daTo barbaqaZe

Sedegebi

tomi III

merwyuli

daTo barbaqaZe

Sedegebi

tomi IIItomi IIItomi IIItomi IIItomi III

mravaltomeulis calkeul wignTapirveli - eleqtronuli - gamocema

saxelwodebiT Sedegebiganxorcielda 2012 wels.

gamomcemloba merwyuliTbilisi 2014

ISBN: 978-9941-0-7004-4 (mesame tomis)

ISBN: 978-9941-0-7001-3 (yvela tomis)

daTo barbaqaZedaTo barbaqaZedaTo barbaqaZedaTo barbaqaZedaTo barbaqaZe

Teoriuli proza 1990-2010Teoriuli proza 1990-2010Teoriuli proza 1990-2010Teoriuli proza 1990-2010Teoriuli proza 1990-2010

5

erTgvari winasityva

1.

Tvals Tu gadaavlebT qarTul literaturul presaSi gamoq-veynebuli interviuebis im monakveTebs, romlebSic poetebs daprozaikosebs maTi gavlenis wyaroebze da uSualo literaturulimpulsebze ekiTxebian, ar gamogeparebaT erTi usiamovno gare-moeba: ra saxelebs da kontinentebs ar SexvdebiT respodentTapasuxebSi, homerosiT dawyebuls da Tanamedrove sazRvargareTu-li bestselerebis avtorebiT da maTi qveynebiT damTavrebuls,oRond ki gulwrfel pasuxs Tavi aaridon. erTnairad iqcevapopularobis JiniT atanili da bevr uxeSobaze wamsvleli ocdaxu-Ti wlis titanic da samocdaaTi wlis lokaluri klasikosic. ufrosaintereso is aris, rom am dros, rogorc wesi, Jurnalistma kargadicis msgavsi SekiTxvis mimarT respodentis winaswari mzaoba dapasuxis SesaZlo veqtorebi, rac situacias kidev ufro gulisam-revs xdis.

saerTod, farul teritoriebze gatanili konkurenciis mTelmzakvrobas Tu yuradRebas ar mivaqcevT, Zalian saxalisod da sa-sacilodac ki gamosCans qarTuli mwerlobisTvis damaxasiaTebeliagresiuli infantilizmi. raRac iseTi xdeba, gaqeqil xelosans xe-lobis fass rom ekiTxebi, is ki sanacvlod jiqur saqmis dawyebascdilobs da damaimedeblad STagagonebs, movrigdebiT, movrig-debiTo, Tanac amas ise akeTebs, rom klientis inteleqts angariSsar uwevs da maSinve, roca winaaRmdegobas awydeba, Tavs Seuracx-yofilad grZnobs. Cvens samwerlo cxovrebaSi, vfiqrob, garkveu-li da gamWvirvale komunikaciebi aravis awyobs, yvelas arazustida literaturulad gaurkveveli atmosfero sWirdeba. foni ki er-TmaneTis isteriuli da sasowarkveTili qeba-dideba an angariSswo-rebebia anu – iseTi keTilSobileba, romlisac me ar mjera da amas,ubralod, CarCobis xelovnebas vuwodeb. vaWrobisac ki – ara, ub-ralod – CarCobis. gasagebia, rom yvela ise CaliCobs, rogorc Se-uZlia.

erTi wuTiT warmoidgineT, sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi,magaliTad fizikaSi, iseTive viTarebis Seqmna rom SeiZlebodes,rogoric qarTul mwerlobaSia gabatonebuli. vTqvaT, romeliRac

6

fizikosi wlobiT muSaobs raRac problemaze, miRebul Sedegebsda formulebs statiaSi ayalibebs, mere am statias samecniero Jur-nalSi gzavnis, Jurnali ki samecniero sazogadoebas mis mier miRe-bul Sedegebs acnobs. Tu es fizikosic fiqrobs da samecniero sa-zogadoebac aRiarebs, rom mis mier miRebuli Sedegebi mniSvne-lovania, ras moelis fizikosi samecniero sazogadoebisgan? qar-Tuli logika, romelic konteqstis grZnobasac da codnasac mok-lebulia, ase unda JRerdes: "hqmen sikeTe, qvaze dade, gaiare, windagxvdeba", an - ase: "sanTel-sakmeveli Tavis gzas ar dahkargavs".anu, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli logika fizikosis fiqrebisnebismier gadaxras gasagebi adamianuri ocnebisken, rom misi uZiloRameebis nayofi dafasdes, maSinve ampartavnebad da qedmaRlobadgamoacxadebs da aseT meocnebes yvela arsebuli Tu ararsebulimoraluri da religiuri mcnebis dacvisken mouwodebs. rac fizikisSemTxvevaSi anomaliad gamoiyureba, qarTul mwerlobaSi normaa.arada, teqnikur mecnierebaSic, humanitarul mecnierebaSic da xe-lovnebaSic Sedegi Sedegia da roca aseTi Sedegis analizi ar xdeba,saaTis isrebi mimarTulebas icvlian.

literaturis istoria Sedegebis istoriaa. Sedegebis mimarTagdebuli damokidebuleba an maTi ignorireba mwerlobaSi ufroiolic aris da sulier cxovrebaSi ufro met qaossac warmoSobs,vidre – fizikaSi an maTematikaSi (miTumetes – saqarTveloSi, sad-ac ukiduresad politizebul saxelovnebo cxovrebaSi ganusazRv-relobebisa da gaurkvevlobebis gaxangrZlivebis mosurve mokal-meTa xmauriani umravlesoba yovelTvis aris saxelmwifos mxridanpirdapiri an iribi mxardaWeris imedad). saliteraturo kritikiserTi mTavari funqcia ki sxva araferia, Tu ara – axali Sedegebisdafiqsireba da Sefaseba, ganurCevlad imisa, SenTvis sasurvelimwerali Rebulobs am Sedegebs Tu – SenTvis arasasurveli mwerali(SoTa CantlaZis mier miRebuli Sedegebi rom Tavis droze Sefase-buliyo da dafasebuliyo, gasuli saukunis samocdaaTian wlebispoeziaSi im klounadas ar miviRebdiT, romelic dRemde grZelde-ba. es ki, erTi mxriv, swored kritikis ararsebobis gamo moxda, xo-lo meore mxriv – "verlibristebis" kognitur ZalebSi da pirovnulkulturaSi arsebuli seriozuli xarvezebis gamo, rasac aseTi da-bejiTebiT ver vityodi TxuTmeti Tu oci wlis win, axla ki amaSieWvi ar mepareba. xolo saRi azris ararsebobis gamo is moxda, romaravis gauanalizebia, Tu ras iwonis is danakargi, romelic am da

7

bevri sxva klounadis, arafrismomcemi diskusiis, urTierTobebSimozeime farisevlobis, sakuTari wignebis gamocemisa da gapiare-bisTvis, binebisa da bevri sxva sargeblis misaRebad daxarjulisamaTxovro fusfusis Sedegad, morig Taobebs usaCuqres Cvenmametad Tu naklebad saxelovanma mokalmeebma).

2.

CvenSi kritikosis ambiciiT gamosul mokalmeTa simpaTia-anti-paTiebi rigiTi mkiTxvelis an literaturis Jurnalistis inten-ciebs ar scildeba. maSin, roca rigiTi mkiTxveli Tavisi emociebiTda kognituri SesaZleblobebiT sakuTar sulier samyaroSi rCeba,mokalmeebi TavianTi ukuRmarTobiT, an arcodniT, an emociebs ay-oliT da piradi interesebis karnaxiT da Segnebuli manipulacie-biT, ubralod, mavnebloben. da es yvelaferi, saboloo jamSi, yve-las erTad gvtovebs yovlad ukulturo garemoSi. realoba, rome-lic qarTul mwerlobaSia Seqmnili, marto kritikis ararsebobazeki ar metyvelebs, saerTod Cveni ararsebobis tolfasia. TviTkast-raciac aseTi unda: fizikurad awmyoSi arsebobde da cnobierebisdoniT qvis xanaSi imyofebode. dResdReobiT angaJirebul, popu-larul an scenaze aqtiurad moZrav mwerlebs Soris erTi maincrom fiqrobdes, xolo am aqtiuri nakadidan met-naklebad ganzemdgom inteleqtualTa Soris mxolod umciresoba rom ar xedavdesam mimarTulebiT moqmedebis aucileblobas, maSin Cvens mwerlo-baSi sulieri atmosferoc dadebiTad Seicvleboda da saazrovnosivrcesa da literaturuli urTierTobebis kulturasac bevradukeTesi saxe eqneboda.

sxvaTaSoris, es realoba imaTTvisac sikvdilis ganaCenia, vincam sakiTxebSi Caxedulia, magram dums (an orazrovnebs) imitom, rommasze uaresebs Soris odnav ukeTesis statusis SenarCuneba surs.

3.

literaturuli kulturis dabali xarisxis erT-erT utyuarmaCveneblad yovelTvis iTvleboda, iTvleba da CaiTvleba gabato-nebul RirebulebebTan xelovnebis daaxloeba, xSir SemTxvevaSiki – gavlenis dominanturi centrebis winaSe sruli kapitulacia.sxva sityvebiT rom vTqva, klasikuri wyobis Semoqmedic da Taname-

8

drove poeti-artistic yovelTvis sakuTar TamaSs TamaSobs da Turames seriozulad uwevs angariSs, raTa konteqstidan ar amovar-des, es xelovnebis tradicia da Tanamedroveobaa da ara – politikaan masobrivi cnobiereba da patiosan rigiT moqalaqeTa erToba,romelic yovelTvis iyo da iqneba politikuri manipulaciebis co-cxali asparezi. poeti Tavis Tavs aseT sazogadoebaze maRla ki arayenebs, mxolod mis miRma aRmoCndeba; misi TamaSi, ubralod, sxvaTamaSia, misi cxovreba sxva cxovrebaa da amis danaxva gansakuTre-bul kulturas moiTxovs.

saliteraturo kritika sazogadoebas swored aseTi kulturisgamomuSavebaSi exmareba. sityvasityviT rom gavimeoro eliotisazri, kritika permanentulad aregulirebs mkiTxvelis gemovnebasda mis aRzrdaze zrunavs. oRond es literaturaSi moraluri inst-rumentaris Semotanas ar gulisxmobs, piriqiT, es aris moraluricnobierebis agresiisgan literaturis saimedod dacva.

axalma kritikam swored gasuli saukunis didi avangardulimoZraobis paralelurad daakanona, rom kritikis erT-erTi umTav-resi amocana mkiTxvelis gemovnebis aRzrdaa, es ki marTlac bev-rismTqmelia. eliotTan "gemovnebis aRzrda" pedagogiuri an mo-ralisturi ki ara, filosofiuri terminologiis arsenalidanmkvidrdeba. maSin, roca gemovnebis aRzrdis koncepti TiTqos kar-gi da cudi kritikis dixotomias unda gvkarnaxobdes, axal krit-ikaSi is sasargeblo da usargeblo, nayofieri da unayofo kritike-bis dixotomiad Semoiqca. saerTod, moraluridan praqtikuliskenda funqcionalurisken es Semobruneba ganmsazRvreli aRmoCndamTeli Semdgomi saliteraturo cxovrebisTvis, vidre postmod-ernul-xalxosnur moZraobamde (Tumca, unda aRvniSno, rom xel-ovnebis filosofiaSi Cemi biblia, Sileris "werilebi adamianisesTetikuri aRzrdis Sesaxeb", uRrmes doneze am Temis damuSavebisiseT filosofiur gamocdilebas Seicavs, romlis masStabebs at-omis saukuneSi Seqmnili esTetikuri Teoriebic ki moklebulia).

4.

mxatvruli nawarmoebis Seqmnis procesi, cxadia, literaturaar gaxlavT. literaturul faqtad mas literaturul sistemaSimonawileobis procesi aqcevs, rac teqstis arsebobis sxva etapia.magram teqstma rom literaturul procesSi miiRos monawileoba,

9

literaturuli procesi unda arsebobdes. aseTi procesi saqarT-veloSi jerjerobiT ar arsebobs, aris mxolod garkveuli Canasaxi,erTgvari winare-literaturuli mdgomareoba.

negatiuri definiciis princips Tu movuxmobT, SeiZleba iTq-vas, rom Cveni samwerlo cxovreba jerjerobiT literaturuliprocesebis aRsawerad miRebul sabaziso niSanTa indeqsaciasacki ar eqvemdebareba, rac mwerlebisa da mkiTxvelebis qcevis wesze,Taobebs Soris an erTi Taobis SigniT mimdinare fsiqologiur pro-cesebze da moralze mkafiod aisaxeba. sxva sakiTxia, xdeba Tu araam fsiqologiuri maCveneblebis Tematizeba (me vfiqrob, rom arxdeba).

piradi gamocdileba: roca 2007 wlidan Cemi Semoqmedeba qar-Tuli saprezentacio sivrcidan amovrTe, amiT, bevr sxva ukeTuro-basTan erTad, Cvens literaturul urTierTobebSi gabatonebulidabali kulturis siWarbesac davupirispirdi. raRac momentSi mi-vxvdi, rom Cemgan uzneoba iqneboda qarTul konteqstSi ise mona-wileobis gagrZeleba, TiTqos araferi momxdara imiT, rom sajaropresaSi araerTxel miayenes Seuracxyofa Cems Semoqmedebas, Cemipoezia uazrobad gamoacxades, mere Cemi Semoqmedebis daknine-bisTvis mTeli moZraoba gaaCaRes, da amaze arc erT im adamians,romelsac xmis amosaRebad sakmarisi safuZveli hqonda, xma ar am-ouRia (me vgulisxmob Seuracxyofaze relevantur pasuxs da arasaqarTveloSi tradiciulad gavrcelebul folklorul amoZaxi-lebs an Cemdami kerZo saubrebSi dafiqsirebul Tanadgomebs).ufro metic, Cemi Semoqmedebis SeuracxmyoflebTan harmoniuliurTierToba gaagrZeles da sakuTari sindisis gasaTeTrebladmsgavsi koliziebis Cafarcxvis sabWour ileTebs mimarTes. me Ta-nadgoma aravisgan arasdros miTxovia. xmis amoReba CemTvis ki ara,imaTTvisve iyo saWiro, vinc ganze gadga an daimala, mere ki CemiSeuracxmyoflebis mxridan maT mimarT aRvlenili odebi an patar-patara saCuqrebi Seifera anu maT eSmakur mosyidvebs daTanxmdada gaitruna (am fonze gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia CemTvis Cemi Semoq-medebisa da pirovnebis mimarT yvela im avtorisa da mkiTxvelissiyvaruli, romelic Cemi diskreditaciisTvis gaCaRebulma mdabi-oTa moZraobam ver gaacura).

magram es yvelaferi mainc meorexarisxovania (da arc me varerTaderTi, visac Seuracxyofen). arsebiTi is aris, rom qarTulsamwerlo garemoSi urTierTobebis, qcevebis, warmatebisTvis

10

brZolis, mkiTxvelis yuradRebis velSi moxvedris sabWouriwesebia SenarCunebuli da gadamwyveti umravlesoba am yalibSiTavs komfortulad grZnobs.

