David A. Larkin - MyWork...Medieval Irish Records-David A. Larkin 1542 Henry VIII styles himself...

Medieval Irish Records -David A. Larkin

Medieval Irish

ResourcesDavid A. Larkin

2008 Family History Fair

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There are surprisingly a number of records of the Irish Nation prior to the Stewart Era comprising the middle ages and medieval times.

The Irish themselves had their record keepers in monasteries from the eighth century until Tudor times, and the hereditary genealogists continued their profession well into the nineteenth century. The church in particular has been the source of Irish history until modern times.

After the Norman invasion and Henry II landed in Ireland 1172, there have been State or Crown records kept by public officials with records relating to all levels of Irish society.

Some categories of Historical Records available include...

State RecordsAnnals and GenealogiesEcclesiastical RecordsFamily RecordsLocal History

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State RecordsState Records, as the name suggests, were created by the Crown officials and relate to an account of the expenditure and legal proceedings of the Crown.

Some dates of events pertaining to these records are...1172 Henry II lands in Ireland claiming it for Britain.1186 The English Pale is established with its governing body around Dublin.1295 Parliament of Ireland held by the Lord Justice John Wogan.1348 The Great Plague kills over a third of the Irish population, mainly in towns.1366 The Statutes of Kilkenny forbid English to marry or foster with the Irish;

All praying by Irish forbidden; Irish not to wear English beards.1381 March Heralds and Norrey King of Arms were established in Ireland.1494 The Statute of Drogheda subordinates Irish politics to England.1537 Henry VIII suppresses the Irish language and customs determining their appearance,

and imposes the Protestant faith and destroyed over 500 churches.1539 Con O Neill and the Archbishop of Armagh are defeated by English forces, and submit

to English rule with Conn renouncing his Irish title (The O Neill, King of Ulster) and becoming Earl of Tyrone. (his illegitemate son Mathew Kelly becomes The O Neill, Baron of Dungannon, but is quickly slain by his half brother Shane O Neill)

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1542 Henry VIII styles himself King of Ireland.1552 The Office of Arms (Ulster King of Arms) is established in Ireland.1553 Queen Mary Tudor and King Phillip of Spain re-establish the Roman faith in Ireland

and establish Kings and Queens counties planted with English Catholics.1558 Queen Elizabeth I re-establishes the Protestant faith as the State Religion in Ireland.1560 Elizabeth I orders the Roman Catholic clergy out of Ireland under pain of death.1600 Elizabeth I appoints Lord Mountjoy as Governor of Ireland with a policy of starving

the Irish into submission.

The most common State Records were the Rotuli Annales - the Great Rolls, also called Pipe Rolls, Close Rolls, Chancery Rolls or Patent Rolls, and were the accounts of the revenue of the Crown. They contain matters of a similar kind detailing particulars of revenue of any matters relating to the finance of the kingdom. They contained the charge and discharge of the Sheriffs (Charters, Patents, Writs) through whose hands all the money passed as collector of revenues of the Crown. Private individuals paid fines for permission to enter the substance of their deeds and charters upon the great roll in order to preserve a legal memorial of the contents.

Upon these rolls are many important entries showing property belonging to the crown, whether ancient Demesne or otherwise; if at farm or granted in Fee to individuals or Town Corporations; Relief paid by barons and persons holding land in Fee; Repairs and provisions of castles and towns and civil officials; Knights Fees; fines for granting wardenships; fines from knights for licence to defend themselves; fines for Writs, Pleas, Tryals and Judgements; fines for debts to be recovered; fines for holding office, trading etc...; fines for pardons for crimes committed against the crown, and for many other causes.

Another such record similarly abundant in the above were the Fiants. These were letters patent for appointments of civil officials; licences for fairs and markets; charters and grants for property and marriage settlements; statutes of law; and pardons by the crown listing officials down to rebels and the followers of these landowning rebels. Many of the ordinary people, even the lowest kern, are mentioned in these records. They also contain reports of the state of the country naming many chieftains and their lands and followers of these. The Elizabethan Fiants (1553-1603) for north Cork and east Kerry are contained in volume 7 of O Kief Coshe Mange.

A selection of these records are...1172-1603 Calendar of Ormonde Deeds. (ed) Edmund Curtis. (SLV)1172-1922 Irish Historical Documents. (ed) Edmund Curtis. (SLV)1186-1874 Lord Chancellors of Ireland. (ed) Oliver J. Burke 1879.1221-1921 Judges in Ireland. F. E. Ball 1926. (CD -Rom) (LDS 990439)1228-1818 Pipe Rolls of Ireland. DKPRI reports 40/50. (SLV)1295-1314 Justicary Rolls. (ed) James Mills, 1905. (SLV)13-15c Knights Fees in Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, E St John Brooks 1950.1461-1603 Close Rolls of Ireland. (LDS 819987-819992)1515-74 Calendar of Carew Manuscripts. (ed) JS Brewer & W Bullen. 1867.1521-1603 Fiants of the Tudors. DKPRI reports 7-18 (ed) James Morrin (SLV)

(LDS 1279255) reprinted by Eamon de Burca, Mayo.1537-1603 Patent and Close Rolls of the Irish Chancery. (ed) James Morrin (SLV)1542-1650 Freemen of Waterford. The Irish Genealogist 1978.

