David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C....
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Transcript of David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C....
![Page 1: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz
fMRI Activation of the Fusiform Gyrus and Amygdala to Cartoon Characters but not to Faces in a boy with Autism
Laura Kwon
![Page 2: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Autism?
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) social impairments deficits in language development stereotypic or repetitive behaviors
Face perception deficit Relates to social impairments
Different way of perceving faces Hypoactivation in the Amygdala and
Fusiform Face Area (FFA)
![Page 3: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Autistic person - Smaller and more densely packed neurons
• Damage in Amygdala - Deficits in emotion perception
Fusiform Face Area (FFA) Amygdala
• Composed of…- Middle fusiform gyrus (FG)- Occipito-temporal visual cortical area
• Most activated by the human face• Damage in FFA - Prosopagnosia
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Hypothesis
FFA & Amygdala of autistic individuals would respond to their special interests despite a lack of activation to faces
Previous findings - expertise
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Methods
Participants DD (Autism+Digimon) – 11 yrs
- Expertise in Digimon CC (Autism) – 17 yrs
- No expertise/ interest in digimon/ pokemon TDC (No Autism+Pokemon) – 10 yrs
- Expertise in Pokemon, but knew of digimon
Procedure1. Forced-choice verification task (Behavioural Response)2. Neuroimaging task (fMRI)
![Page 6: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Method - Neuroimaging task
2 sessions (E1) DD & CC
- Unfamiliar faces
- Digimon
- Nonface objects (E2) DD & TDC
- Familiar faces
- Unfamiliar faces
- Digimon
- Nonface objects
![Page 7: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
( )( )3.9s
0.3s
Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus(( ((
12s
1 Block
Same or Different
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Results - DD
FFA- No activation to
unfamiliar faces
- Significant activation to Digimon
Amygdala- Showed bilateral
activation for Digimon
![Page 9: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results
DD; FFA & Amygdala responded more to Digimon than to faces or objects
Neither TDC nor CC had greater activation to Digimon than objects or faces
![Page 10: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Discussion
FFA “Face Module” damaged Expertise
Amygdala DD found Digimon emotionally meaningful (more
salient and rewarding than human face)
![Page 11: David J. Grelottia, Ami J. Klina, Isabel Gauthierb, Pawel Skudlarskic, Donald J. Cohena, John C. Gored, Fred R. Volkmara, Robert T. Schultz fMRI Activation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56649d1b5503460f949f06b2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Conclusion
FFA and Amygdala of Autistic individuals function normally under certain conditions
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Personal Opinion
Strengths Real life application Various approach
Limitations Subjects – small #, not well matched Technical difficulty – part of results lost due to malfunction
of the devices Next Step?
Other special interest or expertise? Explore possible treatment for autism?
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Thank you for listening!
Questions?