5.

Zvirfaso batono ***, guSin erTma Cemma megobarma macnobaTqveni blogis Sesaxeb, sadac sxva qarTvel mwerlebTan erTad Cemipoeturi teqstebic aris Tavmoyrili. blogi ara mxolod xelov-nebis, aramed saerTod poeturi sawyisis mimarT imdenad didi siy-varuliT aris gakeTebuli, rom rogorRac merideba TqvenTvis CemisaTxovris gaziareba, magram mainc darwmunebuli var, rom umadu-robaSi ar CamomerTmeva es Cemi Txovna. saqme is gaxlavT, rom meukve didi xania uari vTqvi qarTul sivrceSi Cemi teqstebis prez-entaciaze da es Tanabrad exeba rogorc beWdur gamocemebs, ise -internets. garda amisa, internetSi xelovnebis prezentaciasTandakavSirebiT Cemi uryevi pozicia maqvs da am poziciis Tanmimdev-ruli dacva moiTxovs, Cems teqstebzec vrceldebodes Cemi pozi-cia. swored amitom ar vaqveyneb arafers internetSi. meore mxriv,me arc qarTul da arc ucxour internetforumebs arasdros vstu-mrob, saerTodac, internetSexvedrebisTvis dro ar mrCeba daamitom mxolod SemTxveviT Tu vgebulob, rom Cemi esa Tu is teqstimoxvedrila romelime forumSi an blogze. cxadia, uazroba iqnebo-da, Cems daukiTxavad Cemi teqstebis gamoqveynebis moyvarulebsvdio, magram roca es SesaZlebelia, aucileblad vukavSirdebi daTxovniT mivmarTav, rom moxsnan Cemi teqstebi. Tqvenc amave Txo-vniT minda mogmarToT, miTumetes, rom rogorc CemTvis ukve cno-bilia, Tqven saavtoro uflebebis ugulebelmyofelTa laSqarsar ganekuTvnebiT da cdilobT, yvela avtors Tavad daukavSirdeTmaTi teqstebis gamosaqveyneblad uflebis mosapoveblad. ra Tqmaunda, es ar exeba Cems Sesaxeb informaciebs, aramed mxolod CemsSemoqmedebas. rom ara Cemi subieqturi kulturuli politika, rom-lis erT-erTi (da ara erTaderTi) Semadgeneli nawilic aris inter-netis Tanamedrove superdemokratiul sivrceSi Cemi nawarmoe-bebis gamoqveynebaze uaris Tqma, am TxovniT ar SegawuxebdiT damxolod madlobas gadagixdidiT. Tu fiqrobT, rom Tqveni blogi-dan Cemi teqstebis gaqroba uxerxulobas gamoiwvevs, SegiZliaTCemi es saTxovari gamoaqveynoT im adgilas, sadac Cemi leqsebi ga-

11

qreba. bodiSs mogixdiT, rom Cemi poziciis Sinaarsi ar gagiziareT.erT detals ki aRvniSnav: Cemi sayvareli moWadrake bobi fiSeri,yvelaferTan erTad, imitom aris udidesi moWadrake, rom misi ke-TilSobileba gamoricxavda im samyarosTvis koWis gorebas, rom-elSic mas mouxda cxovreba. swored amitom uTxra man sazogadoe-bas, - me Tqven giCvenebT, krivi ufro mniSvnelovania Tu Wadrakio,da gaitana kidec Tavisi (spaski mas Wadrakis profkavSirs eZaxda).magram es exeboda amerikul da ara Cvens qarTul "sazogadoebas",sadac Tundac Cemi es magaliTi kargi sababi iqneba nebismieri jurisyeyeCisTvis, rom realur problemebs Tvali kidev erTxel dau-xuWon da Tema fiSerTan gatolebis survilSi Cemi dadanaSaulebiTamowuron. poeturi superdemokratia saqarTveloSi swored imangamoiwvia, rom aq krivi poeziaze (da, saerTodac, yvelaferze) mni-Svnelovania. da es, pirvel rigSi, moleqseebis da avantiuristebiswisqvilze asxams wyals da ara imaT wisqvilze, vinc poetur sawyisspativs scems da adamianis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mis mniSvnelo-bas kargad xedavs.

pativiscemiT da saukeTeso survilebiT,Tqveni daTo barbaqaZe24.06.2009

6.

iq, sadac maRali literaturuli kultura arsebobs, mwerlebiTavianTi teqstebiT bevri mkiTxvelis dainteresebaze ki ara, mki-TxvelebSi weris, SemoqmedebiTi impulsis gaRvivebaze zrunaven.sxva yvelaferi, piradad CemTvis, sportia da meti araferi, sportiki imis sportia, rom mayurebeli unda gyavdes, romlis Tvalwinacmeore sportsmens ajobeb an damarcxdebi.

saerTod, poeziac da filosofiac fufunebaa; SeiZleba, po-ezia filosofiaze didi fufunebac ki iyos. miuxedavad urTulesiSromisa, romelic Tan axlavs leqsis weras da romelSic fsiqopro-duqciebis marTvis kultura da kognituri gamocdilebebis gada-muSavebis kultura TiTqmis Tanabar Rirebulebas iZens, mxolodleqsis wera, mxolod leqsebze muSaoba, mxolod poeziaSi muSaobadiaxac fufunebaa.

me vici, rom bevri poeti ocnebobs iseTi mdgomareobis mopo-vebaze, roca mas mxolod poeziaSi muSaobis SesaZlebloba miecema

12

(me vicnob ramdenime aseT Zlier evropel avtors). piradad CemTvises umaRlesi netareba iqneboda. miTumetes, rom, didi xania, Cem-Tvis samyaro poeziad da poeziis naklebobad aris gayofili. magrammxolod leqsis wera marTlac aris iseTi fufuneba, rogoric, sulmcire, finansurad uzrunvelyofil cxovrebas moiTxovs.

amaswinaT erTi filosofosis bolodroindel esses vkiTxul-obdi da kidev erTxel gavimeore gulSi is, raSic didi xania eWvi armepareba: yvela didi teqsti, pirvel rigSi ki poeturi teqsti (maTSoris Tundac poststruqturalistebis esseistikis erTi nawili,epikuri lirikis es dRemde arnaxuli saxeoba, filosofiuri kon-ceptebiT da samecniero terminologiebs Soris intimuri urTier-Tobebis damyarebis genialuri unariT Seqmnili lirika), garkveuliazriT, bolovadi, amowuruli teqstia, romlis umaRlesi moralicmasze werisa da masze samecniero refleqsiebisken ki ara, sakuTaripoeturi xmis gaZlierebisken unda gibiZgebdes. me vfiqrob, aseTiayvela didi teqsti, romelsac dResdReobiT – post-postmodern-ul epoqaSi – qmnis kultura. ubralod, ver warmomidgenia (miuxed-avad imisa, rom faqtobrivi realoba jer kidev sapirispirosmetyvelebs) filosofiaSi Tavisufali sindisiT, yofiTi Tuakademiuri gegmebisgan damoukidebeli, Sinagani xmis ZaxiliTdawerili sadoqtoro Sromebi ukve Tundac Selingze da platonze.aRarafers vambob Tanamedrove poeziaze an, vTqvaT, Tanamedrovefilosofiur esseistikaze da iseT filosofiur romanebze, ro-gorebic haidegeris "yofiereba da dro", gadameris "WeSmaritebada meTodi", baSlaris pentalogia da uricxvi sxva filosofosisteqstebia. am yvelaferze mTeli seriozulobiT tradiciuli ya-idis disertaciebis wera xom, sul mcire, saSinlad mosawyenia (Tuis weriTi kulturis gamomuSavebis mizniT warmoebuli axalgazr-duli varjiSi an biografiuli proza ar aris, rac, esec unda iTqvas,zogjer emTxveva akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad CatarebulsamuSaos).

arasdros damaviwydeba, rogori ironiuli mimteveblobiT la-parakobda eqvsi-Svidi wlis win hans magnus encensbergeri, romel-ze filosofosebis da kulturis Teoretikosebis mier dawerilidisertaciebic asobiT kilograms iwonis (da romelic Tavad arismSvenieri sadoqtoro disertaciis avtori!), - Tu kargi leqsi ramesar unda aRZravdes mkiTxvelSi, pirvel rigSi – poetze disertaci-is weris moTxovnilebas, magram mecnierebsac unda gavugoT, isinixom purs amiT Wameno.

13

7.

unda vaRiaro, rom bolo aTwleulis saqarTvelos publicis-tur (aseve – mxatvrul) azrs cudad vicnob, magram SemTxvevidanSemTxvevamde Cems xelT moxvedrili teqstebis gadamwyveti um-ravlesoba, romelSic qarTuli yofis, eklesiis, saxelmwifos, CveniSoreuli Tu uaxlesi istoriis da sxva naTesauri sakiTxebi "axle-burad" aris problematizebuli, standartuli liberaluri saaz-rovno tradiciis saxesxvaobebia da metic araferi. am mimarTule-bis qarTuli masala, rogorc Cans, msgavsi standartuli kliSeebiTqarTuli konteqstis „gadaweras" emsaxureba da aucileblad demo-kratiul faseulobebze sworebis suliskveTebiT aris gaJRenTi-li. aseTi teqstebis avtorebs naivurobaSi brals namdvilad verdavdeb, rasac maTi eSmakobac midasturebs: maTi ideologiuri ba-zis siRaribe yovelTvis postmodernuli ritorikiT da magiur-konceptualuri sityvaTSeTanxmebebiT aris gasaidumloebuli.mokled, maT xelSi yvelaferi momxmarebluri da gamomyeneblurifilosofiis nawilad gadaqceula.

aris ufro usiamovno saerTo niSanic: TiTqos, yvela es teqstiinstitucionaluri an samoxeleo poziciebidan aris dawerili dasaSinlad usicocxloa; TiTqos, am teqstebidan saxelmwifo apara-tis momavali ideologi an vinme aseTi gelaparakeba. me msgavsi ana-litika sabWoTa marqsistul-leninuri ideologiis meore mxaredwarmomidgenia. dRes mTeli mondomebiT cdiloben, Zveli ideolo-giis adgili axali, liberalur-demokratiuli ideologiiT amoav-son. miCndeba gancda, rom dRes saxelmwifo ase muSaobs, libe-ralizmis sofistikiT gamarTlebul Tavis konformizms karierismkeTebeli da Tbili momavlis misaRebad mofusfuse publiciste-bis xeliT SeniRbuls gvawvdis (amaSi arc axali da arc mxolod Cve-ni Raribi qveynisTvis damaxasiaTebeli araferia). samwuxaro isaris, rom msgavsi wyobis analitikosebi, rogorc wesi, an ukve arianan momavalSi aucileblad xdebian xolme usaxo saxelmwifo manqa-nis adeptebi da Tavisufal, aranormirebul azrs da SemoqmedebiTenergias, nonkonformistul dinebebs mere yvela xelmisawvdomiiaraRiT blokaven, TavianT saqciels ki saxelmwifo azrovnebisaucileblobis miTologiiT amarTleben (sabWoTa kavSirSi „anali-tikur" aqtivistebs analogiuri funqciebiT kompartiis ceka dakomkavSiris ceka anawilebdnen). Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, kulturis

14

gaZlierebisTvis sakvanZo strategiul adgilebze gamagrebularaprofesionalebTan da wera-kiTxvis ucodinar arsebebTan er-Tad, aseT moxeleTa mavneblobis lomis wilia imaSi, rom saqarTve-loSi adamianebi, romlebic TavianTi individualuri aqtivobiTZlier, generaciuli funqciebiT aRWurvil kulturul kodebsqmnian, saxelmwifos mier gladiatorebad aRiqmebian, romelTabrZolasac es saxelmwifo demoralizebuli xalisiT adevnebsTvals, meore mxriv ki, maTi gamocdilebis gamoyenebas (ukeT, miT-visebas da am individualur ZalisxmevaTa ganiaraRebas) mxolodmaTi analogebis SeqmniT cdilobs, rac saxelmwifos iZulebulsxdis, daufaravad dauWiros mxari meoreuls da ara pirvelads, Ta-RliTs da ara patiosan mSromels, diletants da ara profesionals.

es cnobili kanonis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli gamovlinebaa: ada-mians, romelic arafers qmnis da SemoqmedebiTi Zalisxmevis velsgareT aris darCenili, yovelTvis uCndeba agresia imis mimarT, vincqmnis da imisTvis Sromobs, rom misi fizikuri arseboba mis mierSeqmnilma samyarom gaagrZelos. aseTi agresia SeiZleba iyos faru-li an "dabmuli" da uwyinari qcevebiT gamoxatuli, magram SeiZlebaaRmoCndes sakmaod uxeSi da meTodurad damangrevelic ki, adamia-nis da sazogadoebis socialur da fsiqologiur portrets gaaCnia.