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1575-88 Calendar of State Papers, Ireland. (ed) Wm Carew.1577 Musters of Officers Garrisoned in Ireland. Analecta Hibernica 2.1581-86 Calendar of Irish Council Books. Analecta Hibernica 24.1585 Index to the Composicion Booke of Connought. (ed) Gerald A. Hayes-McCoy

Annals and GenealogiesANNALSThe annals were the earliest recorded history of Ireland kept by the monks and then by the hereditary senachie families of historians and genealogists. Those available to us date from the eighth century, themselves copies of earlier works, all of which have been copied and updated right through to the seventeenth and in some cases the nineteenth century.

They are notes mainly of obituaries, battles, natural occurrences and newsworthy snippets listed chronologically from the earliest times. They have been translated and edited with copious notes on nomenclature, topography, genealogy and historical comment by eminent scholars which provide us with an english translation of Ireland’s history.

The most notable and accessible (translated) of these include...Annals of the Four Masters

Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland from the earliest times to 1616, compiled by the Four Masters (O Clery, O Dugenan and O Mulconry scholars) led by Miceal O Clery from 1632 to 1636, for their patron Ferghal O Gara. They have been edited with copious annotations and cross references by Dr. John O Donovan in 1856. (reprinted in O Kief Coshe Mange, and also published by de Burca)

Annals of UlsterOriginally called the Book of Ballymacmanus, these annals start from the establishment

of the See of Armagh 431 and were compiled by Cathal MacManus Maguire, Dean of Clogher to 1498, and continued to 1520 by Rory O Cassidy, Archbishop of Clogher. Edited and annotated by Hennessy and MacCarthy in 4 volumes 1887-1901 (LDS 1484651, and at SLV)

Annals of InnisfallenDating from 433 to 1450, they were written by the monks of Emly in Tipperary from

1092 and the last recorded century was finished at Innisfallen, Kerry. Edited by Sean MacAirt for the Dublin Institute of Celtic studies 1944 (LDS 1484645, and I have a copy)

Annals of Connacht Dating from 1224-1562, they were an extension of the Annals of Clonmacnoise by the

O Mulconry family. They were edited by A Martin Freeman for the Dublin Institute 1944. (LDS 1484988, and I have a copy)

Annals of ClonmacnoiseOriginally the Annals of Tigernach Ua Braoin (O Breen of Brawney) Abbot of

Clonmacnoise d.1088; extended to 1520 by Augustin MicRaith, Ollav of Lough Ree.

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Translated and edited to 1408 by the scholar Connla MacGeoghegan of Westmeath in 1627. Edited by D Murphy for the Dublin Institute of Celtic Studies 1896.

Annals of Loch Ce (Lough Key)1014-1590 Edited for publication by William Hennessey 1886.

Annals of WestmeathFr John Colgan OFM, 1645. edited by Rev James Woods 1907. (LDS 1279284)

GENEALOGIESThe genealogical collections were also compiled, copied, updated and even fabricated on occasions by the same monks, and learned antiquarian families.

The most commonly referenced sources are...The O Clery Book of Genealogies

The genealogies collection up to 1620, of Cucogry O Clery, one of the Four Masters who resided at Boylagh, Donegal until 1631. They were taken to Dublin by his descendant John O Clery in 1817, and subsequently purchased by Dr George Petrie in 1830 for the Royal Irish Academy, and are catalougued as Ms 23 D 17. Translated, edited and printed by the Irish Manuscript Commission as Analecta Hibernica #18 (1951) by Seamus Pender. An English Index to the surnames and clan names was printed in the Irish Genealogist by Frank B Payton 1979.

MacFirbis’ Great Book of GenealogiesThis great book of genealogies by Dubhaltach MacFirbisigh (1600-1671) of Lacken,

Sligo, who worked for the antiquarian Sir James Ware in Dublin, was mainly compiled in Galway City 1649-50 before the Cromwellian occupation, and an abridgment of these was completed by 1667. The Eugene O Curry transcript of 1836 in the RIA (Ms C VI 2), has been recently translated, edited and fully indexed by Dr Nollaig O Muraile, a native of Knock, Mayo into five volumes and published by Eamonn de Burca (of Castlebar, Mayo -costs €635). Vols 1-3 are the original MacFirbis compilation published in Irish on one page with the English translation on the opposing page. Vol 4 is a catalogue of extracts and cross references to material and photos of the original manuscript, and an index to placenames, family branches and tribes. Vol 5 is a new personal name index of over 30,500 individuals.

Geineallaghe FearmanachA collection of genealogies of families of Co Fermanagh compiled by Matha O Luinin

from 1396, and subsequent generations of this learned family to Cathal O Luinin (Dr Charles Lynegar of TCD) in 1712 and extended by Matha O Luininin and Labhras O Taran in 1809 and was last in the hands of Matha’s nephew Paul O Longain in 1842. This Genealogical Office manuscript (GO Ms 658) was transcribed and edited by Cormac O Cadhla and printed in Analecta Hibernica # 3 (1931). T Whitley Moran compiled and English index to these with notes and guidance from Kenneth Nicholls, which was printed in the Irish Genealogist 1976.

O Donovans Arms and Genealogiesca 400-1700. A collection of genealogies by the eminent scholar Dr. John O Donovan during his reserch for the Ordnance Survey and RIA. (LDS 101014 item 4)

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Genealogical TractsA collection of pedigrees by Tomas O Raithbheartaigh, 1932. (SLV has a copy)

Genealogical Office CollectionA Pedigree index to the GO collection is available at GSQ and LDS 928034.

Ecclesiastical RecordsChurch Records of the medieval period record incumbent clergy and lay wardens of the church, and later have registers of the congregation by way of wills and marriage licences and funeral entries -but not very much of the latter during medieval times though.

