David M. Beyer - Plant Pathology · Disease management program for fungal diseases of Agaricus...
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David M. Beyer
Transcript of David M. Beyer - Plant Pathology · Disease management program for fungal diseases of Agaricus...
David M. Beyer
Personnel Dr. John Pecchia
Kimberley Paley
Vija Wilkinson
Dr. Greg Roth - Agronomy
Chris Houser - Agronomy
Doug Keith, Joey Martian and Henry Shawley MRC and MTDF staff
Funding Mushroom Industry Endowment Fund
Giorgi Mushroom Company Fund
Disease management program for fungal diseases of Agaricus bisporus Evaluate the efficacy of existing fungicides in managing post-casing mushroom
pathogens
Evaluate different methods to manage or control the growth of later break green molds caused by several species of Trichoderma
The use of corn stover, soybean stover/hay and switchgrass in mushroom substrate preparation and the subsequent use of post crop mushroom compost to replace nutrients removed with these crop materials Evaluate corn stover and soybean stover hay as alternative materials
Document the potential of a cropping system that includes 75% stover removal in the spring, no-till production, and a SMS application prior to corn planting
Cultural and environmental factors influencing the development of fungal diseases Further investigate the role of anaerobic compost on Trichoderma disease
development for Phase II and Phase II composts
Evaluate liquid Mertect application on spawn; an alternative to Topsin
Bravo, Mertect, and or Topsin◦ Application timing and rates
◦ Amount of water to apply chemical
Rates◦ Topsin 2% - 1 lb/8000 sq ft
◦ Mertect full rate 8 fl oz; ½ rate of 4 fl oz; or 2 fl oz/1000 sq ft
◦ Bravo 5.5 fl oz; ½ rate 2.75 fl oz 1000 sq ft
Crops were inoculated with a 100,000 spore/ml suspension that was sprayed on the casing◦ Day 3, 10 or 13 after casing
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1/2 rate Bravo applied day 8-9
Full rate Bravo applied day 8-9
1/2 rate Mertec applied at case and between breaks
Full rate Mertec applied at case and between breaks
Topsin at case (1lb/8000)
Topsin at case and pin (1lb/8000)
Topsin at pin only (1lb/8000)
Trilogy,applied at case, at pin, and between breaks
Control
Vert
1st Break
2nd Break
a
ab
ab
ab
ab
ab
ab
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
1/2 rate Bravo day 8-9
Full rate Bravo day 8-9
1/2 rate Mertect at Case and between …
Full rate Mertect at Case and between …
Topsin at case 1 lb/8000ft2
Topsin at case and pin
Topsin at pin only
Trilogy, labeled rate
Control
Incidence of Vert
a
ab
ab
ab
ab
b
b
b
b
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Mertect at Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz
Mertect at Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz using 1/2 water
Mertect into Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz
Mertect at Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz and Bravo 10-11 after casing
Bravo applied day 10-11 after casing
Bravo applied day 10-11 after casing 1/2 rate of water
Bravo 2 days before harvest
Control- Inoculated 3 days after casing
Control- Uninoculated
Incidence of Vert
Pre-1st
1st Brk
2nd Brk
3rd Brk
a
ab
ab
b
ab
ab
ab
ab
b
a
a
a
ab
a
a
a
a
0 20 40 60
2nd Break
3rd Break
a
ab
ab
ab
ab
ab
b
b
bControl- Uninoculated
Control- Inoculated 13 Days after casing
Bravo 2 days before harvest
Bravo applied day 10-11 after casing 1/2 rate of water
Bravo applied day 10-11 after casing
Mertect @ Casing 8 oz/between brk 4 oz + Bravo 10-11 after casing
Mertect into Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz
Mertect at Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz using 1/2 water
Mertect at Casing 8fl oz/between break 4 fl oz
lbs/ft2% Bio-
Efficiency
Treatment Break 1* Break 2 Break 3 Total
Control 1.92 a 3.55 a 0.55 a 6.01 a 87.05
Corn Stover 10% by volume 2.02 a 3.31 a 0.75 a 6.08 a88.05
Corn Stover 25% by volume 1.89 a 3.18 a 0.71 a 5.78 a109.17
Corn Stover 50% by volume 1.98 a 3.41 a 0.51 a 5.89 a102.89
1Data in the same column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different.
lbs/ft2% Bio-
Efficiency
Treatment Break 1 * Break 2 Break 3 Total
20 % Corn Stover (CS) 2.53 ab 1.82 a 0.83 a 5.19 a 105.62
20 % Soybean Stover (SS) 2.65 a 1.66 a 0.69 a 5.00 a 101.92
8% CS: 8% SS 2.61 a 2.06 a 0.80 a 5.47 a 98.00
13.5% CS : 13.5% SS 2.72 a 1.70 a 0.84 a 5.26 a 105.66
Control 2.17 b 1.85 a 0.90 a 4.92 a 88.14
1Data in the same column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different.