8.

da bolos: winamdebare wignSi Tavmoyrili teqstebi, cxadia,arc kritikosis da arc sistemuri prozaikosis namuSevrebi ar gax-lavT. es aris Cemi - rogorc poetis - mxatvruli da Teoriuliproza, romelic yovelTvis Cemi sistemuri poeturi Ziebebis Ta-namdevi arasistemuri refleqsiebis xasiaTs atarebda, da es kargad"Semoinaxa" Tundac sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT dasaxsruli amteqstebis Tematikam da logikam: miuxedavad erTiani Sinagani es-Tetikuri da eTikuri xazisa, es mainc erTgvari konceptualuriiniciativebia, TiTqos saguldagulod dawyebuli, ganviTarebisraRac etapamde miyvanili da mere yovelTvis moulodnelad Se-wyvetili samuSaoebi (rogorc, magaliTad, oriode recenzia ca-lkeul poetebze, romelTa ricxvi, winaswari CanafiqriT, ocdaaT-amdec ki unda gazrdiliyo).

aseTi suraTis erT mizezad Cems mier lokaluri konteqstiscvalebadobis permanentul gaTvaliswinebas davasaxelebdi, meo-

15

re mizezi gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Cemi saredaqcio-sagamom-cemlo literaturuli aqcionizmi iqneboda, mesame – Cemi mTargm-nelobiTi saqmianoba, meoTxe da upirvelesi ki - Cems poetur Semoq-medebaze intensiuri koncentrireba da Cemi cxovrebis mTavarisaqmidan saxifaTod daSorebis winaSe Tu Cemgan damoukidebelmizezTa gamo Cemi poeturi Ziebebis SesaZlo dabrkolebaze fiqre-biT gamowveuli SiSi. am ukanasknels yovelTvis gansakuTrebulikoreqtivebi Sehqonda da Seaqvs Cems sakonteqsto aqtivobaSi (uk-anaskneli rva-aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi axalgazrduli enTuziazmisgaqrobam da kurtnis muSad yofnis saxaliso rolze uaris Tqmam,fizikuri arsebobis SenarCunebisa da sulieri arsebobisTvis ganu-wyvetelma brZolam da, aqedan gamomdinare, mTlianad Cems sakuTarSemoqmedebaze da ramdenime sagamomcemlo proeqtze koncent-rirebam avtomaturad Seamcira Cemi cxovrebis mTavari saqmis Ta-namdevi es paraleluri aqtivobebi, magram ara – mkafio poziciebi).isev keTil eliots Tu mivmarTav da mis erT gamonaTqvamSi mcire-oden cvlilebas Sevitan, aseTi TavxedobiT CemTvis umniSvnelo-vanesi, ai, rogori maqsima miiReba: konteqstis grZnoba aucilebe-lia nebismierisTvis, visac gadauwyvetia – poetad darCes mas me-rec, roca Tavis sicocxlis pirvel ocdaxuT wels ukan moitovebs.

Cemi interesebis aqamdeli istoriis amsaxveli suraTi rom met-naklebad sruli yofiliyo, mizanSewonilad miviCnie, danarTSi Se-metana Cemi mravali studenturi naSromidan is ramdenime, rome-lic erT dros qarTul periodikaSi gamoqveynda. bolosdabolos,sxva ra Rirebuleba unda hqondes dRes saqarTveloSi iseTi wignisgamocemas, rogoric winamdebarea, Tu ara – saarqivo. Tumca, undavaRiaro, rom aseTi ganwyoba kidev ufro miZlierebs madlierebisgrZnobas mkiTxvelis (gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrda Taobis mkiTx-velis) winaSe, romelic Tavis Zvirfas dros dauTmobs Cems refleq-siebs. miTumetes, rom winamdebare wigni sxva araferia, Tu ara –2008 wels gamocemuli Cemi poeturi erTtomeulis prozauli foni.

Tavs uflebas vaZlev, aqve xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom Cems war-modgenaSi mkiTxveli mxolod im adamians gulisxmobs, romelicTavad wers anu aqvs moTxovnileba – warmavlobis winaSe xma aRimaR-los, rogorc avtorma.

daTo barbaqaZeTbilisi, marti-aprili, 2010

esseebiesseebiesseebiesseebiesseebi

19

poezia da politika

winamdebare werilis mizans ar warmoadgens ori urTulesi

fenomenis – poeziisa da politikis – konstituciuri Tavisebure-

bebisa da "teritoriebis sakiTxis" analizi; am ganaserSi igi, ase

Tu ise, garkveulia da tradiciis iseT dones gulisxmobs, roca

saqme exeba ara ubralod erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebul, aramed ur-

TierTdapirispirebul mxareebs, romelTaganac TiToeuli darw-

munebulia mowinaaRmdegis Rirseul metoqeobaSi. Cems amocanas

Seadgens mkiTxvelisTvis konkretul-eqsistencialuri gamocdi-

lebis gaziareba da im pirovnuli rwmenis gandoba, romelic nebi-

smieri Teoriuli msjelobis sawyisi proceduris – sakiTxis das-

mis – aprioruli wanamZRvaria. sxva sityvebiT, saqme exeba bedis-

weras, romelic ar Ralatobs saerTod bedisweris "moRvaweobis"

kanonzomierebas, magram mainc gamorCeuli da gansakuTrebulia.

esaa poetis, Semoqmedis bediswera, rasac sruliad gamokveTili

mTelis saxe aqvs, da rasac, garkveulwilad, swored am mTlianobaze

ama Tu im pirovnebis intencirebis aseTi Tu iseTi forma qmnis,

rac garkveuli droiTi distancirebis Semdgom im wesis gaazrebis

saSualebas iZleva, romelSic Turme Tavi mouyria yvela speci-

fikur formas. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom xsenebuli problema ga-

moricxavs kategoriuli daskvnebis SesaZleblobas, cxadia, ara

mxolod im banaluri azris gamo, rom TviT umtkicesi logikuri

msjelobebic WeSmaritad logikur fundaments moklebulia, rac

TviTkmayofilebis gancdas Rimilismomgvrels xdis, aramed imi-

tom, rom am SemTxvevaSi saxezea Semoqmedis ganwyoba, romelic

nebismier fundamentze ufro fundamenturia, romelic gansa-

zRvravs azrovnebis mdinarebis TviT ritmsa da intensivobas (rom

araferi iTqvas mimarTulebaze), da romelic Tavwyarod poetis,

Semoqmedis, sindiss da SemoqmedebiTi sindisis rangSi ayvanil in-

tuicias gulisxmobs. ra Tqma unda, moxazul pirobebSi, sindisis

cneba Tavisufldeba moralsa da zneobaze saero Tu religiuri

warmodgenebisgan da misi arseboba sadRac miRmur realobaSi gan-

iSleba. poziciis kategoriuloba ki am dros mxolod sindisisadmi

erTgulebis emociur xarisxs gulisxmobs da ara Tvalsazrisis

Seuvalobas: iseTi gamoTqmebic ki, rogorebicaa "unda iyos", "mxo-

20

lod da mxolod", "rogorc wesi" da sxv., erTaderTs niSnavs: "Cemi

azriT", rac, Tavis mxriv, aRniSnuli poeturi ganwyobis mier Se-

muSavebuli proeqtiT Seqmnil "geopolitikur" arealze miu-

TiTebs, romelsac Tavisi kanonebi da normebi gaaCnia. aq adgili

aqvs cnobil TamaSsac, romelic yovelTvis da yvelgan Semoqmedis

Tanamdevia.

poetis, rogorc swored poetis, amosavali poziciis sakiTxi

permanentul ganaxlebas ganicdis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mim-

dinare procesebis Tund mcireodeni cvalebadobebis Sesabamisad,

riTac, erTgvarad, Tavisi arsebobis simyares amowmebs orive, erT-

maneTis ganmamtkicebeli, formiT: rogorc sakiTxis dasmiT, ise –

pasuxiT. bunebrivia, yovelTvis Cndeba eWvic: nuTu Cveulebrivi

humanuri mrwamsis aRiarebaze da mis dasacavad nebismieri rigiTi

adamianis mxardamxar dgomaze bevrad mniSvnelovania, poetis

SemTxvevaSi, nebismieri aqcia gulisxmobdes konteqsts: "me, ro-

gorc poeti"? nuTu piradad CemTvisac ki aradamajerebelia Cemi,

rogorc sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevris, zneobrivi katego-

riebis Sesabamisad moqmedi pirovnebis, poziciis siswore, xazi Tu

ar gaesva Cems, rogorc swored Semoqmedis, arCevans? aseTi eWvi

ukve maCvenebelia poeziis fundamenturi maxasiaTeblisa da iseTi

metaforiT xelovnebis gansazRvrebisac, romelsac epikuri meta-

fora SeiZleba ewodos. xsenebul SemTxvevaSi metafora, ase vTq-

vaT, ar deddeba; is nawevrdeba uamrav ganStoebad da msjelobis

Ria process warmoqmnis. ratom araa poetisTvis sakmarisi morali,

zneoba? upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos istoriaSi mravaljer

gameorebuli azri, rom poezia araa profesia; igi, filosofiis

msgavsad, bedisweraa (mkiTxvels, cxadia, m. mamardaSvilis teqste-

bi gaaxsendeba). poeturi cnobiereba Cemi, rogorc adamianis, kon-

stituciis birTvia, mis gareSe me vkargav raRac iseTs, rac dan-

grevas uqadis mTels Cems damoukidebel arsebobas. igive ar iTqmis

"xelosnis" an sulac "mecnieris" cnebasTan dakavSirebiT, vinaid-

an ukanasknel SemTxvevebSi saqme gvaqvs raRac SeZenilTan da ara-

konstanturTan, imasTan, rac jer ar iyo da mere gaCnda (paradoq-

sia, magram asea: mecnierSic ki, rogorc swored mecnierSi, kon-

stituciuri da konstanturi isaa, rac aramecnierulia). Temis

gamartivebis Tavidan asacileblad SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom, uda-

voa, xelosnobis Tvinier Semoqmedeba sakuTar arsebobas ver

44

trfoba wamebulTa

sawyalobel iqmna ubadruki givi, rameTu uvaryo coli WeSmariti

da aRiara mSvenieri miranda da motyna. da iyo dReTa maT Sina kva-

lad ganrisxeba colisa misisa nestanisi, da ivltoda igi da iswrafa

miaxlebad zazasa da motyna zazam nestani. maSin daWmunda givi da

warvida da motyna coli zazasi, londa. xolo Semdgom amisa londa

motyna biZinam. xolo dai biZinasi, violeta, motyna jimSerma, saRa-

momdi ilxina, da waremarTa da motyna miranda. xolo biZina msw-

rafl aRdga ze da motyna coli jimSerisi, luiza. da ara scxreboda

igi, da moeTayvana londas da motyna. merme iZia mcire oTaxi da

mun daeyuda da motyna nunu, colisda Tvisi. xolo qmarman nunu-

saman, zurab, ganiwyo guli da ibrdRvenda misTvis, da Semdgomad

samisa dRisa miuxda zeda cialas, disSvilsa biZinasas, da ganSiS-

vlda da aRiRo falosi da uxeTqna mas Tavsa, da Cahfla da Tvali

erTi daubuSta, da mjiRiTa scemda ZuZusa missa uwyalod da TmiTa

mimoiTrevda, da mxiarul iqmna ciala friad da netarebda uzomoT,

da ganZlierda tynauri maTi. da eaxla miranda zazas, da viTarca

ixiles erTmaneTi, ganixares friad da yves tynauri. xolo qmari

mirandasi SeuCnda londas, axovani Tornike SeuCnda londas, da

dawva londa da aRipyrna ferxni Tvisni da myovar Jam itynaura. da

esma cialas sikeTe Tornikes tynaurmetyvelebisa da iRvawa, da

maSin aRusrula Tornikeman neba misi da aswava tynauri WeSmariti

da saswaulni igini uCvena, romelni-igi iqmnebodes falosisgan cx-

ovelisa, da ese mravalgzis iqmna. xolo masve Jamsa Sina gvancam,

colisdaman Tornikesi, ixilva saswauli didi, rameTu zeciT gamoC-

ndis falosi cecxlisai Semosili varskvlavebiTa da dgis igi did-

xans, da gvanca, aRZruli surviliTa TayvaniscemisaTvis falosisa

cxovelisa, vidoda uxamuri da cremliTa daaltobda qveyanasa,

da hkida mas Tvali mixeilma da mouwoda da sarecelsa Tvissa miawvi-

na da motyna. euwya ese ambavi klarasa, colsa mixeilisasa, da miisw-

rafda vanos mimarT, qmarisa mimarT gvancaisi, da xmobda: "aw iyav

Cem mier friad pativcemul, viTarca mtyvneli Cemi, da mravali

simdidre moganiWo Sen da iyo yovelTa mier saxelovan da did amas

sadaqalosa Sina Cemsa". da motyna vanom klara, da Semdgomad amisa

warvida aRvsebuli sixaruliTa da saxeliTa da motyna natalia,

57

na enriko. mamukam motyna natalia. da ase Semdeg da ase Semdeg. da

me viTar SemZlebel var aRwerad yovelTa maTTa motynaureTa moR-

vawebasa, aramed krZalulebiTa zRvaSi wueTi vTqui. da vityvi ama-

saca: srul iqmna wamebai maTi da Seiracxnes igini pirvelTa maT mowa-

meTa Tana da maT Tana ixareben sasufevelsa caTasa gvirgvinosanni

winaSe uflisa Cvenisa iesu qristesa, rameTu siyvaruli iyo yovla-

dve maT Soris da maT WeSmaritad motynes erTurTi.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. iakob xucesi, SuSanikis wameba

2. ucnobi avtori, evstaTi mcxeTelis wameba

3. iovane sabanis Ze, habos wameba

4. ucnobi avtori, daviT da konstantines wameba

5. ucnobi avtori, ninos cxovreba

6. juanSeri, cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa

7. giorgi merCule, grigol xanZTelis cxovreba

8. faxr-ed-din gorgani, visramiani (Targmani sargis Tmogvelisa)

9. ucnobi avtori, matiane qarTlisa

10. ucnobi avtori, cxovreba mefeT-mefisa daviTisi

11. basili ezosmoZRvari, cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisi

12. ucnobi avtori, rusudaniani

13. zurab WumburiZe, ra gqvia Sen?, Tbilisi, 1982

14. abraam moli, xelovneba da egm, moskovi 1975 (rusul enaze)

15. abraam moli, informaciis Teoria da esTetikuri aRqma, mos-

kovi, 1966 (rusul enaze)