From the church records many eminent scholars among the clergy have compiled histories of the Diocese or parish under the direction and patronage of a Bishop wishing to immortalise himself in the church history. These histories however usually record the antiquities and social communities of the congregation leading to much in the way of sept or clan histories of the chieftains who patronised the monasteries and churches within their territory or petty kingdom.

HistoricalChronolgy of the Foundations of Irish Franciscans 1224-1632. Analecta Hibernica 6.Clergy of Connor. Rev James Blennerhassett Leslie 1922.Clogher Clergy and Parishes. Rev James B. Leslie 1929.Derry Clergy and Parishes. Rev James B. Leslie 1937.Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore. Rev James O Laverty. 1898.Ecclesiastical History of the Diocese of Meath. Rev J Cogan (LDS 1441069)Episcopal rentals of the Diocese of Clonfert, Tuam and Kilmacduagh 1565-67. AH 26.Records of the Diocese of Cork, Ross and Cloyne. W. M. Brady. 1863.Register of St. Saviour’s, Waterford 1468-80. AH 23.Register of the See of Armagh. (ed) T. G. F. Patterson.

WillsDublin Wills and Grant Books Index 1400s-1600s Index to Irish Wills (Consistorial) 1556-1858. 5 vols. Phillimore and Thrift. 1911.Prerogative Wills of Ireland 1536-1810. (ed) Sir Arthur Vicars 1896.

(Indexed Abstracts by Sir William Betham 1853. LDS 100188)

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Family RecordsFamily records may consist of collections of private papers in private or public keeping. They also consist of records kept by the genealogists and heralds of the Office of Arms -particularly the Burke family of Ulster Kings of Arms and heralds, whose volumes on the peerages, landed gentry, and landed commoners have been published.

The first Heralds or Kings of Arms in Ireland were established in 1381, with a mission to seek out armigerious gentlemen and record their arms and pedigrees. The native Irish however had their own hereditary genealogists who kept such information and these chieftains were loathe to part with fees for the privilege of some English Pursuivant recording such stuff. The earliest records were often those of Anglo-Irish lords and gentlemen and leading civil officials and town corporations. One of the earliest records were the Funeral Entries which records the arms and any information gleaned at the funeral of noble personage, or even from the tombs of more distant deceased gentlemen.

These records form a basis of material held from the establishment of the Ireland Kings of Arms in 1419, and the Office of Ulster King of Arms established by Edward VI in 1552, which are mostly held by the Genealogical Office of Ireland which was established by the Republic in 1943. A collection of “The Armes of the Ierish Gentrie” -602 Coats of Arms and pedigrees by Richard Carney, Athlone Pursuivant dated 16 May 1681 is preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford [Rawl m 69b]. Like the hereditary Irish genealogical families who passed on the profession over several centuries, the English Office of Arms in Ireland also had its hereditary genealogists. The Burke family held office from 1853 to 1899. Sir William Betham and his family held various positions of Arms from 1807 to 1890; the Carney family dynasty held office from 1655 to 1700 while the Hawkins family were officers of Arms from 1698 to 1787.

Printed Family Records include...A General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. John Bernard Burke 1884The Peerages of Great Britain and Ireland. Burkes Peerage. (annual)The Landed Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland. Burkes Peerage 1886.Burkes Family Records of Ireland. Burkes Peerage 1897.The Landed Gentry of Ireland. Burkes Peerage 1899, 1904, 1912, 1958.Lodge’s Peerage of Ireland. 1754.Funeral Entries in the Genealogical Office. (LDS 100248)Pedigree Index in the Genealogical Office. (LDS 928034)Survey of Papers in Private Keeping. Analecta Hibernica 15, 20, 25.

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Local HistoryLocal History and Ecclesiastical histories often overlapped as they tended to be written by the ecclesiastical scholars undertaking a history of the diocese or parish they are working in. Lay scholars tend to use more civil history and local antiquities in their works.

There are numerous histories written based on localities that offer varying degrees of records within the publication. Most however give a number of records that are of interest to the genealogist, such as lists of ecclesiastic incumbents and civil servants. Occupational records may also be included as well as the history of the local septs and clans, and of the politics of the district. Many are now being made available on CD rom, while others will still be available to the genealogist through the LDS film hire scheme until such time as they are published onto CD. An example of a few of these and the records they contain are...

History of the Town of the County of Galway -James Hardiman 1820. (available on CD)

Contents include...Origins of Galway and notes on the Fourteen Tribes of Galway Town.History from the earliest times to the invasion of Henry II (1172).Chapters on the history of Anglo-Norman Galway to 1484, thence to 1641, thence to 1660,

thence to 1691, then to the present (1820).Ecclesiastical History and extensive lists of Civil Officials from 1274 to 1818.Notes on native families can be gleaned from the many Civil By-Laws.

History of the Diocese of Ossory (Kilkenny/ Laois)-Rev William Carrigan 1905, 4 vols. (available on CD with new index)

Contents include...History of the ancient divisions, Clans and Septs of Ossory, with a full history and pedigree of

the Kings of Ossory (MacGillapadraig / Fitzpatrick) to the nineteenth century.History and Antiquities of the Diocese.Ecclesiastical History and biographies of Bishops to the fourteenth century.Pedigrees and notes on a number of native Ossory families.

History and Topography of Co. Clare -James Frost 1893 (LDS 962220, also available at www.clarelibrary.ie)

Contents include...Topographical Description of the divisions, Sept and Clan lands of Thomond, with notes and

annals and pedigrees of a number of leading Gaelic families, including the O Briens.History of Thomond from the earliest times to 1318 with the death of de Clare, and thence

from 1318 to 1580 when Thomond was formed into the English County of Clare.History of Co. Clare to 1641, which includes records such as...