TreatmentSoil
Residue Cover
Pre Harvest
Plant Height
Grain Moisture
Grain Yield
(15.5%)Plant
Population
Total Biomass
(dm)
Stover Biomass
(dm) Lodging
% inches % bu/acre plts/acre Tons/A Tons/A %
SMS/stover† 78 110 24.9 194.8 28385 8.53 2.30 15
NPK/stover 81 102 23.4 182.8 28295 7.70 2.19 14
NPK 99 108 26.2 172.0 27932 7.90 15
Mean 86 107 24.8 183.2 28204 8.04 2.25 15
LSD (0.05) 6.5 2.6 2.2 NS NS NS NS NS
† SMS/stover= SMS application with stover harvest; NPK/stover= NPK application and stover harvest; NPK= NPK fertilizer and no stover harvest
Liquid formulation of Mertect• Mertect - 3.55 ml / kg spawn
50 and 100 ml water
• Topsin - 0.96 g/ kg of spawn
The Trichoderma was inoculated following Dr.
Rinker’s procedure
• A 5 cm deep hole was created in the surface of the compost
• Treated spawn was placed in the hole
• 0.1 ml of 108 spore suspension was added and
• Hole was filed and pressed slightly
- 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Control
Mertect High water
Mertect Low water
Topsin
Control inoculated
Mertect High water inoculated
Mertect Low water inoculated
Topsin inoculated
Break 1 Break 2
bc
dc
ab
ab
ab
ab
bc
a
c
c
d
ab
ab
a
ab
ab
a
a
a
a
ab
abc
bc
c
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
At Case 7 days 1st Brk End 2nd Brk
Control inoculated Mertect High water inoculatedMertect Low water inoculated Topsin inoculated
TreatmentTotal
Control 5.34 a
Mertect applied 255 ml per 100 m2 after casing 5.57 a
Mertect applied 255 ml per 100 m2 after casing and after 1st break 5.49 a
JAZZ applied after casing at 10 lbs/8,000 sq.ft. 6.02 a
JAZZ applied after casing and 1st break at 10 lbs/8,000 sq.ft. 5.68 a
1% Sodium bicarbonate applied after casing and after 1st break 5.68 a
2% Sodium bicarbonate applied after casing and after 1st break 5.54 a
1% Ammonium Bicarbonate after casing and after 1st break 5.78 a
2% Ammonium Bicarbonate after casing and after 1st break 5.27 a
1Data in the same column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Control
Sodium bicarbonate applied at 2% after casing and after 1st break
Sodium bicarbonate applied at 1% after casing and after 1st break
Sylvan JAZZ applied after casing and 1st break at recommended rate
Sylvan JAZZ applied after casing at recommended rate
Mertect applied 255 ml per 100 m2 after casing and after 1st break
Mertect applied 255 ml per 100 m2 after casing
Ammonium Bicarbonate 2% after casing and after 1st break
Ammonium Bicarbonate 1% after casing and after 1st break
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Days
Surf
ace
Are
a C
ove
rage (
%)
Control Lactic 1.00 Lactic 2.50 Lactic 5.00 Succinic 1.00
Succinic 2.50 Succinic 5.00 Oxalic 1.00 Oxalic 2.50 Oxalic 5.00
Future Proposed Work (Funding?)
Disease Management Variations on fungicide applications – combinations of
registered fungicides
Trichoderma and organic acids
○ Quantify organic acids during the crop cycle
Other Trichoderma and Verticillium management options
Adding Phase II compost to Phase III compost at casing Phase II cheaper to make
Increase substrate at casing time at reduced cost
Carbon foot printing the mushroom crop Dennis Buffington