16. maqs benze, esTetika, baden-badeni, 1965 (germanul enaze)

seqtemberi, 1993

werilebi. saubrebi. polemika.werilebi. saubrebi. polemika.werilebi. saubrebi. polemika.werilebi. saubrebi. polemika.werilebi. saubrebi. polemika.

recenziebi. ganmartebebirecenziebi. ganmartebebirecenziebi. ganmartebebirecenziebi. ganmartebebirecenziebi. ganmartebebi

117

Tebervali dadgao...

anbanuri WeSmaritebaa: warsulisa da awmyos analizi xvalin-

deli dRis winaswarmetyvelebis survilsac gulisxmobs, cxadad

Tu SefarviT. awmyos erTi umniSvnelovanesi funqcia aqvs, - igi xi-

di unda iyos warsulsa da momavals Soris. Cemi azriT, Tanamedrove

qarTul mwerlobas, sazogadod, es funqcia dakarguli aqvs, ris

Sedegadac safrTxe eqmneba mis xvalindel dRes. amis mizezi, Cven-

gan damoukidebeli Tu Cvenze damokidebuli, mravalia. Sevecdebi,

SeZlebisdagvarad, zogierTi maTganis warmoCenas.

jer aseT "paradoqss" SemogTavazebT: Tanamedrove qarTul

mwerlobaSi Seqmnilia ukiduresad kritikuli mdgomareoba imis

gamo, rom araferi metyvelebs qarTuli mwerlobis krizisze, da

arc axlo momavalSia igi mosalodneli. raSi mdgomareobs am "para-

doqsis" azri da ra kavSiri aqvs mas ara mxolod qarTul literatu-

rul, aramed agreTve qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebasTan?

meore msoflio omis Semdeg evropuli da amerikuli litera-

turis warmomadgenlebma erTob mcire droSi gaacnobieres, rom

ukve SeuZlebeli iyo urTulesi msoflio koliziebis asaxva Zveli,

dromoWmuli saSualebebiT; aucileblobas warmoadgenda sruliad

axali mxatvruli meTodebis Zieba da damkvidreba, raTa mwerali

dros ar CamorCenoda da skrupulozuri sizustiT aRenusxa epoqis

yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani faqtebi da movlenebi, maSasadame,

yvelaferi (rameTu, didi xania, msoflioSi xelovanis TvalisTvis

umniSvnelo araferi xdeba). erTi sityviT, aRar SeiZleboda "Zvel-

eburad cxovreba". ki, magram vin iyvnen es "Zvelebi"? ai, isinic: pa-

undi, elioti, kafka, rilke, joisi, prusti... mokled, saukunis das-

awyisis da meore meoTxedis is mwerlebi, romlebmac, rbilad rom

vTqvaT, omisSemdgom Taobas, am ajanyebul xalxs, wera aswavles.

dameTanxmebiT, germanels qarTveli ver aswavlis kafkas siy-

varuls, xolo frangs – prustisas, magram germanelmac da frang-

mac, sapirispirod qarTvelisa, kargad icis, rom Tu Semoqmeds surs

tradiciis WeSmariti pativismcemeli iyos, pirvel rigSi igi swor-

ed am tradicias unda daupirispirdes, raTa ufro ganamtkicos

guSindeli dRe. ufro metic, xelovani erTaderTia, visac araTu

epatieba, aramed evaleba tradiciis pativiscema aseTi "ucnauri"

118

gziT. miuxedavad imisa, rom dasaxelebuli mwerlebi swored meore

msoflio omis Semdeg sargeblobdnen mkiTxvelTa araCveulebrivi

yuradRebiT, am droisTvis isini ukve "Zvelebi" iyvnen. tradiciaa

ara mxolod saukunis win Seqmnili, aramed – isic, rac guSin da gne-

bavT dRes Seqmnila. wigni, romelmac aTian wlebSi gaiTqva saxeli,

ociani wlebis mwerlisTvis ukve Zvelia da am wignma mas, yvelafer-

Tan erTad, umTavresi unda aswavlos: ase wera ar SeiZleba! raki

"ulise" arsebobs, maSasadame ase wera ar SeiZleba! tradiciis gada-

laxva niSnavs misdami erTgulebisa da siyvarulis saqmiT damtkic-

ebas. es is meToduri eSmakobaa, romelic organuli unda iyos nebis-

mieri xelovanisTvis, vinc efemerul saxels ki ar eswrafvis, ara-

med – sakuTari Tavis aRmoCenas. maSasadame, meore msoflio omis

Semdeg evropul literaturaSi Seqmnili viTareba iyo tipiuri

nimuSi literaturuli krizisisa, ramac kidev ufro gaamdidra da

mravalferovani gaxada evropuli xelovneba. igive movlena iyo

bevrad adre mizezi impresionizmis, postimpresionizmis, eqspre-

sionizmis da sxva uamravi "izmis" warmoSobisa, romelTa miRwevebs-

ac RimiliT umzerda ormocdaaTiani wlebis xelovani.

literaturuli krizisi uSualodaa dakavSirebuli ama Tu

im sazogadoebaSi mimdinare sulier procesebTan. XX saukune, am

TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebulia. msoflio moicva iseTma problem-

ebma, romlebsac internacionaluri problemebi SeiZleba vuwod-

oT. esenia: adamianisa da manqanis urTierTmimarTebis, kacobriobis

dehumanizaciis, pirovnebis gaqrobisa da usaxo adamianis moZaleb-

is, da uamravi sxva problema. es ukve epoqis krizisia, romelmac

SeiZleba daRupvamde miiyvanos kacobrioba. am krizisis gacnobier-

ebis Sedegia saukunis wignebi: "evropis daisi", "yofiereba da dro",

"masebis ajanyeba". am krizisis analizia mocemuli iaspersis, sart-

ris, huicingas da sxva mravali filosofosis SromebSi. SegviZlia

vTqvaT, rom ar darCenila XX saukunis arc erTi met-naklebad mniS-

vnelovani moazrovne, Tavisi sityva rom ar eTqvas im Tavzardamcem

movlenaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic Cveni saukunis pirmSoa, da romelTa

gamoc kacobriobis mTeli istoria sasworis erT mxareze aRmoCnda,

xolo Cveni saukune – meoreze.

ra xdeba CvenSi? vcxovrobT Tu ara Tanamedrove msoflio

ritmiT? am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis gacema tyuili iqneboda.

gulaxdilad Tu vityviT, Cven dResdReobiT WurSi vsxedvarT. amis

119

upirvelesi niSani Cveni ganaTlebisa da profesionalizmis ukidu-

resad dabali donea. zedapirulad, ra Tqma unda, yvelaferi viciT,

magram sinamdvileSi araferic ar viciT; gaxedvac ar gvsurs iqiT,

saidanac siRrme da urTules kanonzomierebaTa sauflo Semogvc-

qeris. Tavis damSvidebis sababs iZleva, erTi SexedviT, is, rom ara

marto Cven, aramed mTeli msoflio am dReSia Cavardnili; saqme

exeba im diletantizmisa da "zarmaci gonebis" avadmyofobas, roml-

is simptomebi jer kidev gasul saukuneSi igrZnes moazrovneebma

da gangaSi atexes; mTel ganaTlebul da kulturul samyarosTan

erTad literaturac dairazma am movlenis winaaRmdeg sabrZolve-

lad. cxadia, rogorc msoflios organul nawils, epoqis Wiri saqar-

Tvelosac unda Sehyroda, magram, saubedurod, im mizezTa gamo,

romlebic uricxvia, da romelTagan ramdenime qvemoT iqneba ganxi-

luli, CvenSi uaresi moxda: diletantizmma, zedapirulobam, gaun-

aTleblobam, usaxobam, Seipyro literaturac, e. i. is Zala, romel-

ic am senis winaaRmdeg pirveli mebrZoli unda yofiliyo. am Tvalsa-

zrisiT, qarTul mwerlobas dRes metad mZime Jami udgas: man jer

es seni unda moiSoros, unda ganiwmindos, da mxolod amis mere Se-

eZleba ufro maRal miznebze fiqri.

mavani, cxadia, Cemi azris sapirispirod, Cveni saukunis iseT

did mwerlebs daasaxelebs, rogorebic iyvnen robaqiZe, galaktio-

ni, gamsaxurdia... rogorebic dRes oTar CxeiZe da oTar WilaZe

arian... magram saqme isaa, rom erTia didi talantis Zalmosileba,

xolo meore – is faruli kanonzomiereba, romelic literaturis

saerTo procesis ganmsazRvrelia, da romelic literaturas akav-

Sirebs epoqasTan. roca literatura, sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo, gan-

viTarebis bunebriv gzas acdenilia, maSin aTi galaktionic rom

moRvaweobdes erTmaneTis gverdiT, literaturis ganviTarebis

saerTo process misxali araferi daetyoba ukeTesobis. am sakiTxs

isev davubrundebi, amjerad ki aRvniSnav, rom yovelive zemoT

Tqmuli naTels xdis im zRvars, romelic mijnavs saqarTvelos ara

mxolod kulturuli da ganaTlebuli evropisgan, aramed, upirve-

les yovlisa, - Tavisi guSindeli dRisgan.

jer sakiTxis pirveli mxaris Sesaxeb. Cveni mwerlebis umrav-

lesoba mxolod axla ecnoba prustis, joisis, muzilis Tu sxva ko-

rifeTa Semoqmedebas. zogs ki araTu ar waukiTxavs, arc gaugonia

odesme es saxelebi. mravali asaks miRweuli mwerali mxolod axla

120

ecnoba modernizmisa da postmodernizmis monapovars; mravali ax-

la furclavs TviT holderlinsa da kolrijs. meores mxriv, Cvens

tradiciebTan misasvleli gzebi Cvenve CavixergeT imiT, rasac

klasikuri qarTuli mwerlobis erTgulebas veZaxiT da rasac araf-

eri aqvs saerTo erTgulebasTan. es sakuTar naWuWSi jdomis survi-

li da Semoqmedebis SiSia mxolod da mxolod.

dRevandel qarTul mwerlobaSi Seqmnili viTareba, Zalian

mokled, ase SeiZleba gamoiTqvas: Cven ar viciT, rogor ar SeiZleba

wera, rogor ar unda vweroT. es is sazogado movlenaa qarTul mwer-

lobaSi, rasac Tavisi uRrmesi mizezobrivi Zirebi aqvs. aqedan gamo-

mdinare, saWiroa ara Seqmnili situaciis gamo vinmes gakicxva,

aramed – am mizezTa gamowvlilviT analizi, raTa moxerxdes amJami-

ndeli viTarebis wamloba. Cemi mizani gacilebiT mokrZalebulia:

msurs, mkiTxvels ramdenime dakvirveba gavuziaro, xolo sanam am

saqmes Sevudgebode, movitan amonawers b. adeiSvilis werilidan,

romelic Tanamedrove germanulenovani poeziis problemebs exe-

ba, da romelsac kargad icnoben specialistebi. me mas komentars

ar davurTav, mxolod erTs vityvi windawin: amonawerSi yovlismom-

cveli lakonizmiTaa naCvenebi, ra dakarga gdr-is literaturam

raRac ociode wlis ganmavlobaSi, mas mere, rac igi dedasamSoblos

CamoaSores: "1964 wlis dekemberi. literatorTa internacionalu-

ri koloqviumi oderis frankfurtSi. Tema: gaTiSul germanuleno-

van samyaroSi mimdinare literaturuli procesi; germanuli li-

teraturis internacionaluri rezonansi; tradicia da literatu-

ruli politika. koloqviumma aRniSna: ZiriTadi nakli germanuli

literaturisa (gdr-is masStabi) – karCaketiloba (TavisTavSi Cake-

tva), nakleb modernuloba, calmxrivi informacia ucxoeTis qveyn-

ebSi aRCenil mimarTuleba-mimdinareobaTa Sesaxeb, Tvalsawieris

mozRudva da Sedegad yovlisa – daxSuli internacionaluri gamo-

Zaxili; modernizmis gaubraloebuli, lozunguri interpretacia;

gansxvavebul cnebaTa da koncefciaTa erT qvabSi xarSva – defini-

ciis uqonloba (volfgang ioho). egon nagasovskis konstatacia:

es faqtia, germanuli literatura monoliTi aRar aris (guldasawy-

veti faqti), magram raimes Sefasebisas esec unda gvaxsovdes: Camo-

yalibda ori erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli literatura (gansxvav-

ebul sazogadoebriv-politikur safuZvlebze), orive literatu-

ris ganmkvidrebaSi esTetikuri faqtoris wilxvedric cxadi unda

121

iyoso. orive qveynis literatura Tav-Tavis esTetikur koncef-

cias icavs dRemdeo. magaliTad: germanuli klasikuri modernistu-

li literaturis tradicia aRmosavleTSi saerTod ar ganviTareb-

ula (es ki mniSvnelovani monapovariao), miviwyebulia internacion-

aluri prozis miRwevac (j. joisi, m. prusti, f. kafka) – metadre

kafka – modernuli romanis mama. aseve nakleb ganqveynda TqvenSi

r. muzilis, h. broxis Semoqmedeba (riTac mweralTa axalTaobas

literaturuli varjiSis saSualeba waerTvao). nacisturi Jamiano-

bis damxobis Semdgom dasavleT germanulma mwerlobam kvlav aRi-

dgina msoflio literaturasTan Serwymis didi tradicia, aRmosav-

leTi am mxriv valSi darCao (zemoreCamoTvlil klasikos modern-

istTa xeldasxmulni arian didi talantebi: dos pasosi, virjinia

vulfi, u. folknerio)." ("saunje", #2, 1985 w.).

1917 wels g. robaqiZe werda: "XX saukune saqarTveloSi mniSv-

nelovani uReltexiliT daiwyo: isaxeba qarTuli renesansi. am mov-

lenis "mtkiceba" jerjerobiT metad saZneloa: axla misi "SegrZ-

noba" Tu SeiZleba mxolod" (gazeTi "saqarTvelo", #257, 1917 w.).

cxadia, roca mwerali amas ambobda, verc warmoidgenda, ra Semzarav

xvedrs umzadebda bedi saqarTvelos. gr. robaqiZe saqarTvelos

ganviTarebis, qarTuli kulturis ganaxlebis bunebriv gzas

gulisxmobda da ara – xelovnurad Sewyvetilsa da kalapotSec-

vlils.