Rent Rolls, Inquisitions, Pedigrees, Book of Survey and Distribution 1636-1703, Popish Priests 1704, Freemen of Ennis 1692-1775, MP’s of Ennis 1613-1880, JP’s of Clare 1661-1862, Grand Juries 1732, 1784, 1799 and 1805, Convert Rolls 1702-1789.

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History of the County of Dublin-John D’Alton 1838. (available on CD)

History and Antiquities, and Ecclesiastical History of the County of Dublin.

History of the Kingdom of Kerry -Sr. M F Cusack 1871. (available on CD, also printed in O Kief Coshe Mange)

History and Antiquities, Ecclesiastical History, and notes and pedigrees on many Kerry familes, both Norman and native.

Other Local Histories include...Ancient and Present State of the City and County of Cork -C Smith 1815 Antiquities of Inishowen and Tir Conail (Donegal) (LDS 992997)Armachiana; History and Monuments of Co. Armagh -TGF Patterson (LDS 1279353)Armagh Clergy and Parishes -Rev James Blennerhassett Leslie 1911 (LDS 897012)Ardagh and Clonmacnoise Diocesan Records (LDS 1279285)Church and Parish Records of Cork, Ross and Cloyne -W M Brady 1863 (LDS 994003)Clergy of Connor -Rev James B Leslie 1922Clogher Clergy and Parishes -Rev James B Leslie 1929 (LDS 1696604)Derry Clergy and Parishes -Rev James B Leslie 1937 (LDS 994003)Diocese of Killaloe -P Dwyer 1878 (LDS 990339)Diocese of Down and Connor 1595-1895 -James O Laverty 1895 (rep 1945)Diocese of Meath -CoganEcclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore -James O Laverty 1898Ecclesiastical History of Meath Diocese -J Cogan (LDS 1441069)Ferns Clergy and Parishes -Rev James B Leslie 1936Galway History and Society -Moran and Gillespie 1996Galway Town and Gown 1484-1984 -Diarmaid O Cearbhaill 1984 History and Antiquities of County Carlow -J Ryan 1834 (LDS 1441050)History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Kilmacduagh -Rev Jerome Fahy 1895 (LDS 994093)History of Drogheda and Environs -John D’Alton 1844History of Dundalk and Environs -John D’Alton 1864History of Ely O Carroll and Ancient Ormond -John Gleeson 1915History of Kilsaran Union Co. Louth -Rev James B Leslie 1908 History of Limerick -John Ferrar 1787History of Monaghan 1660-1860 -D C Rushe 1921History of Sligo -T O’Rourke 1889 (2 vols)History of Sligo County and Town -WG Wood-Martin 1882-92 (3 vols)History of the Archdiocese of Tuam -Rev E A D’Alton 1928History of the County and City of Cork -C B Gibson 1861History of the Dalcassian Clans of Clare, Tipperary, Limerick and Galway -P White 1893History of the Town and County of Wexford -Phillip Hoare 1900History of the Town of Belfast 1798-1810 -George Benn 1877 (2 vols) (LDS 994094)History, Topography and Antiquities of Waterford - R H Ryland 1824Knights Fees in Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny -Eric St. John Brooks 1950Limerick, its History and Antiquities -M Lenihan 1866Midland Septs and The Pale - F Hitchcock 1908O Kief Coshe Mange Slieve Lougher and Upper Blackwater -Albert E Casey 1951+Ossory Clergy and Parishes -Rev James B Leslie 1933 (LDS 973045)

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Register of the See of Armagh -T G F PattersonTribes and Customs of Hy Many -John O Donovan 1844 (LDS 1279286)Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach -John O Donovan 1846 (LDS 1426119)

Appendix.

Medieval Sovereigns and their regnal datesHenry II 1154-1189 Edward III 1327-1377 Edward V 1483Richard I 1189-1199 Richard II 1377-1399 Richard III 1483-1485John 1199-1216 Henry IV 1399-1413 Henry VII 1485-1509Henry III 1216-1272 Henry V 1413-1422 Henry VIII 1509-1547Edward I 1272-1307 Henry VI 1422-1461 Edward VI 1547-1553Edward II 1307-1327 Edward IV 1461-1483 Mary 1553-1558

Elizabeth I 1558-1603

Some Extracts from these Records...

State RecordsRolls. These examples have been taken from documents printed with the following titles -all Historical Records of Ireland... Close Rolls; Patent Rolls (Rotulorium Patentium Hibernicum); Chancery Decree Rolls (Rotulorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium); Calendar of Irish Council Books; Calendar of State Papers of Ireland; Chamber Payments by Chancery.

