DATIA Hound Labs - FINAL 04.10.19 - Read-Onlydatia.org/TreatingMarijuanaLikeAlcohol.pdf ·...

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DATIA Annual Conference | April 2019

Treating Marijuana Like Alcohol: Moving Towards an Impairment-Free Workplace

Dr. Mike Lynn, CEO & Co-Founder of Hound LabsApril 12, 2019

DATIA Annual Conference | April 2019 Page 2

E M E R G E N C Y P H Y S IC IA N – CURREN T• ER doctor at Level 1 trauma center in Oakland• Clinical faculty at UC - San Francisco

V EN TU RE C A P ITA L IST – 1 0 YEARS• Partner for 8 years at $25 billion investment firm• Led investments in med device and bio-pharma

D E P U T Y S H E R IF F (R E S E R V E ) – CURREN T• Alameda County Sheriff’s Office• Fully qualified and active SWAT team member• Tactical and medical responsibilities for team

W H IT E H O U S E F E LLO W• Only physician on Secretary of State Colin Powell’s

policy planning staff during 9/11 attacks• Worked on national protocols for security threats

related to infectious diseases (Anthrax, Smallpox, etc.)• Responsible for evaluating technology to prevent WMD

attacks and respond to biochemical threats

IN F E C T IO U S D IS E A S E B A C K G R O U N D• Fulbright Scholar – Tropical Diseases, Sri Lanka• Watson Fellow – Leprosy, India, Thailand• Echoing Green Fellow – Chagas’ Disease, Bolivia• Staff Physician – Northern Uganda field hospital• World Health Organization

MIKE LYNN, MDC O - F O U N D E R + C E O , H O U N D L A B S


• Marijuana use and public perception

• Impact of marijuana legalization

• Monitoring marijuana use in the workplace

• New technological advancements

• Employer challenges

AGENDA

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MARIJUANA USE AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION


1906

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First alcohol impairment law enacted in the

U.S. for drivers in New Jersey

First BAC limit of 0.15

Many limits dropped from .10 to .08. National

highway funding bill tied to BAC limits.

1970s -1990s

2013National Transportation

Safety Board recommends lowering legal limit from

0.08 to 0.05

Sources: N.Y. Stats 2910, ch. 374, p. 673, 683 §290 (May 31, 1910); responsibility.org

EVOLUTION OF ALCOHOL LAWS

Utah 1st state to drop the legal

limit to .05

2018

1938


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STATE WORKPLACE ALCOHOL LIMITS

Alabama.08

.04 (safety-sensitive)

Arkansas .04

Florida .04

Hawaii .02

Idaho .02

Illinois Public Works .02

Indiana Mining .04

Iowa .02

Kentucky .04

Montana .04

Oklahoma .02

West Virginia Public Works .08

Wyoming .08

ALCOHOL IMPAIRMENT STANDARDS

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1986

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Reagan Administration recommends

workplace drug testing

Drug-Free Workplace Act implemented,

private employers begin drug and alcohol testing

1988 2018

1987

Conrail/Amtrak railroad crash – train operators

tested positive for marijuana

Certain companies eliminate THC testing

WORKPLACE DRUG TESTING


• 52% of American adults have tried marijuana

• 55 million American adults currently use

• 35 million are regular users (1-2x+ per month)

• 72% say regular alcohol use is a greater risk to society

• 33% of teens – and 27% of adults – believe driving stoned is legal in states where recreational marijuana use is legal

• 44% see no health risk to using marijuana

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Sources: Yahoo News/Marist Poll: Weed & The American Family, April 17, 2017. Liberty Mutual Insurance and SADD Teen Driving Study, April/May 2017.

MARIJUANA USAGE & PUBLIC ATTITUDES


1980sTHC content in marijuana ~4%

2018 THC ~17-20%, some products >90%• Bubba’s Deadhead Girl: 80%

• T-Rex: 92%

• Gorilla Glue: 96%

Most research still uses government grown marijuana (THC ~4-7%)

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INCREASING MARIJUANA POTENCY

Bubba’s Deadhead Girl w ith a THC concentration of 80%

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IMPACT OF MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION


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Source: Quest Diagnostics, dtidrugmap.com.

RISING MARIJUANA POSITIVITY RATES

% Workforce Testing Positive for Marijuana

73%

25%

56%

20162013 20152012

State Legalization of Recreational Marijuana (2012)

% increase in marijuana positivity rates (2011-2017)

201720142011

2.2%

1.8%

2.4%

1.4%

1.6%

2.0%

2.6%

2.8%

Washington Colorado US


Source: “Driving under the influence of cannabis among medical cannabis patients with chronic pain,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 195, 1 February 2019, pp. 193-197.

IMPAIRED DRIVING

% Michigan Medical Marijuana Users Reporting:

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Nearly half of recreational marijuana users have gone to work high, and 39% said they have done so once a week.

Source: Instamotor Survey, Jan 25, 2017.