XX saukunis xelovanisTvis ganaTleba yvelaferia. saimisod,

rom mweralma, uricxv pirobiTobaTa gadalaxviT da maTive xelSew-

yobiT, Sinagani mzera gaicxovelos da icodes, rogor ar unda wer-

os, gansakuTrebuli pirobebia saWiro. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

xelaxali dapyrobis Semdeg CvenSi yvela piroba Seiqmna swored

saimisod, rom araTu mwerali, aramed nebismieri individi ganaTle-

buli ar yofiliyo. saqarTvelo, rogorc imperiis Semadgeneli nawi-

li, amiT dampyroblis beds iziarebda. arc ruseTsa da arc saqarT-

veloSi ociani wlebis mere ar yofila elementaruli pirobebic

ki, rom mwerals Tvalyuri edevnebina imdroindeli msoflio lite-

raturuli procesisTvis; scodnoda, ra iqmneboda axali, vin war-

marTavda ama Tu im periodSi literaturul Tu filosofiur azrs.

filosofia imitom vaxsene, rom maSin, roca XX saukunis xelovneb-

is nebismieri dargi filosofiisadmi gamZafrebul interess iCenda

da filosofiasa da xelovnebas Soris kavSirma iseTi saxe miiRo,

122

romlis msgavsi karga xania ar axsovda kacobriobis kulturis ist-

orias, Cveni mwerlebi cocxali filosofiuri azrisgan mowyvetili

da haerSi gamokidebuli aRmoCndnen. cxadia, es SemTxveviT ar mom-

xdara. filosofia Tavisufali azris simboloa, Tavisufali azro-

vneba ki leninuri totalitarizmis da manqurTizmis principebTan

TanxmobaSi ver movidoda. meores mxriv, mwerlebs aekrZalaT sauku-

nis dasawyisSi safuZvelCayrili tradiciebis gagrZeleba, sxvada-

sxva literaturul mimdinareobaTa mier miRweuli warmatebebis

ganviTareba. idevneboda yvela, vinc axal epoqas fexs ver auwyob-

da. am anbanur WeSmaritebaTa gameoreba imitom mixdeba, rom yove-

live es im mizezobrivi jaWvis nawilia, romelmac dRevandel qarT-

ul mwerlobaSi katastrofuli viTareba Seqmna... visTvisac Semoq-

medeba da sicocxle erTi iyo, maTi bedi tragikulad warimarTa.

mravali sazRvargareT gaixizna (ruseTSi xom es procesi oTxmoc-

ian wlebSic grZeldeboda), mravali ki, sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo

samSoblos vermowyvetili, umZimesi presis qveS aRmoCnda. gana

tragikuli ar iyo bedi galaktionis, ticianis, konstantine gamsa-

xurdiasi... Tqma imisa, rom am mwerlebma, ociani wlebis Semdgom,

adrindeli SemoqmedebiTi saxe da Rirseba SeinarCunes, mtknari

sicrue iqneboda. roca xelovani cdilobs Seqmnili politikur-

saxelmwifoebrivi viTarebis gaTvaliswinebas da, fizikuri arseb-

obis SenarCunebis mizniT, Tavis Tavs negatiur sazRvrebs uwesebs,

aseT SemTxvevaSi SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba knindeba da mxolod

inerciiT suldgmulobs. ase moxda ruseTSic da saqarTveloSic.

totalitarulma diqtatma axali wesebi da stereotipebi da-

akanona. literaturaSi mozRvavdnen uniWo, magram proletaruli

kulturis erTguli "mwerlebi". kritikuli azri Cakvda. momravl-

dnen karisa da damsjeli "kritikosebi". es movlenebi klasikuri

ubraloebiTa da damajereblobiT aqvs ganxiluli akaki baqraZes

Tavis "mwerlobis moTvinierebaSi".

inkvizicia saxes ucvlida da abuCad igdebda nebismier mwer-

als, romelsac masebamde Tavisi nawerebis mitana surda. vinc dasax-

iCrebaze yabuls ar iqneboda, mas Tavi iZulebiTi asketizmisTvis

unda gaewira. es procesi mxolod ormocian wlebamde rodi grZel-

deboda. igive xdeboda Semdgom aTwleulebSic. eg iyo mxolod, rom

procesis garegnuli, saCvenebeli mxare xarisxobrivad gaumjobes-

da, arsi ki igive darCa. kompromisi kompromisia, da roca mwerali

123

iZulebuli xdeba azri SeniRbos da daamaxinjos, igi frTebSekve-

cili mweralia. roca mwerali Tanaxmaa Tavisi nawarmoebi daCexil-

dasaxiCrebuli ixilos, oRond ki dabeWdos da xalxma waikiTxos,

igi galaxuli mweralia da amas aRaraferi eSveleba.

ormocdaaTian-samocian wlebSi mweralma igrZno: dasrulda

inkviziciis Jami. am inkvizicias ki ise Seeryvna da Seebilwa mwerlo-

ba, rom igi amieridan yvela saSualebas icnobda da flobda saimis-

od, raTa diqtatura ar Seewuxebina da Tavadve moeTvinierebina

Tavisi Tavi.

proletkultisa da komunisturi "moralis" diqtatma mwer-

lobaSi iseTi pirebi Semodevna, romelTac arc manamde da arc Semd-

gom, roca sqeltaniani wignebis avtorebi gaxdnen, namdvil litera-

turasTan saerTo araferi hqoniaT. am SemTxveviT pirebs adgileb-

ze ukve gabzaruli da dasustebuli mwerlebi daxvdnen. samocian

wlebSi wyali ise iyo amRvreuli, rom yvela, niWieric da uniWoc,

Seqmnili viTarebis Tavisda sasikeTod gamoyenebas cdilobda.

uricxv kalmosans ormocdaaTian-samocian wlebSi Tavisi Ci-

novnikuri adgili mtkiced eWira. maT erTguli memkvidreebis gamo-

zrda-gamowTrobac moeswroT. am erTgul memkvidreebs gansakuT-

rebuli "valdebulebebi" hqondaT nakisri: saWiro iyo "aRmzrdel-

Ta" da literaturul sarbielze maTTvis gzis gamkvalavTa mier

"Seqmnili" fsevdoRirebulebebis damcveli cocxali xelovnuri

Zalebis aRmarTva. yvelas moexseneba, rom WeSmariti xelovani lit-

eraturul sarbielze aseTi gziT gamosvlas ar ikadrebs da yovel-

Tvis ganze dgomas amjobinebs. aseTi ganze mdgomebi iyvnen niko

samadaSvili, SoTa CantlaZe, guram rCeuliSvili...

cxadia, sibriyve iqneba imis mtkiceba, rom SoTa CantlaZis

Taobis kompromisze wasuli mwerlebidan niWierebiT gamorCeuli

da dafasebis Rirsi aravin iyo. piriqiT, maT Soris ramdenimem dam-

saxurebuli saxeli moipova. erTi ki unda iTqvas: xom faqtia, rom

maSin, roca sxva mwerlebi mzad iyvnen TviTdamkvidrebis mizniT

komkavSirul gmirobebze da aTas sazizRrobaze leqsebi da moTxr-

obebi eweraT, pirovnuli Rirsebis Seuracxmyofeli da abuCad amg-

debi "paravozebi" ekeTebinaT, SoTa CantlaZisnairi adamianebi amas

ar kadrulobdnen imitom, rom didi Sinagani kultura maT karnaxo-

bda: im saSinel droSi mwerlis cxovrebis wesi ufro did gavlenas

axdenda gabzaruli da dabeCavebuli xalxis sulze, vidre – sauc-

124

xood gawyobili diTirambi. roca eri xedavs, rom mwerali gaorebu-

li cxovrebiT cxovrobs da, miuxedavad amisa, dafaseba ar aklia,

sakuTar Tavsac aZlevs uflebas ase icxovros.

samocianma wlebma imemkvidra da ganamtkica Tavsmoxveuli

popularobis tendencia. isedac azrovnebawarTmeul, Seuracxyo-

fil xalxs mesiasaviT gamoucxadebdnen romelime "did" mwerals.

es "didi" mwerali usaTuod did, maRal skamze ijda da saSualeba

hqonda, wamdauwum Tavi Seexsenebina xalxisTvis. karis kritikosebi

am "didi" mwerlis qebaSi iyvnen niadag, da xalxs aTasnairi silogiz-

mebiT usabuTebdnen maT mniSvnelovnebas. es xom reklamebis tota-

luri periodi iyo. cxadia, saxelmwifo tyuilad aravis wamoativti-

vebda, mwerali partiis diadi saqmis erTguli da yurmoWrili mona

unda yofiliyo... magram WeSmaritad did niWs TviTgadarCenis da

namdvil RirebulebaTa dacvis RvTiT boZebuli Zala swored aseT

viTarebaSi uaskecdeba xolme. swored maSindel WaobSi CaumxrCva-

li mwerlebi arian oTar CxeiZe da revaz inaniSvili, oTar WilaZe

da guram doCanaSvili... maTi ricxvi araa didi, magram arc mcirea...

sagangebo msjelobis Temaa is, rac SeemTxvaT omis Semdgom

aTwleulebSi aRiarebul da samarTlianad dafasebul niWier poe-

tebs. marTalia, maT Tvisobrivad axali araferi moutaniaT qarTul

poeziaSi, magram saukunis dasawyisis did qarTvel poetTa monapo-

vris ganmtkiceba da gabeduli formiseuli Ziebebi udavod mniSv-

nelovan saqmes warmoadgenda. magram moxda is, rac imdroindeli

mowamluli haeriT iyo niSandebuli da raSic gansakuTrebuli Za-

liT gamJRavnda inkviziciis danatovaris "madli". saxeli, romelic

am Taobis niWierma mwerlebma moipoves literaturul asparezze

gamosvlidan pirveli aTi-TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi Seqmnili

Cinebuli nawarmoebebiT, mavanma maTganma Cinovnikuri karieris

keTebis saqmeSi moixmara, xolo mavanma tkbili da uzrunveli cxov-

rebis mowyobas daumorCila. erTi sityviT, am mwerlebma garantir-

ebuli gzebi airCies da cxovreba gaiioles. amasac Tavisi mizezebi

hqonda. maSinac ase iyo da axlac asea: Tu mweralTa kavSiris mdivani,

Tavmjdomare an sxva xeiriani Tanamdebobis piri xar, SenTvis nebis-

mieri gamomcemlobis kari Riaa, Seni wignis tiraJs Senve daasaxel-

eb, Senve aTargmnineb rogorc rusul, aseve sxva evropul enebze;

roca ginda da sadac ginda, iq Caatareb poeziis dila-saRamos da

"Sexvedras mweralTan" da a.S. da a.S. arc karis kritikosi mogaklde-

125

ba; were, rac ginda da rogorc ginda... aris kidev erTi arsebiTi mi-

zezi: ganaTlebis deficiti. roca mwerali fiqrobs, rom Cinovnik-

ur da SemoqmedebiT saqmianobas erTmaneTs SeuTavsebs, es iseTi

ukandaxevaa, iseTi sisustis gamomJRavnebaa, romelic dakvirveb-

ul kacs aucileblad afiqrebinebs: "ara, am mweralma Tavisi saqme

ar icis, igi ar gaCenila bednier varskvlavze!" ganaTlebuli da

didi Sinagani kulturis mqone xelovani am gziT ar wava, - es xom is

gzaa, romelsac xelovnebis periferiisken mivyavarT. es gza maZie-

beli sulis gza araa. am dros iwyeba sakuTari Tavis umowyalod Za-

rcva mwerlis mier; igi axals ki ar eZiebs, mxolod Zvel miRwevebs

imeorebs aTasnairi variaciiT. es movlena, pirvel yovlisa, Sinaars-

obliv siRatakeSi gamJRavndeba xolme. garda amisa, SeiZleba poeti

leqsis keTebis virtuozul teqnikas flobdes, magram azrobrivi

Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT misi poezia uRaribesi iyos. sazRvargareT

virtuozuli teqnikiT Sesrulebuli auracxeli wigni gamodis,

romelTa mixedviT akeTeben filmebs, da am filmTa avtorebi aseve

saukeTeso teqnikosebi arian; maT namuSevrebSi ver naxavT verc

erT formalur Cavardnas. es namuSevrebi aRsavsea usazRvro fan-

taziiT, mxatvruli nawarmoebisTvis Tu kinofilmisTvis aucile-

beli mravali sxva RirsebiT da, kidev erTxel vambob, gasaocari

teqnikiT. magram aravis mouva TavSi azrad, es wignebi da filmebi

didi xelovnebis nimuSebad Seracxos. aseTi namuSevari dRes rom

popularulia, meore dRes aravis axsovs. da arc avtorebi cdilo-

ben ramenairi saSualebebiT TavianTi namuSevrebis sicocxlis ga-

xangrZlivebas. da es – imitom, rom iq yvelafers Tavisi saxeli

hqvia, "fantomasis" avtors "ucxos" avtoris gverdiT aravin daayen-

ebs.

araferia gasakviri an SemaSfoTebeli imaSi, rom rac guSin

mniSvnelovani gvegona (radgan sazRvrebi daketili iyo da ar vico-

diT, duniaze ra xdeboda), dRes meorexarisxovani da, xSir SemTx-

vevaSi, Rimilismomgvrelia. guldasawyveti isaa, rom guSin mniSvne-

lovan aseT leqsTa Tu romanTa ukan dRes maTi cocxali avtorebi

dganan erTob arasasiamovno da mwerlisTvis arasakadris "stoika-

Si", da ar surT Segueba im azrTan, rom diaxac araferia sasircxvi-

lo, Tu guSin mniSvnelovani da aRiarebuli mwerali dRes pensi-

oneris pativs dasjerdeba. TavianTi SesaZleblobis farglebSi maT

ukve aRasrules vali. mweralma isic unda SeiZlos, rom sarbieli

126

droze datovos da gza misces axalgazrdebs, romelTac uricxvi,

metad saWiro, "Secdoma" moaqvT.