7 Aug 1220. Rot Pat Hib f.37 Henry IIIConfirmation of the grant of Donaldus O Bryan to the Cistercians of Killecouil.[Kilcooly, Tipperary]

22 March 1313. Close Roll 6 Edw II (416-7)Eth O Konhor duc Hibernicum Conactae et xxv duces.[Art O Connor, king of Connacht and 25 Chiefs recognised]

14 March 1315. ibid 8 Edw II m149Nigello Uhanlain duc de Echre to give credence to Edm le Botiller.[Niall O Hanlon, king of Orior, to serve Lord Ormonde]

2 Sept 1331. Inquisition 4 Edw III Legal proceeding against [Thomas Fitzgerald 1329-56] Erle of Desmond. Inquisition held at Corke, depositions from...Dermicium fillium Dermisch McCarthi, Bren Obren, Willelum carragh McBren, Gregorius McRyry, Walterus carragh Obren, Cormac McCarthi, Dermicius McDermod. [McCarthy, O Briens, McRory and MacDermott]

28 July 1334. 5 Edw III f.38Johanne de Wellaslye, milite, pro servitus les O Totheles £24 in custodia de Dunlovan.[paid to Sir John Wellesly for the capture of O Tooles at Dunlavin, Wicklow]

27 Aug 1345. Inquisition at Botauaunt [Buttevant, Cork] deponants for the Earl of Desmond...Dermicius filius Dermicii mcCarthi, Dounwyth mcDermot McCarthi, Douenaldus carbragh McCarthiCormuk donne Mccarthi, Mckeu Omaghoun, Maghoun McMurriartagh, Omaghoun mcKeen, Mcloghlyn Omaghoun, Donghith McConghir, Omahoun Fynith McConghir, Omaghoun Gillenengill Okerny, Deneualdus Oreilly, Maghernys Brak Mckeu, Conghir Brak Omaghoun.[McCarthy, O Mahon, McMoriarty, McKean, McConner, O Kearney, O Reilly, McHugh]

1347 21 Edw III. Licence by Walter de Birmingham, justicar, to John Roch to grant the Carmelites an acre of land to found a new house at Turribirm, Cloncurry, Kildare.

1358 32 Edw III. Licence by Amaury de St Amande, justicar, for a grant by John, Count of Moreton to St. John’s, Waterford, for the Order of St Benedict.

1485. 3 Richd III. Irish Revenue Accounts

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Waltero de la hyde, armigero, constabulario de Wykelow, patentes domini Eduardi quarti nuper Regis Anglie, xx marc. [£20 paid for service as Constable of Wicklow as per granted by Edward IV] ... custuma, ville de Galwey, per estimacionem, Fechlyn O Conghour, pro frima trium, cantred in Connacia, per annum.. ccc marc. [Customs paid to Felim O Connor, king of Connacht, for the town of Galway]. payments signed by... Thomas Fytzgarreot, Canceler; Ro Eustas, Thesurer; Phylyp Bermyngham, cheff justice off Irlande; Thomas Douedall, keeper of ye rolles in Irland; Henry Duff, justice.

25 May 1488. Pat Rol 3 Henry VII p227, pt 2, m9.Pardon to Richard Nugent, Baron de Delvyn for offences committed against ye crowne.

24 May 1497. Chamber Payments, 12 Henry VIII.Item to one Walshe of Irlande £6-13-4.Item to a servaunt of Alexander blonket [Plunkett] 26 shillings.

9 Aug 1497. same.Item to therle of kildares stuward [Garret Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy] 66 shillings.Item to John Colyar a burgess of Dublyn. 11 shillings.

7 May 1524. Pat Roll xiv Henry VIII. [Trade agreement between Galway and Limerick]Article of Endentur before Stephyne Lynche fitzDomynyeke, then being mayor, John Fallon and John ffrench, baylyffes, with theyr coburgens theyr resembled; betwexte the citye of Lymeryk of the one partye, and the towne of Galweye of that other partye; .....Chrystofor Artur, Galweye wytnese; Nichs Artur, Galweye wytnese; Dauid Comen Lymeryke citzen; Ambrose Lynche fitzJames, Galweye merchant; Walter Lynche fitzThomas, Arbytratour Gallweye; Antony Lynche fitzThomas, Arbytratour Gallweye; ..... In wytnes of which we, the foresaid arbytrors have prayed and requyred Matthewe Lorcane, notorye [Town Clerk] to wryte and sign this our arbytracon and pacificacon endented under his sign manual [Larkin’s seal of office] and have subscribed our names with the meralty ys seall, [Stephen Lynch’s Mayors seal] sett to the same, wrytten at Gallweye, the day and yeare aforesaid.

22 Jan 1535/6. Pat Roll 27 Henry VIII. [terms of a grant of English liberty to Thady O Byrne]By arbitraunt of the erle of Ossrye, Thadaeus Obryn to be faithful and obediant, not to adhere to any Irish or other, against the king, especially the O Toolys., he will pay 120 cows or as many marks before ss Philyp and James next; maintain for the king 120 galloglass for 8 weeks of a year; will forego arrears of ramsom of Hug Nugent and others; will deliver Symonds wood [Kiltymon] castle to the justicar, and maintain120 foot kerne, and to stand by the decision of the deputy and the Archbishop of Dublin.

1539. Rotul Pat. Id 27, xxx Hy VIII.Stephen fitzArthur Lynch appointed receiver of the cocket duties of Galway, with ancient fees, the same as Tho Kirvan or any before him had held them.Id 33. John Goldsmith appointed searcher of the port of Galway.

