of transboundary aquifers resources
management including by promoting capacity building and
awareness raising activities on existing instruments and
discussions.
Resolution IC-XX-3
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
>300 International Rivers UN Convention on Non
Navigational Use of
International Water
Courses 1997 – Not yet
ratified by sufficient
number of countries
If the 92-Helsinki
Convention is ready to
open to non UNECE
countries Around 500 Transboundary Aquifers
The UNILC Draft Articles
provide guidelines for the
management of transboundary
aquifers (UNGA Resolution
63/124 on the Law of
Transboundary Aquifers)
WHY TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS?
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources
Management Initiative (ISARM)
Guidelines for the
management of
transboundary
groundwater resources
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Global Overview of ISARM activities
Hydrogeological assessment of transboundary aquifers
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Transboundary aquifers identified in the
Americas, Asia, Africa, South-Eastern
Europe, Central Asia and Caucasus and
Middle East
ISARM – Inventory of TBAs and guidelines
for sustainable management
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
TBAs in Africa
2002
2005
2009
2012
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
UNESCO - OAS
ISARM AMERICAS
Phase II - Institutional and
Legal issues (2006 - 2007)
Phase III - Regional Vision
for Managing
Transboundary Aquifers
(2007 - 2008)
Phase I - Inventory of
Transboundary Aquifers of
the Americas-Hydrology-
Geological characteristics
(2003 - 2006):
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Global TBA Information System
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
World-wide Hydrogeological Mapping and
Assessment Programme - WHYMAP
First map of transboudary aquifers
Updates by IGRAC 2009 and 2012
Groundwater resources of the world
Transboundary groundwater and river basins
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary
Aquifer System (DIKTAS)
Karstic environment highly vulnerable to
pollution releases through recharge areas
Competing uses of water resources: urban water
supply, hydropower, agriculture, flood protection,
groundwater dependent ecosystems and unique
biodiversity
Main Objectives:
Transboundary nature of the Dinaric Karst AS
and the management implications recognized
by aquifers sharing states
Development of mechanisms for coordination
and information exchange at national and
regional level
Countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and
Montenegro (Slovenia, Italy and Greece)
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
4.
• The rise of several new sovereign states created new transboundary interlinkages
• TDA: Expansion and consolidation of the current scientific and technical knowledge base; preparation of thematic maps to guide management
• Development of mechanisms for coordination and information exchange at national and regional level
• Joint development and implementation of the Strategic Action Programme
Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System (DIKTAS)
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
UNGA Resolutions: The Law of Transboundary Aquifers
The UN General Assembly adopted 2 Resolutions on the ‘Law of Transboundary Aquifers' (December 2008 and 2010) .
Legal Framework for the sustainable management of shared groundwater resources
UNESCO-IHP provided technical expertise to the UN ILC
UNILC Draft Articles: tool of international law that provides recommendations to Member States
The UNGA called upon UNESCO to support Member states in the implementation of the resolution
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
PART III
PROTECTION, PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
ARTICLE 10
Protection and preservation of ecosystems
Aquifer States shall take all appropriate measures to protect and preserve ecosystems within,
or dependent upon, their transboundary aquifers or aquifer systems, including measures to
ensure that the quality and quantity of water retained in an aquifer or aquifer system, as well as
that released through its discharge zones, are sufficient to protect and preserve such
ecosystems.
ARTICLE 11
Recharge and discharge zones
1. Aquifer States shall identify the recharge and discharge zones of transboundary aquifers
or aquifer systems that exist within their territory. They shall take appropriate measures to
prevent and minimize detrimental impacts on the recharge and discharge processes.
2. All States in whose territory a recharge or discharge zone is located, in whole or in part, and
which are not aquifer States with regard to that aquifer or aquifer system, shall cooperate with
the aquifer States to protect the aquifer or aquifer system and related ecosystems
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater Governance Project funded by the GEF and executed by UNESCO-IHP, FAO,
IAH, WB.
Fundamental project component: 5 Regional Consultations (Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, Arab States, Asia and Europe)
focus on the regional characteristics of groundwater governance
discuss priorities, visions and specific challenges in the region + Private Sector Roundtable
Global Diagnostic Shared Vision Global Framework for Action on Groundwater Governance
More info: www.groundwatergovernance.org
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Groundwater Governance The distinction between management and governance is important. Broadly,
groundwater management is the set actions to implement decisions that derive from the
process of governance.
“Groundwater governance is the process by which groundwater
resources are managed through the application of responsibility,
participation, information availability, transparency, custom, and
rule of law. It is the art of coordinating administrative actions and
decision making between and among different jurisdictional
levels – one of which may be global”. (Adapted by Thematic Paper 5
drafting group after Saunier and Meganck. 2007. Dictionary and Introduction to Global
Environmental Governance)
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
UNESCO’s work in Water Diplomacy
and Water Education
UNESCO paved the way to concept of water diplomacy and
promoted several mechanisms for the peaceful management of
shared water resources (surface and groundwater)
UNESCO’s PCCP Programme (from Potential Conflict to
Cooperation Potential):
• focuses on the development of tools for the anticipation,
prevention and mitigation of water conflicts through research and
capacity building activities
• facilitates multi-level and interdisciplinary dialogues to foster
peace, cooperation and development related to the management
of transboundary water resources.
UNESCO’s Institute for Water Education – IHE
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
A GLOBAL INITIATIVE BEING LAUNCHED financed by the GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY AIMED AT BRINGING TO THE GLOBAL ATTENTION THE IMPORTANCE AND VULNERABILITY OF TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS SYSTEMS, AND ESTABLISHING A BASELINE FOR FOLLOW ON MONITORING OF TRENDS AND IMPACTS
TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS
ASSESSMENT PROGRAM -
TWAP
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
GEF Transboundary Waters Assessment
Programme (TWAP)
Indicator-based global
assessments of 5 transboundary
water systems: Aquifers, Rivers,
Lakes, LMEs, Open Oceans
Largely based on existing data
Carried out in cooperation with
partners at national, regional and
global level
Provide guidance to the GEF for
science-based allocation of funds
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
TWAP – Assessment of TBAs and SIDS
UNESCO-IHP: executing agency
for the global assessment of
transboundary aquifers and SIDS
groundwater systems
Methodology developed by an
international expert group led by
UNESCO
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
(1) Provide a description of the present status of transboundary
aquifers (TBA) and aquifers in Small Island Developing States
(SIDS)
(2) Bring to the global attention the potentialities and the vulnerability
of transboundary aquifer systems, and catalyze action.
TWAP Transboundary Aquifers - Objectives
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Level 1: global baseline
assessment
Level 2: in-depth
assessment in pilot TBAs
(case studies)
TheTWAP assessment of Transboundary Aquifers will
be carried out at 2 levels:
Reduced set of indicators
Covering 166 TBAs and 43
SIDS
Funded by the GEF and
partner co-financing
contributions
Full set of indicators
Covering only selected TBAs
Funded by co-financing contribution
–SDC Main partner
3rd meeting of the IWRM and Water Diplomacy strategic pillar - Bern, 27-28 September 2012
Thank you!