yovelive zemoT Tqmuli arc vinmes ganqiqebas isaxavs miznad

da arc – vinmes gamtyunebas. yvelafers Tav-Tavisi saxeli axla ma-

inc Tu ar daerqva, yofa ukiduresad gaWirdeba. niWieri mwerali

did mwerlad ar unda asaRebdes Tavs, Cveulebrivi kaci – gmirad,

guSindeli meZavi – wmindanad.

iq, sadac normaluri literaturuli cxovrebaa, dros Cam-

orCenili mwerlebi Cinovnikuri samsaxuris gamoyenebiT ar cdilo-

ben TavianTi saxelis gaxangrZlivebas. samagierod arc momdevno

Taobebs eswavlebaT maTi Rvawlis dafaseba. Cveni mwerlebis umrav-

lesobam ki, didi xania, Tavisi saqcieliT xelovanis cxovrebis wess

uRalata. mipasuxeT, rogor SeiZleba Cemi Taobis kaci pativiscem-

iT ganimsWvalos im poetebisa da mwerlebisadmi, romlebic TavianT

wignebs ormocdaaTiaTasiani tiraJiT scemen (saSualo norma!) da

Semdeg xelaxla gamoscemen "telefonebis wignis" saxiT (ase eZaxian

Cveni literatorebi am gulisamrevi bakxanaliis rezultats), ro-

melTaTvisac yovel wels mzadaa Zvirfasi qaRaldi, romelTac –

rogorc samamulo omis invalidebs – urigod emsaxurebian, da es

xdeba maSin, roca "gvelis perangisTvis" ukanaskneli xarisxis qa-

Ralds Tu imeteben, roca gamoucemelia karga xnis win Targmnili

"gonis fenomenologia", roca qseroqsze mravldeba da lamis ara-

legalurad vrceldeba "iaxsari" – Jurnali ociani wlebis mere

pirveli damoukidebeli literaturuli jgufisa, romlis erT-

erTi mTavari mizani Cveni saukunis dasawyisis literaturuli

cxovrebis wesis aRdgenaa... CamoTvla usasrulod SeiZleba.

amasac Tavisi seriozuli mizezebi aqvs. im azrTan Segueba,

rom erT mSvenier dRes nebismieri mwerali unda "dakonservdes",

raTa axalma gaikvlios gza, yvelaferTan erTad tradiciasac moiT-

xovs. CvenSi aseTi tradiciis Seqmnis saSualeba simbolistebs hqo-

ndaT, sxvebze rom araferi vTqvaT. maT rom dasclodaT, TavianT

misiasac Rirseulad aRasrulebdnen da asparezsac Rirseulad da-

tovebdnen, ar Seecdebodnen yovelive axlis SeCerebas kontra-

ceptuli saSualebebiT. XX saukunis didi filosofosebi aRniSnav-

en, - Cveni drois adamianma Tu sakuTari saxe da pirovnuli individ-

ualizmi dakarga, aman gamoxatuleba imaSic hpova, rom adamianma

yvelaferi sxvebs gadaabrala da axla Tavs imiT imarTlebs, rom

127

"ase akeTeben sxvebi", "ase amboben sxvebi", "imis bralia" da a.S. aseTi,

individualobadakarguli, saxedakarguli adamiani arc erT situ-

aciaSi pasuxismgeblobas Tavis Tavze ar aiRebs, TavismarTlebis-

Tvis ki yovelTvis mzadaa. xelovani swored sapirispiro Tvisebebis

matarebeli unda iyos. man Tavis TavSi usaxo kaci unda sZlios da

moaxerxos Tavis Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aReba. damisaxeleT Tana-

mdebobis piri erTi mwerali mainc, vinc sakuTari iniciativa gamoa-

mJRavna axalTaobis SemoqmedebiT ZiebaTa xelSesawyobad, Tavi Sei-

wuxa msoflio literaturuli procesis uaxles mimdinareobaTa

popularizaciisTvis. ioli SesamCnevia, rom amis mizezi SeiZleba

iyos an arndoma, an – arcodna, an – orive erTad.

Cveni, axalgazrda qarTveli mwerlebis, upirvelesi mizania

saukunis dasawyisis qarTul kulturasTan kavSiris aRdgena, Cate-

xili xidis gamTeleba. logikurad Tu vimsjelebT, Cvens "mamebs"

es gza ar unda awyobdeT: saukunis dasawyisi xom im uamrav mimdinar-

eobasTan, JurnalTan, dajgufebasTan asocirdeba, cocxal liter-

aturul process rom qmnidnen; asocirdeba mravalferovnebasTan

da WeSmaritad Tavisufal nebasTan, roca mwerali saqmiT fasdebo-

da da Cinovnikuri samsaxuriT ar cdilobda didebis moxveWas. Cveni

mizania, agreTve, im literaturuli procesebis Seswavla-aTviseba,

romlebic kanonzomierad mosdeven evropaSi ociani wlebis avan-

gards. ociani da Semdgomi wlebis monapovarTa aTviseba imitom ki

ar sWirdeba Cvens Taobas, rom iqidan daiwyos, sadac robaqiZes,

galaktons, gafrindaSvils da sxvebs mravalwertili daasmevines,

aramed – imisTvis, rom mtkice safuZveli igrZnos, tradicia igrZ-

nos da, amgvarad, mtkice niadagze mdgomma gauRos kari Tanamedro-

ve msoflio literaturul cxovrebas.

ra xdeba qarTul kritikaSi? cxadia, kritikoss, pirvel rig-

Si, msoflio literaturuli procesis, misi guSindeli dRis, misi

istoriis seriozuli codna moeTxoveba, raTa nebismieri mwerlis

mier gamocemuli axali wigni droulad da obieqturad iqnes gaana-

lizebuli; kritikosma unda warmoaCinos, ra moaqvs axali ama Tu im

mwerals; iqneb mwerali siaxlis saxiT imas gvTavazobs, ramac kai

xania dro moWama? iqneb mwerali informaciis uqonlobis Sedegad

sCadis amas? maSin kritikosma unda Tqvas sityva, raTa mweralma

Zalebi unayofod ar flangos da velosipedis gamogonebas ar Seal-

ios. yvelgan nawarmoebs afaseben ara saSualo literaturis, aram-

128

ed didi literaturis fonze. Cvens kritikosebs urCevniaT isev

mSvidad da Tavis autkieblad weron imaze, rac Tanamedrove lite-

raturis ritmis miRmaa STenili, rasac araferi aqvs saerTo namd-

vil sicocxlesTan. inteleqtualuri da avangarduli nakadis moZa-

leba (sxva yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT) maT SezRudavs da ar

miscems saSualebas TavianTi viwro xedvis areSi moaqcion usaSvel-

od gazrdili da gamravalferovnebuli xelovneba, romelic ur-

Tulesi gzebiT iqneba dakavSirebuli msoflio xelovnebasTan.

Cveni "mamebi", cxadia, xvdebian, rom mweralTa kavSiris diq-

tati didxans ver gastans. rac istoriis kuTvnilebaa, istorias

unda Cabardes. garda amisa, is mainc xom icis yvelam, ra mizniT Sei-

qmna Tavis droze mweralTa kavSiri da ra funqcias asrulebda "geg-

mis gadaWarbebiT".

mwerali mkiTxvelis literaturuli gemovnebis amaRlebas

unda emsaxurebodes, da ara imaze zrunavdes dRe da Ram, Cemi Semo-

qmedeba rac SeiZleba mravalma waikiTxoso. masebis gemovnebas dam-

orCilebuli mwerali, Tavisda uneburad, cud saqmes msaxurebs.

roca mwerali Tavisi mwerluri Rirsebis da prestiJis dasacavad

xels milioniani mkiTxvelisken iSvers da Tavis mniSvnelovnebas

imiT gvimtkicebs, rom misi wignebi elvis siswrafiT qreba daxli-

dan, igi upatiosno mweralia. Cven xom viciT, ra mdgomareobaSia

Cavardnili qarTveli mkiTxveli, rogoria misi gemovneba, ratom

da risTvis yidulobs igi imas, rasac an waikiTxavs da an – ara. Tu

mwerlis Rirebuleba imis mixedviT unda Sefasdes, Tu ramden wu-

TSi qreba misi wigni daxlidan da Sav bazarze ra fasi adevs, maSin

gamodis, rom "mglis biliki" da "monanieba" qarTuli mwerlobis oq-

ros fondSi yofila Sesatani, xolo genialuri iaponeli mwerlis

akutagava riunoskes qarTul enaze mTargmneli amaod garjila,

radgan akutagavas novelebis sakmaod tevadi krebuli qarTul ena-

ze 1987 wels gamoica da jerac daxlze devs.

unda Sevexo kidev erT umniSvnelovanes problemas. ociani

wlebidan moyolebuli, yvelaferi imas emsaxureboda, rom litera-

tura sabWoTa diqtatis marioneti gamxdariyo, da nawilobriv miaR-

wia kidec mizans diqtatorma. am procesSi, bunebrivia, Raribdebo-

da nawarmoebTa azrobrivi Sinaarsi da iqmneboda pirobebi meorexa-

risxovanis, naklebadmniSvnelovanis hipertrofirebisTvis. simd-

idre, romelic saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi dagrovda, memkvidres

129

moiTxovda, rac unda gamoxatuliyo, magaliTad, poeziaSi, axali

Taobebis mier galaktionis, ticianis, paolos da bevri sxva xelova-

nis SemoqmedebaSi arsebuli faruli SesaZleblobebis gaxsnaSi,

memkvidreobiTobis tradiciis ganmtkicebaSi, arsebiTis dacvasa

da ganviTarebaSi. aq, upriania, gavixsenoT grigol robaqiZe: "erT

Tavis leqciaSi iv. javaxiSvili sabuTianad amtkicebda, rom qarTul

arqiteqturaSi "aRnagobas" (agebulebas) hqonda miniWebuli umTav-

resi adgili, "samkauls" ki araaucilebeli. arqiteqtura xom mTeli

xalxis nebisyofas gadmogvcems. am mxriv, metad sagulisxmoa is

faqti, rom Zveli qarTveli xuroTmoZRvari gansakuTrebul yura-

dRebas "aRnagobas" aqcevda da ara "samkauls". magram Tu Cvens dRe-

vandel kulturul Semoqmedebas aviRebT, davinaxavT sruliad sa-

winaaRmdegos: Tanamedrove qarTvelisTvis, pirvelyovlisa, "sam-

kauli" arsebobs da Semdgom "aRnagoba". aviRoT exlandeli qarTu-

li leqsi, es saukeTeso gamomxatveli qarTuli kulturisa. iq mra-

valia "samkauli", xolo sruliad ar aris "aRnagoba" (leqsis tani,

sxeuli, faqtura). romelia aq Cveni sulis safardo? es sakiTxavia.

da swored qarTvelma xelovanma unda gamonaxos saqarTvelos na-

mdvili stili" (gazeTi "saqarTvelo", #257, 1917 w.). ioli warmosad-

genia, gaukuRmarTebulma gzam ra simaRleebi daapyrobina "samka-

uls" da rogor miiviwya "aRnagoba".

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs saukunis dasawyisis

qarTvel mweralTa (da, saerTod, xelovnebis da kulturis moRva-

weTa) orientacia, - mtkice evropeizmi. es iyo uRrmesi analizis

Sedegad miRebuli gadawyvetileba. XX saukunis evropulma kult-

uram Tavis TavSi moicva sakunis yvela siaxle, ZiriTZiramde gaac-

nobiera is krizisi, romelmac adamianis adamianad darCenas Seuqmna

safrTxe, da romlis erT-erTi umTavresi niSani dehumanizaciaa.

dasavleTi naTeli gonebis, pirovnuli individualobis dacvis,

demokratiis simbolod aRiqva ganaTlebulma qarTvelma. aRmosav-

leTSi am dros araferi icvleboda, an Tu icvleboda, mxolod –

stiqiurad. saukunis dasawyisis qarTvelma moRvaweebma icodnen

TavianTi misia: qarTuli xelovnebisTvis Tavidan unda aecilebi-

naT ganviTarebis stiqiuri gza, siaxleTa stiqiurad Semosvlisa

da damkvidrebis gza. amisTvis ki saWiro iyo inteleqtualuri Zal-

ebis mobilizeba. ase, rom saukunis dasawyisis qarTveli moRvawe-

ebi, da kerZod mwerlebi, Rrmad gaazrebuli sistemiT moqmedebd-

130

nen. erTi sityviT, maT icodnen TavianTi saqme.

icis ki Tanamedrove qarTvelma mweralma, sazogadod, Tavisi

saqme? icis ki, ra misia akisria? dRevandel qarTul mwerlobaSi

Seqmnili atmosfero am kiTxvaze dadebiT pasuxs ver mogvcems. sa-

nugeSo araferia.

Cems mier ganxilulma da sxva mravalma mizezma daRi daasva

saukunis dasawyisSi safuZvelCayrili tradiciebis aTvisebis for-

mas. mwerals ufleba mieca imis ganviTarebisa, rac diqtaturis-

Tvis ar iqneboda saSiSi. aviRoT, konkretulad, poezia. is mxolod

im SemTxvevaSi ar iqneboda saSiSi, Tu ar iqneboda "sibrZnis erTi

dargi". galaktionma, rogorc viciT, iseTive ganuzomeli gavlena

iqonia XX saukunis qarTul poeziaze, rogoric rusTavelma – Tavis

Semdgomi epoqebis poeziaze. magram iyo Tu ara es sasikeTo faqti?