12 September 1577. The Garrison and cheefe officers in paye attending the Lord Deputie.The Lorde Deputie [Sir Henrye Sydneye]; a Capten, a petty Capten, a Standard bearer, a Trumpeter, horse and foote.Sir Edward Fitton, knight, Vice Treasorer; horsemen and footmen.Sir Nicholas Bagenall, knight Marshall; a Trumpeter and horsemen.Jaques Wingfield Esq, Master of Ordnance; a petty capten, a gwidon bearer and horsemen.Owen More Esq, Clerke of ye Checker; a horseman.Captain Mackworthes band of footmen; a petty Capten, an Ensign bearer, a Sergeant, a Drummer,

a surgeon, and footmen.Captain Morgan Jones; a petty Capten, an Ensign bearer, a Serjent, a dromer, a surgeon, footmen.Sir William Drurye, knight, Lord President of Mounster; a petty Capten, a gwidon bearer,

a trumpeter, Horsemen and footmen.Nicholas Welshe, Chief Justice.Johe Meaghe, Second Justice.Tho Burgat, Clerke of the Counsell.Henry Davelles, Constable of Dungarvan; Horsemen, Footmen and Archers.Sir Nicholas Malbye, Colonel and Chief Commissioner of Connaught; a petty Capten, a gwydon

bearer, a trumpeter, a surgeon, Horsemen and footmen.Mr. Thomas Vaghan, Asst in Counsell to Sir Nicholas Malbye.Thomas Dillon [of Curraghboy, Roscommon] Chief Justice of ConnoughtEd White, Clerke of the Counsell of Connought

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Capten George Acres; a petty Capten, an Ensign bearer, a Sergeant, a dromer, a surgeon, footmenCapten Fishers footmen, appointed for the prosecution of the O Mores and O Conors.Colonel Henry Harrington, Lt of the fortes of Phillipstowne and Mariborough; a petty Capten,

a gwidon bearer, a trumpeter, a surgeon, and horsemen.Ed More Esq, Constable of Philipstowne.David Fluddye, porter of Phillipstowne.Francis Cosbye Esq, Constable of Marieboroughe, and Generall of her Majsties kerne.Anthony Wryght, porter of Mariborough.Capten Colliers band at Phillipstowne; a peticapten, an Ensign bearer, a Sergeant, a Dromer, a Fyfe,

a surgeon, and footmen.Capten Furres band at Mariborough; a peticapten, an Ensigne bearer, a Sergeant, a Dromer, a Fyfe,

a surgeon and footmen.John Burnishe at Dissarte; and horsemen.Tho Woore at Croughan; and footmen.Capten Tho Sackforde, of Knockfergus [Belfast] Seneschall of Clandeboye; a peticapten, an Ensign

bearer, a Sergeant, a Dromer, a Surgeon and footmen.Capten William Peerce, Constable of Knockfargus Castell.Mr Fraunces Agard at the new castell in Birnes country [Wicklow]; horsemen and kerne.Peter Carew, Constable of Laughlin; Horsemen and Footmen.Jo Cornewall, Constable of Newe forte at Blackwater; a Porter and footemen.Robt Harepole at Caterlaugh [Carlow]; footmen and archers, kerne of the sept of the Keatinges.Hercules Ranisfforde, Constabell of Dublin Castell; Footmen, Horsemen, Kerne.Sundrye Ministers of the Ordnance; Clarke of the ordnance, gonners and artificers,

the porter of Dublin Castell.Adam, archebisshopp of DublinHughe Bradye, lord bisshopp of MeitheThomas Cusacke of Gerardstowne, gent, Sherif of Methe.Capten George HarveyCapten George ThorntonCapten Gyles CornwallCapten Anthony DeringeCapten William PortasWilliam ApsleyGeorge HuntEdmond ByrnePeter CoryeRicard WingfieldRichard WoodWilliam ChadertonNicholas Perne [Pyne]Nicholas WhiteJohn HerneRichard BillieRichard VeldonWilliam Bunnie

1 March 1581. CSPI. 22 Eliz. Commission to raise 400 men out of the baronies of Slane, Skreen, Navan, Duleek, Lune and Morgallion [Meath] to attend the lord Deputy on occasion of any service against Terlagh Lynagh’s [O Neill] threatening conduct.

8 March 1581. sameExemption from contribution for Hugh O Duffy, husbandman, of eight acres in Tulloghasker, near Drogheda, in consideration of his having been spoiled by ye rebels. Barony of Kells [Meath] and half barony of Tower to be discharged of contribution on their undertaking to raise and maintain 30 shott, 30 kerne, and 24 horsemen. John Nugent of Loughcrew to have the leading of them.

26 July 1583. 25 Eliz. Cal Council Book p155.Decree or award of the Lord Justice in the controversy between Conor oge O Kelly and Teig mcWilliam O Kelly concerning the tainistship of the O Kellys, decreeing (after having perused the depositions of the ancient men of Imanny) that the said Connor oge O Kelly is the eldest and of right,

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ought to have the tainistship and to be chief of the O Kellys after the death of Hugh O Kelly, now The O Kelly, and to have the same passed to him by letters patent [Fiant] from the queene. [Teig mcWilliam O Kelly of Mullaghmore was recognised as King of Imanny on 8 Nov 1582, and answerable for all the O Kellys west of the Suck. He died and his son Hugh O Kelly, The O Kelly 39th Chief of his name, who only took English law in 1591, died in 1600 when the chieftainship then passed to his 2nd cousin Connor Oge O Kelly, son of Donogh Reagh O Kelly of Gallagh.]

8 Oct 1584. 25 Eliz.Recognizance of Oliver, Lord Louth, in £500, for the forthcoming of Ferdoragh mcShane McArdle and Torlagh McArdle, pledges for Turlogh mcHenry [O Neill], captain of The Fews [Armagh. The O Neill] also of Coley McEver [Coll mcEmher MacMahon] captain of Ferney [Farney, Monaghan].