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, ar iyo, da ai, ratom: roca mwerloba Tavisi ganvi-

Tarebis bunebriv gzas ar mihyveba, procesi maxinjdeba. ociani wle-

bis Semdeg borkildadebuli qarTveli poetis mier namdvili gala-

ktionis danaxva da aTviseba SeuZlebeli iyo. yvelaferi imas uwyo-

bda xels, rom poets aqcenti mxolod da mxolod galaktionis (da

sxva SemoqmedTa) poeziis formiseul mxareze gaemaxvilebina da

azrobrivi Sinaarsi ganze daetovebina. robaqiZis mier gaanalizebu-

li "samkauli" sxva araferia, Tu ara – hipertrofirebuli forma

(rusTavelis Semdgomac igive daemarTa qarTul poezias, oRond –

gansxvavebul mizezTa gamo). SoTa CantlaZis poezia rom Tavis dro-

ze aRmoeCinaT, qarTuli leqsi besik xaranaulamde, lia sturuamde

da kidev oriode poetamde bevrad adre "gadaxalisdeboda". da kid-

ev: roca literaturuli kritika mowodebis simaRleze ar dgas,

roca aravis da arafers Tavisi saxeli ar hqvia, mwerlobaSi ganukiT-

xaoba batonobs. amitomaa, magaliTad, ase umowyalod rom Zarcvavs

galaktions yvela, visac wera ar ezareba ("artistuli yvavilebis"

gamosvlidan dRemde); amitomaa, uricxvi fsevdoxaranauli da fse-

vdosturua rom gvyavs da yovel maTgans poeti hqvia. cnobilia,

rom gamoCndeba Tu ara xelovnebaSi mniSvnelovani da gansakuTre-

buli figura, romelsac didi saTqmeli moaqvs, mis garSemo Tanda-

TanobiT momravldeba xolme mimbaZvelTa armia da uniWod, magram

mainc, iyenebs novatoris miRwevebs. am faqtSi, TavisTavad, saganga-

So araferia. magram roca proporcia irRveva da saSualoze dabali

niWis kalmosanTa ricxvi matulobs, es damRupvelad moqmedebs

131

literaturis ganviTarebis saerTo procesze. aseT kalmosnebs sa-

lonuri mwerlebi hqviaT. ras niSnavs es cneba da saerTod salon-

uri xelovneba, mSvenivrad aqvs ganmartebuli mxatvrobis mimarT

rus xelovnebaTmcodnes v. beriozinas: "ekleqtikuroba da zedapi-

ruloba, garegnuli efeqturobisken da siuJeturi daZabulobis-

ken swrafva, zogjer maneruloba da stilizatoroba da TiTqmis

yovelTvis mxatvrul amocanaTa siviwrove – ai, met-naklebad Tvis-

obrivi Taviseburebebi im mimdinareobisa XIX saukunis xelovnebaSi,

romelmac miiRo salonuri xelovnebis saxelwodeba. misi aranakl-

eb mniSvnelovani Strixia – farTo publikis gemovnebas damorCil-

ebul naxatebSi udidesi mxatvrebis ferwerul monapovarTa gamoy-

eneba. ase, rom salonuri xelovneba ar aris stili an mxatvruli

mimdinareoba; terminiT "salonuri" gamoxataven calkeul xelov-

anTa Semoqmedebis mimarTulebas. aqedan daskvna: e.w. salonuri fe-

rmwerebi etmasnebian mocemul periodSi gabatonebul an Sedare-

biT gavrcelebul mimarTulebas, ganasaxiereben ra an meorexaris-

xovan warmomadgenlebs, an - epigonebs" (Â. Í. Áåðåçèíà, Ôðàíöóçñêàÿ

æèâîïèñü XIX â., 1987, gv. 41-42).

roca Rirebulebebi aRreulia, roca arafers Tavisi saxeli

ar hqvia, roca saliteraturo kritika sustia, roca namdvili da

salonuri mwerlobis gamijnvaze aravin zrunavs, mSvenieri pirobe-

bi iqmneba salonuri xelovnebis mier Zalauflebis xelSi aRebisT-

vis: ideis nacvlad warmmarTveli xdeba fsevdoidea, xelovnebis

nacvlad – fsevdoxelovneba; aRiareba icvleba marifaTiani mwer-

lis popularobiT.

1973 wels akaki baqraZem kritikaSi Semoitana cneba – garanti-

rebuli saSualos principi, da ase ganmarta: "ras gulisxmobs es

cneba? saSualo Rirsebis nawarmoebis gakeTebas. yvelaferi saSua-

lo iqneba – piesac, dadgmac, aqtiorTa TamaSi(werili Teatraluri

xelovnebis problemebs exeba – d. b.). marTalia, ar iqneba xelovanis

aSkara da mkafio gamarjveba, magram ar iqneba arc aSkara marcxi.

xelovani garantirebulia – marcxisTvis aravin gaakritikebs, mar-

Talia, arc Zalian Seaqeben, magram arc aravin daemuqreba piesis

daubeWdaobiT da speqtaklis moxsniT" (werilSi "aqtualobac aris

da aqtualobac!",citirebulia wignidan "kritikuli gulani", 1977).

xom ar emuqreba mTel qarTul mwerlobas garantirebul sa-

Sualod gadaqcevis saSiSroeba? miuxedavad imisa, rom Svidive aqam-

132

omdeli aTwleuli am wisqvilze asxamda wyals, Tu qarTvel mwer-

alTa umravlesobis neba iqneba, Tu isini inebeben, qarTuli mwerlo-

ba gadarCeba.

qveynad ucvleli araferia. dResdReobiT orTodoqsuli li-

teraturis sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebis erTaderTi, magram erTob

moqnili, saSualebaa yovelgvari siaxlis, gansxvavebulis miCumaTe-

bis gza, wayruebis politika. magram – rodemde?

ivnisi, 1990

180

verlibri da qarTuli leqsis tradicia

XX saukunis qarTul poeziasTan dakavSirebiT CvenSi sali-

teraturo cxovrebis logikiT niSandebuli, magram ideologiiT

arnakarnaxevi, regionalurad farTo masStabis momcveli erTad-

erTi diskusiis gamocdileba arsebobs da igi verlibrTanaa dakav-

Sirebuli. am diskusiam Seulamazeblad, Signidan gviCvena Cveni

drois qarTuli literaturis Teoriuli Tvalsawieri. ZiriTadi

problema, romelic maSin e. w. "verlibristebis" winaSe dadga da

mraval Tanamdev sakiTxad daiSala, anbanuri WeSmaritebebis mtki-

ceba-kompilirebis gziT verlibris kanonierebis dacvaSi mdgomar-

eobda. situaciam bevr arasasiamovno, Tumca ki kanonzomier, tend-

encias misca gasaqani, "verlibristebis" mcire jgufic erTbaSad

iqca mravalricxovan poetur armiad; yvelaferi, rasac masala erq-

va, kritikosebma saliteraturo mniSvnelobiT Semoses; "verlib-

ristoba" saliteraturo statusis utyuar sabuTad iqna miCneuli.

rogorc msgavs SemTxvevebSi xdeba, amjeradac gamorCaT Tu xeli

ar miuwvdaT im dasavlur orientirebze, romelTa SedegebiTac

didad iyvnen davalebulni wamyvani, pirvelxarisxovani qarTveli

"verlibristebi". konteqstis SemozRudvam gza gauxsna martiv, Ti-

Tqmis primitiul "silogizmebs". dakanonda mTavari modeli: poezia

daiyo konvenciur da aratradiciul leqsad. am yalb wanamZRvars

ki yalbi daskvnebis mTeli seria mohyva. magaliTad, "aRmoCnda",

rom Turme verlibri saazrovno, inteleqtualuri, filosofiuri

saxismetyvelebis gacilebiT did SesaZleblobebs flobs, vidre -

konvenciuri leqsi. Sesabamisad: pirvelxarisxovani qarTuli ver-

libri filosofiuri orientaciis leqsad Sefasda. filosofiuri

poeziis tradicia aravis gaxsenebia, arc es cneba ganumartavs vin-

mes, amitom "inteleqtualizmi", "racionalizmi", "meditacia" fil-

osofiurobis aRmniSvnelad iqca. amJamad miRebulia qarTveli "ve-

rlibristebis" poeziis filosofiurobaze, rogorc specifikaze,

saubari. gasakviri ar iqneba, axlo momavalSi besik xaranaulis, lia

sturuas, jarji fxovelis, mamuka wiklauris da sxvebis verlibrs

saerTodac filosofiuri poeziis nimuSebad Tu warmogvidgenen,

amitom mosalodnel tendencias win unda aRudges kritikuli anal-

izi, rac seriozuli samecniero samuSaos Catarebas Tu ara, sakiT-

213

moda da avangardi

(vedeenxa, 1995, 16 seqtemberi)

vedeenxaSi gamarTuli "avangarduli modis asambleis" organ-

izatorebma, rogorc Cans, TviT avangardis samyarosTvis yovlad

zeavangarduli Jestis gakeTeba gadawyvites: scades, daemtkicebi-

naT, rom qveyanaSi, sadac Tanamedrove saxelovnebo strategiebze

warmodgenebs istoriuli avangardis Sesaxeb sacnobaro statiebsa

da leqsikonebSi amokiTxuli informaciebiT iqmnian, sadac calke-

uli adamianebis Zalisxmeva avangardis esTetikis popularizaci-

asa da kulturul agitacias xmardeba, sadac avangarduli urTier-

Tobebis sistema usustesia, sadac dRemde uaxles qarTul litera-

turad saukunis dasawyisis mwerloba saRdeba (am saqmes maRal pro-

fesiul doneze ganamtkicebs, magaliTad Tsu-is "uaxlesi qarTuli

literaturis istoriis kaTedra"), SeiZleba ganxorcieldes avanga-

rduli modis sakonkurso Cvenebis proeqti, am Cvenebam ki xuTi

Rame da samocamde mxatvar-dizaineris, uamravi manekenis da uricx-

vi mayureblis patiosani Sroma moicvas. organizatorebi, albaT,

fiqroben, rom maT mier Catarebulma am uprecedento aqciam pirw-

mindad gaimarjva. raki maTi savaraudo sazeimo fiqrebi naklebad

mainteresebs da verc maT gamarjvebas moutans zians Cemi umweo

skepticizmi, neba momeciT, ramdenime Tvalsazrisi gagiziaroT av-

angarduli modis Temaze da im mizezebzec mivuTiTo, romlebmac

kritikulad ganmawyves Catarebuli RonisZiebis mimarT.

pirvel rigSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom nebismieri moda sistemaa,

modis sistemuroba ki gulisxmobs mkacrad organizebul da ucv-

lel ideologiur principze, modurobis ucvlelobaze dafuZne-

bul instituts. mxolod aseTi ucvlelobis, mudmivobis wyalob-

iTaa SesaZlebeli cvalebadi modis funqcionireba, modis cvaleba-

doba. msgavsi sistemis agresiuli xasiaTi imiTac ganisazRvreba,

rom mis winaaRmdeg wamowyebuli amboxi ganwirulia masSive organu-

li CarTvisTvis, misi ganviTarebis morig etapad gadaqcevisTvis

da modurobis ganmtkicebisTvis. ufro metic, sistema Tavadvea

dainteresebuli masze aqtiuri Setevebis provocirebiT, rac misi

optimaluri funqcionirebis pirobaa, emociuri daZabuloba da ua-

ryofiTi muxti ki modurobisTvis normaluri mdgomareobis Senar-

226

postmoderni da saqarTvelo

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT nebismieri cnebis dazustebis mcdelo-

bisas gaCenad gaurkvevlobebs, gaugebrobebis da pirobiTobebis

simravles, maSin SeiZleba im ormagi pirobiTobis warmodgena, rom-

liTac itvirTeba Tavisi warmoSobis, ganviTarebis, generirebis ko-

nteqsts usamarTlod mowyvetili da Tvisobrivad ucxo kultura-

Si gadatyorcnili cneba. dasaSvebia imis warmodgenac, ra SeiZleba

daemarTos erTi kulturisTvis kanonzomier mTel istoriul peri-

ods, sxva konteqstSi misi transplantirebis an mis paradigmatul

badeze sxva kulturis morgebis survili an miduRebis mcdeloba

roca Cndeba. me vfiqrob, "postmodernis" cneba da "postmodernu-

li kultura" qarTul niadagze (Semovifarglebi Cveni kulturuli

sivrciT) sevdianad iziarebs bevri sxva - dasavluri warmoSobis -

cnebisa Tu kulturis beds. igive daemarTa Tavis droze "renes-

anss", "romantizms", "avangards", "moderns". postmodernuli xelo-

vnebis romelime niSnis, vTqvaT ekleqturobis, mixedviT rom SeiZ-

lebodes teqstis an konteqstis postmodernulobaze msjeloba,

maSin mTeli qarTuli kultura, epoqebis ganurCevlad, postmod-

ernulad unda gamogvecxadebina (albaT, raRac analoguri moxda,

roca Cveni saukunis ormocian wlebSi Seqmnil da "taSdakrul" iqna

"aRmosavluri renesansis" Teoria. rogorc cnobilia, "aRmosavlur

renesansze" fundamenturi gamokvlevebis avtoris, Salva nucubi-

Zis gamocemul Tu gamoucemel tomebSi jerjerobiT veravin miakv-

lia "renesansis" cnebis samecniero gansazRvrebas an ganmartebas,

Tundac pirobiTs. es saidumlo mkvlevarma Tan waritana). saqarT-

veloSi swored am SesaZlo ormagi pirobiTobis ugulebelyofa,

erTis mxriv, xolo Sefasebebis kategoriuloba da identuri anal-

ogebis "aRmoCena" meores mxriv, iqceva xolme saukuno gaurkvevlo-

bebis mizezad (Tu msgavsi praqtikis siZvelec SeiZleba tradiciad

gacnobierdes, maSin aseTi "dazusteba-moZiebis" didi tradicia

gvaqvs). ras vakeTebT, roca ama Tu im winaswar akviatebul modelze

Cveni kulturuli situaciebis morgebis survili gviCndeba? ubra-

lod da saqmiani pirdapirobiT vafarToebT niSnuli cnebis an kul-

turis Sinaarss, anu viwyebT imiT, riTac evropuli cnobiereba amT-

avrebs xolme lokalur-meTodologiur ganviTarebas. ra Tqma un-

235

uzneobis msxverpli

mimdinare wels gazeT "literaturuli saqarTvelos" gver-

debze daibeWda ori Targmnili interviu: alen ginzbergTan (# #2,

1998) da umberto ekosTan (#6, 1998), meoce saukunis ucnobiles

figurebTan. alen ginzbergi, amerikuli kontrkulturis erT-erTi

lideri da bitnikebis bibliis - "Rmuilis" - avtori, swored im kul-

turul, politikur da socialur simaxinjeebs, orazrovnebisa da

konformulobis im suliskveTebas upirispirdeboda, romlis dac-

vasa da adgilobriv, qarTul niadagze ayvavebaSi ukanaskneli roli

sulac ar miuZRvis "literaturul saqarTvelos". alen ginzbergis

cxovreba RirsSesaniSnavia imiTac, rom poeti arasodes qceula

romelime mTavrobis, saxelmwifo moRvawisa Tu politikuri kur-

sis mexotbed, sZulda farisevloba, miTologiuri azrovneba, sic-

rue; roca kontrkulturuli moZraobis oqros xana dasrulda da

mravali lideri kapitalisturi istebliSmentis srulfasovan wev-

rad gadagvarda, ginzbergi aRiarebas da dafasebas ar gaubriyvebia

da konformizmis maskaradSi monawileoba ar miuRia. rac Seexeba

umberto ekos, 60-70-iani wlebis italiuri literaturuli avangar-

dis metrs, semiotikuri kvlevebis erT-erT avtoritetsa da sax-

elganTqmuli romanebis - "vardis saxelisa" da "fukos qanqaras"

avtors ("literaturuli saqarTvelos" sensaciuri versiiT - "fu-

kos Suqura"), misi literaturuli teqstebisa da mravalricxovani

samecniero gamokvlevebis Tema esecaa - ugemovnobisa da ufe-

rulobis, ideologiuri konformizmisa da konÁunqturis is ga-

movlenebi, romlebic ukompromisobis saxeliT iniRbeba. ekos mo-

RvaweobasTan mniSvnelovnadaa dakavSirebuli struqturaliz-

misa da poststruqturalizmis, anu im praqtikebis miRwevebi, rom-

lebic sagangebo analizis sagnad aqcevs iseT miTologemebs, rogo-

rebiTac daxunZlulia "literaturuli saqarTvelos" organizmi;

iseT sametyvelo figurebs, rogorebiTac surnelebs "literatur-

uli saqarTvelo" da teroristul-represiuli ritorikis klasi-

kur nimuSebs warmogvidgens. albaT, igi saqarTveloSi gamocemadi

erTaderTi oficialuri saliteraturo gazeTia, romelsac aravi-

Tari sasikeTo cvlileba ar dastyobia; romelic iseTive ritmiT

muSaobs, rogoriTac aTi-TxuTmeti wlis win muSaobda; romlis sal-

250

"uzneobis msxverpli" swored "trfobawamebulTas" avtors unda daewera

esaubara nana SaraSiZe

- batono daTo, bolo dros "literaturuli saqarTvelos" gve-

rdebze kvlav ganaxlda Tavdasxmebi skandalurad cnobil Tqv-

ens teqstze. batoni Tamaz wivwivaZe qalbaton naira gelaSvils

sayvedurobs, am uxamsobas jiutad icavTo, "kavkasiuri saxl-

is" xelmZRvaneli ki braldebas uaryofs da acxadebs, "trfoba

wamebulTa", marTlac, uxamsobaa, uwmawurobaa da "kavkasiur

saxlTan" am teqstis dakavSireba demagogiaao.

- marTlac demagogiaa. qalbatonma naira gelaSvilma mweralTa kav-

Siris winaaRmdeg mimarTul Tavis pirvelsave werilSi araorazrov-

nad ganacxada, rom Cemi es nawarmoebi ver iZens literaturul Rir-

ebulebas da warmoadgens literaturul marcxs. ufro metic, aRn-

iSnavs, rom uxamsoba TviT batoni Tamaz wivwivaZisgan maqvs naswav-

li. es ganacxadi SemTxveviTi sulac ar yofila, mizanmimarTuli

msjavris xasiaTs atarebda, rac gazeT "7 dRis" gverdebze mimdina-

re wlis 8-9 dekembris nomerSi dabeWdilma werilmac daadastura

(misi avtori, Cemi dakvirvebiT, q-ni naira gelaSvili unda iyos). iq

naTqvamia, rom qarTul literaturaSi uxamsobis damamkvidreblad

tariel Wanturia da Tamaz wivwivaZe iTvlebian, maTi gavlenis qveS

myofi axalgazrda Taobis uxamsobebiT maTive aRSfoTeba ki mxol-

od niRabia wivwivaZelTa (ase weria teqstSi) organuli moTxovni-

lebisa, mudmivad hqondeT sityvieri kavSiri adamianis qveda nawi-

lebTan. ganmartebulia isic, rom am uwmawuri teqstebis avtorebi

"kavkasiuri saxlis" TanamSromlebi ar arian (rac sruli simarT-

lea). Zneli araa "ormagad kodirebuli" am ganacxadis qveteqstSi

garkveva. avtori TiTqos dabejiTebiT amtkicebs erTs, mtkiceba

ki avtorisTvis ufro mniSvnelovani sxva azris "sasxvaTaSorisod",

"bunebrivad" Semoparebasac emsaxureba (aseTi funqciiT datvir-

Tuli winadadebebis Tanmimdevroba momentalurad "ucxovdeba"

sateqsto mTlianobisgan; TiTqos es winadadebebi teqstSi viRacis

mier aris Camatebuli). magaliTad, vkiTxulobT, rom b-n Tamaz wiv-

wivaZes aqvs adamianis qveda nawilTan mudmivi sityvieri kavSiris

moTxovnileba, aqcenti ki imaze keTdeba, rom uxamsi axalgazrda

251

Taoba misi gavlenis qveS imyofeba; vkiTxulobT, rom qarTul lite-

raturaSi uxamsobis damamkvidreblad Tamaz wivwivaZe da tariel

Wanturia iTvlebian, aqcenti ki imaze keTdeba, rom "trfoba wameb-

ulTa" (rogorc erT-erTi rigiTi "wivwivaZelis" mier dawerili te-

qsti) sxva araferia, Tu ara uxamsobis tradiciis gagrZeleba (Cnde-

ba sityva "wivwivaZeli"); vkiTxulobT, rom am "uwmawuri teqstebis"

avtorebi "kavkasiuri saxlis" TanamSromlebi ar arian, aqcenti ki

imaze keTdeba, rom es teqstebi uwmawuri teqstebia. ase "moxerxda"

rigiT uwmawurobad "trfoba wamebulTas" "Camolaboranteba" da

"gavlenis qveS myof axalgazrdebSi" Cemi, rogorc "trfoba wameb-

ulTas" avtoris, gawevrianeba. fsiqoanalizze orientirebuli kri-

tikosi aseT SemTxvevaSi ityoda, rom oponents mosvenebas ukarg-

avs, awvalebs, aRizianebs "trfoba wamebulTas" arseboba da cdil-

obs mis mospobas, gaqrobas, xolo mas mere, rac sakuTar cnobiere-

bas "daamuSavebs", hgonia, rom moaxerxa is, rac misTvis sasurveli

iqneboda; rom arasasurveli teqsti sinamdvilidanac gaqra (Cvens

SemTxvevaSi: rom "trfoba wamebulTa" uxamsobaa da meti araferi).

Tu q-n nairas marTla hgonia, rom am nawarmoebis gaqroba, misi Rire-

bulebis waSla moaxerxa, me mas ver gadavarwmuneb. asea Tu ise, b-ni

Tamaz wivwivaZisa da q-ni naira gelaSvilis mier gamoTqmuli Sefase-

bebi erTmaneTs daemTxva, orive maTganma erTsulovnad dagmo es

teqsti, rogorc gaugonari marcxi, mkrexeloba, uniWoba, pornogra-

fia, uwmawuroba. erTi detalic sainteresoa: mweralTa kavSiris

Tavkaci da "kavkasiuri saxlis" xelmZRvaneli sicrueSic ucnaurad

baZaven erTmaneTs. erTmac icis, rom b-ni Tamaz wivwivaZis mkrexel-

obaTa gavleniT araa dawerili "trfoba wamebulTa" da meoremac

icis, rom q-ni naira gelaSvili sulac ar icavs am nawarmoebs. mokl-

ed, isini Tanabrad cruoben, da maT Tanabrad ician, ratomac cruo-

ben, maTi miznebi amarTlebs saSualebebs.

- Tu nebas damrTavT, aseTi avantÁÁÁÁÁuruli kiTxva unda dagisvaT:

Tqven TviTon rogor SeafasebdiT "trfoba wamebulTas"?

- am nawarmoebis metafora ar gaxlavT erTmniSvnelovani. miuxedav-

ad imisa, rom "literaturuli saqarTvelos" mkiTxveli sazogado-

eba da qarTvel mweralTa umravlesoba mas b-ni Tamaz wivwivaZis

gemovnebiT Sedgenili fragmentuli versiiT gaecno, visac marTla

surda sakuTari azris Seqmna, teqsts sruli saxiT moiZiebda. "tr-

foba wamebulTa" xuT welze meti xnis win daiwera da mas mere orjer

338

pirveli mercxali - avstriuli poeziisocdaaTtomeuli

esaubra nino Cxetia

- batono daTo, Cveni samwerlo cxovrebis sadReiso mdgomareo-

bidan gamomdinare, proeqti, romelzec Tqven amJamad muSaobT

da romelic avstriuli poeziis ocdaaTtomeulis gamocemas

isaxavs miznad, fantastikis sferos ufro mogvagonebs, vidre

realurisas. Cveni mkiTxvelisTvis, albaT, saintereso iqneba

Tqveni proeqtis konkretuli Sinaarsi da isic, Tu rogor mom-

wifda es idea.

- proeqtis Sinaarsi martivia: erTis mxriv, meoce saukunis msoflio

literaturaSi erT-erTi unikaluri fenomenis - avstriuli liri-

kis - gadmoqarTuleba, meores mxriv ki Cveni samwerlo da salite-

raturo Tvalsawieris gafarToeba, qarTuli poeziisTvis farTo

saazrovno konteqstis Seqmnis mcdeloba. proeqtze muSaoba am er-

Ti wlis win, avstriaSi saliteraturo miwveviT yofnis dros, daviw-

ye, magram qarTul enaze evropuli da amerikuli literaturis sis-

temurad Targmnis idea didi xania Cemi fiqris sagania. Tavisuflad

SeiZleboda am saqmis dawyeba franguli, inglisuri, amerikuli poe-

ziis kompleqsuri TargmniT, magram moxda ise, rom pirveli mercx-

lis roli avstriul poezias daekisra, rasac xeli Seuwyo avstriel

literatorebTan Cemma piradma kontaqtma da am proeqtis mimarT

maTma cxovelma interesma. Cems avstriel kolegebs es idea mxol-

od mas mere gavande, roca proeqtis konceptualuri mxare da konk-

retuli gegmari damuSavebuli mqonda da mzad viyavi iseT kiTxveb-

ze pasuxis gasacemad, romlebic nebismieri didi Canafiqris serio-

zulobis Sesamowmeblad daismeba xolme. mxolod mas mere gavuzia-

re Cemi Canafiqri avstriel literatorebs, roca avstriuli poezi-

is mravali, CemTvis manamde ucnobi avtoris Semoqmedebas gavecani

da didi dro davuTme avstriuli poeziis Sesaxeb arsebuli kriti-

kuli literaturis damuSavebas. ra Tqma unda, avstrieli litera-

torebisTvis cnobilia saqarTveloSi arsebuli politikuri da

ekonomikuri situacia da maTTvis Zneli ar aris imis dadgena, Tu

ra fufunebas unda gulisxmobdes CvenSi msgavsi samuSaos Casatare-

blad aucilebeli inteleqtualuri resursebis jer moZieba, mere

339

ki mobilizeba. roca avstriis Sesabamisma organizaciebma nawilob-

rivi finansuri daxmareba aRmiqves, maSinve saqmeze gadavedi da

daviwye mravaltomeulis pirveli aTi wignisTvis avtorTa rCeule-

bis Sedgena. saqme is gaxlavT, rom avstriaSi jerjerobiT ar arseb-

obs iseTi moculobis mravaltomeuli, Cemi proeqtisTvis saxelm-

ZRvanelo nimuSad romlis dasaxvasac SevZlebdi. aris uamravi msx-

viltaniani an ramdenime tomad Sekruli anTologia, magram ara -

iseTi masStaburi, rogoric me Cavifiqre. garda amisa, es anTologi-

ebi Sedgenilia erTmaneTisgan urTierTgamomricxavi principebiT,

da romelime anTologiaSi centraluri figura meore anTologiaSi

periferiaSi inacvlebs an mokrZalebulad aris warmodgenili, imis

mixedviT, SerCeva politikuri niSnis primatiT ganxorcielda, es-

Tetikuris Tu ama Tu im epoqaSi moduri tendenciebis. esTetikuri

niSniT klasificirebul avtorTa bedic Semdgenlis saliteratu-

ro gamocdilebis SinaarsiT da individualuri arCevniT aris gada-

wyvetili da ara raRac erTxel da samudamod dadgenili romeliR-

ac kriteriumebiT. TviT calkeul avtorTa rCeulebic, Tu maincda-

mainc Rrma klasikosTa Txzulebebs ar vigulisxmebT, sxvadasxva

gamomcemlis da Semdgenlis mier erTmaneTisgan sruliad gansxva-

vebul suraTs iZleva. erTi sityviT, mas mere, roca aTamde calkeu-

li avtoris rCeuli leqsebis Cemeuli versiebi Sevadgine, gadavwy-

vite saqarTveloSi ideis gaxmovaneba, paralelurad ki - sxva avto-

rTa rCeulebis Sedgena da gamocemis realizebaze konkretuli

zrunva. mravaltomeulis TiToeuli wignis moculoba orasidan

oTxas gverdamde meryeobs imis Sesabamisad, erT avtors eTmoba

erTi tomi Tu - ramdenime avtors. evropul poeziaSi saetapo mniSv-

nelobis avtorebs TiTo tomi daeTmobaT, sxva SemTxvevebSi erTi

tomi sam an met avtors aerTianebs. Tumca, arc aq arsebobs SerCevis

raRac myari kriteriumi an calsaxa wesi. magaliTad, evropuli an

msoflio masStabebidan gamomdinare, pirvelive tomSi warmodge-

nili ori avtori