22 June 1585. Composition Book of Connaght.An order of the Lord Deputy and Council to record a composicion of the principal Irish who are to surrender their land and customes and be granted English law, and further that all collectors and farmers of the impost of Galway and the composiciona throughout Connaght and Clare do henceforth pay their collections to Sir Henry Bingham, Chief Governor of Connought.....Macks and Oes in ye baronye of Longford in Silamchy number 41 of yer former and 26 of ye latter; who surrendered their barbarous Irishe names and customes of inheritance and received their castles and lands by patent, to them and theirs, in English succession..... the followynge.... Byrne, Concannon, Dowde, Flanegane, Flynn, Griffen, Harte, Hanley, Laughlin, Lorkan, Madden, Mulryan, Naughton, Neylon, Murrye and Mannion.

27 Feb 1588/9. xxx Eliz.To Richard Bennette of Rosse, Paid unto him for his good service done being authorized by the Lord Chauncelour of this Realme for the apprehension of one Sir Dennys O Roughan;a vagrante and papisticall preest that ranged upp and downe the countrye, especially in the counties of Typperarie, Kilkennye and Waterforde, seducing hir Majestes leige people from the true religion, and their due obedyance to superstition and idolatrye; brought to the castell of Dublynn and there comytted as prisoner. And thereupon was gyven him in reward owt of Ecclesiasticall Fynes of yIrishe £8-17-9. Signed by Sir William FitzWilliam, Knight, Lord Deputy and Councell.

13 May 1590.Richard Chichester, gent, had for horse hire etc, £40 iryshe when sent over to England with Sir Dennys O Rowghane, Thadye Noland and Malachias O Molonye of Connaghte, and Bryen m’Farrall Oge O Relye a notable trayter and rebel who hath committed prayes, spoils and hurts uppon hir Maj subjects in Breny, Co. Longford.

10 June 1589. Documents on Irish law and Custom in Chancery Decree Rolls.Cosny mcDonnell O Moloye playntiff; grandson of Fargananim O Moloye of Farcall, against [his uncles and cousins] Conn, Hugh and Keane mcFirr O Moloye and Royrye, Brene and Callogh sons of Breane mcFirr O Moloye; who expelled him from his inheritance of the towne of Derrycalny [Ballyboy, Offaly]. [His grandfather was Ferganim mcDonall O Molloy of Athboy, Ballyboy, who had a grant of English liberty in 1558. His writ mentions all the sons of his grandfather as... Cahir, Teige, Lychagh, John, Kedough, Art, Conn, Theobalde and Neyle who had no children, Breane, Hugh and Keane. and of course his father was Donell]

28 July 1592. xxxiiii Eliz. CSPI p875.Memoriall of sundrye thinges commanded by her majestye to be well considered by ye Lord Deputy,

the Chauncellor and chieffe justice and others of the councell....4. Better arrangements for the composicion of Conought.5. Abuses in Pensions to be corrected.6. Pardons to be restrained.7. Sheriffs not to hold office continuously; their pardons to be restricted and executing martial law

without a warrant not to be pardoned.8. Rents of forfeited lands to be revised.

Tudor Fiants.1525. xvii Henry VIII.

Grant to Robert Cowley of Dublin, merchant, the lastage of wines, commonly called the fees of the towne of Galweye, being 2 shillings sterling money for every last [twelve dozen] of jides in every ship within the port of Galwey and the bays and creeks thereof, for a term of 30 years, theretofore held by Stephen Lynch fitsDominick.

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19 Sept 1560. 2 Eliz. Warrants issued by the Lord Lt and Councel. Rewards to Ireishmen for service.Tyrrillaugh O Neyle, sonne to the late Erle of Tyrone, and Bryen mcHenry mcShane O Neyle £33-6-8

16 Aug 1561.Phelim Roe O Neyle, per warrented. 20 shillings.

2 Sept 1561.Owen Roe and Richard McSwillan, 30 shillings. Con mcHenery [O Neill] hired for a guide at 9d per day for a yeare, £13-13-0.

1562 4 Eliz. Pensions goeing out of religious howses.Hewgh Odemsie late abbote of Monasterevin, for a yeare’s pension ending at Easter. £15.Thomas Byrminghame late pryor of Ballibogan for halfe yeares fee ending at Easter 50 shillings.

12 May 1576. 17 Eliz. 2989 (2713)Grant to Melaghlin O Malle of the escheatorship of the barony of Owalle I Malle with the usual perquisites and powers.

1578. xx Eliz (3263)Hobbertus McKarruna [Hugh, The MacCarron] (who in 1534 mortgaged his family estate to Dom Jacobus Dillon, prior of Killekannia) of Killenefaghna, Co Westmeath, was made Chief Serjeant of his nation, with posession of the lands which of old belonged to ye cheefe of the nation of MacCarron. [James Dillon, last prior of the Crouched Friars of the Hospital of St. John at Kilkenny west baront Co Westmeath. He surrendered his home to Henry VIII in 1544 for a yearly pension of £10.]

9 May 1581. xxiii Eliz. 3712 (2933)Pardon to Maurice Roche of Cahedowgan Co. Cork, Esq, son and heir of David Roche, lord of Ardmoye; and John M’Donogh of Balliannaghan, Co, Cork, horseman, who had been promised a pardon by Sir William Pelham, late Lord Justice.

8 June 1581. xxiii Eliz. 3714 (3090)Grant to Daniel Brian, gent, of the office of Marshall or Usher of the Court of Castle Chamber; to hold during pleasure with a fee of £13-6-8, and such other fee as Wm Kendall or Wm Major had. Executor, Ed Spenser, secretary of the Deputy Clerk in Chancery.

14 Sept 1581. xxiii Eliz. 3759 (3133)Lease (under commission 15 July xxii Eliz) to John Zouche or Zowch Esq., of the site of the abbey of Odorney alias our lady of Kirielison, Co. Kerry, the lands of Cloncan Coirke, Drominyconnigenie, Aykerie and Balliusane, Boherran, Lackimore, Lackibegge and Clonynetaugh and Ballibrowman Co. Kerry; the rectory of Odorney etc... to hold for 21 years. Rent £8-13-0. maintaining two English horsemen.

4 July 1582. xxxiv Eliz. 3923 (3285)Pardon to William m’Edmond Beg, of Castleton and Wm m’Teig M’Donyll of Ballyhenny, and Donnogh gankeigh M’Dermot of Ilynehenny co. Cork, gentlemen. Phillip fitzWm fitzDavye M’Gibbons of Ballyntyre; Edm oge Power of Kylmacnichols; David fitzJohn of Kildabally; John oge M’Shane more of Knockmoan; and Wm Brenagh alias Walsh of Kilmacnicholas, gentlemen. Donal O Cortty of said co,. husbandman; and Tho O Duolly of Ardmore co. Waterford. At the suit of John Zowch.

26 Aug 1582. xxiv Eliz. 3993 (3245)Pardon to Patr Furlong, John Furlong, kern; John Stafford of the Island, clerk; Phillip Carraugh Roch, horseman; Adam Hod [Hood] of Banno, clerk; Patrick Roch fitzRobert, horseman; Donogh m’Morishe more O Morro [Murphy] kerne; Arthur fitzHenry, horseman and Edmond Roch, kern. Excluding also any who have received pardon or have committed any offence worthy of death, in the time of the present Deputy.

20 Jan 1582/3. xxv Eliz. 4107 (3607)Pardons to Teige O Hogayne of Baughillan; Wm Costyn of Ballycurnayn; Gerald M’Robertson of Ballym’cody; Richard M’Gerod of Ballemikery; Maurice oge of Ballyntample; John Ohea alias Swysonda, tory of Ballynulloy; John Brehnagh alias Walshe of Ballynoyke; Richard Roan of Cloyn; John fitzJames of same; Tho fitzEdmond of Ballynoorlea; Nich Stanton of Kildonoghboy; Mathew O Kissayn of the Spittell; Donogho O Kissayne of Rostiellayne; Maurice O Downy of Ballymaccaurike; Maurice O Glavyn of same; Thomas O Downy of same; and Peter M’Cottir of Corckbege. At the suit of John FitzEdmonde.

20 Aug 1595. 37 Eliz. 5948 (4812)Commission of enquiry into the lands held by Owen Omally; Dermod O Mally; Donell O Malley and others in the barony of Bouressoule Co Mayo.

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Extracts from some Papers in Private keeping, which are entered in the State Papers are...

15 Feb 1551. 5 Edw VI. Dillon Papers. AH 20.Mortgage by Miler mcTeabot of Mylach [Menlough, Galway] to Christina fitzOliver Lynche, widow, and Edmonde Kyrwan of Galway ( with consent of Evelin ny Kevyllere, wife, and Theobald and Richard, sons of the said Edmund) for six marks, of the fourth part of the lands called querngarretrat between the lands of Colkyn and Garrandarch. To hold for six years, retaining the produce in the year of redemption. Attested by Nicholas Molgan, natarie public. Witnessed by Sir Patrick Kyrwan, priest; David Lyrwan; Julianan Lynche fitzStephen; Margaret

Lynch; Christian Mares; and others.11 Jan 1577. 19 Eliz.

Conveyance by Dermot alias Dorbe O Coffie of Amorestown, Co. Westmeath, gent; to Edward Nugent of le Dysarte Co. Westmeath, gent., of a cartron and a half in the town and lands of le Corre, Co. Westmeath. Witnesses; Henry Dalltun of Dondonell; Donoagh oge O Molan, Richard Coffe, Robt Nugent

4 Feb 1588/9. 31 Eliz.Conveyance by Mellaghlen O Kelly of Clonbrocke, Co. Galway, gent, to Thomas Dyllon of Curraghboy, Co. Roscommon, Esq [Chief Justice of Connaught] of a moiety of a carucate or quarter commonly called Lekiarrow Quremongey [Lecarrow] in Clogher, Galway.Attorney. Richard Barnewall of Curraghboy.Witnesses; John Spensfield, Hugh Massey, Shayne mcRowry McShene, Gerralde Dyllone, Thomas

Dyllon, Stephen Skeret, and Gylleduffe mcRedmond O Leyne.12 March 1605. 2 Jas I.

Grant (as provided for in the Composcision of Conought 4 June 1586) by Hugh O Conor Roe alias The O Connor Roe, Chief of his name, to Donogh O Birne of the Downe, Co. Roscommon, gent;, of “immunity from all cowstoms sutes and demaunded whatsoevr due to me or my ancestors” out of five quarters of his lands in O birnes countrie.Signed. Hugh mcTirlagh ro oConrWitnesses; Melaughlaun O Lern, By Browne, Donellan O Higin, Hugh maGanly

The Annals of Dudley Loftus 1142-1629 (Master of Chancery 1650) are a curious record collection based on a number of records he had access to. They include the Annals of Friar Clin 1087-1347; Historical Records of Ireland 1261-1621; and Thomas Doulyn’s Annals of Ulster 1369-1536. The latter records...

1536 This year the Religious houses and monasteries of Ireland were granted to the king [Henry VIII] by authority of Parliament, to the number of 370, the yearly value whereof amounted to £32,000. and there moveables were rated at £100,000. and as to those religious who voluntarily surrendered there abbeys and monasteries, there were pensions granted during their lifes. [see Fiants 1562, and note in Fiants 1578]

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