IMPAIRMENT AT WORK


Source: What Will Legal Marijuana Cost Employers, Voluntary Protection Programs Participants’ Assoc. (VPPPA).

Marijuana users skip work nearly twice as often as their peers because “they just didn’t want to be there.”

HIGHER ABSENTEEISM


*Compared with employees who tested negative for marijuana.Source: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-use-affect-school-work-social-life.

INCREASED INJURIES & ACCIDENTS

Employees who tested positive for marijuana*on pre-employment drug tests had…

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MONITORING MARIJUANA IN THE WORKPLACE


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Measuring breath is the only way to measure recent marijuana use. Other testing methods detect marijuana use long after impairment subsides.

Marijuana Detection Windows

TESTING METHODS VS. IMPAIRMENT


NEW TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

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• Ultra-sensitive technology measures THC (the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana) throughout the peak impairment window

• Completed 2nd clinical trial with University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) which validates short duration and extremely low levels of THC in breath

• In addition, the Hound Lab team has conducted thousands of THC breath tests with human subjects

• Technology that balances fairness to employees with the public’s and employer’s safety interests

• In early manufacturing; bringing device to market in 2019

THE HOUND LABS STORY


• The Hound breathalyzer is a point-of-care device that captures breath samples in a single-use disposable cartridge that can be processed on location to determine THC and alcohol levels in breath.

• Users breathe for 1-2 minutes as the device automatically captures two breath samples. The breathalyzer runs a rapid-result test for THC and alcohol on one sample.

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MEASURING THC IN BREATHH O W T H E H O U N D ® B R E A T H A L Y Z E R W O R K S

• Results displayed on breathalyzer screen and saved for future retrieval.

• The 2nd sample automatically saved on the cartridge and can be sent to a 3rd party laboratory for confirmatory testing if required by company drug testing policies.


• Short Window of DetectionTHC degrades quickly in breath and is detectable only for 2-3 hours post smoking

• Hound breathalyzer measures THC in parts per trillion (picograms), providing the ultra-sensitivity required to accurately measure THC in breath

• Up to 1 billion times more “sensitive” than an alcohol breathalyzer

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MEASURING THC IN BREATHW H Y I S I T I M P O R T A N T ?

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• Provides objective data that indicates whether or not THC can be measured in an employee’s breath

• THC can only be measured in breath for 2-3 hours, so if an employee tests positive, he or she smoked marijuana recently

• Positive test result links to peak impairment- NHTSA and global researchers: peak window of impairment is 2-3 hour time period after smoking*

• The Hound breathalyzer does not indicate historic use – an employee will only test positive if marijuana used in the extremely recent past

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*Source: https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/812440-marijuana-impaired-driving-report-to-congress.pdf

MEASURING THC IN BREATHW H A T I T T E L L S Y O U A B O U T I M P A I R M E N T


EMPLOYER CHALLENGES


RECREATIONALLY & MEDICALLY LEGAL

MEDICALLY LEGAL

PENDING 2019 LEGALIZATION• Connecticut• Florida• Illinois

• Minnesota• New Jersey• New Mexico

• Recreational use: 10 states

• Medical use: 34 states

• Pending 2019 legislation: 9 states

• Writing is on the wall

• New York• Rhode Island• Vermont

MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION

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• No national standard for marijuana impairment in the workplace

• Marijuana impairment is time-based – measuring recent use most useful because peak impairment likely in first 2-3 hours after smoking

• However, current drug testing methods result in positive drug tests for employees long after impairment subsides.

• Drug testing policies based on “positive” results are aligned with zero-tolerance workplaces…

• …but with the legalization of marijuana, employers are now primarily concerned with use during work hours and less worried about use after hours

• Employers want to treat employees fairly but have valid concerns about safety, liability, and regulations for safety-sensitive jobs

WHERE WE ARE TODAY3 5 M I L L I O N M A R I J U A N A U S E R S A N D N O S T A N D A R D S

Sources: Yahoo News/Marist Poll: Weed & The American Family, April 17, 2017; NHTSA’s ”Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheet,” April 2014.


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BREATH TESTING BETTER FOR EMPLOYERS

M E T H O DT H C D E T E C T IO N

W IN D O W C O R R E L A T IO N

ORAL FLUID 24 HOURS PAST USE

BLOOD

URINE

2-3 WEEKS

1 MONTH

PAST USE

PAST USE

HAIR 3 MONTHS PAST USE

BREATH 1-3 HOURS PEAK IMPAIRMENT


• How would policies need to change to prevent marijuana use during work hours? Is it necessary to define marijuana impairment at work?

• How can current procedures be adapted to test breath for THC during the critical 2-3 hour window to identify recent use?

• How would immediate, onsite testing for recent marijuana use fit into testing protocol for other drugs?

• What other procedures would need to be modified to balance fairness and safety?

• How does legal marijuana use impact pre-employment testing?

QUESTIONS FOR THE INDUSTRYE V A L U A T I N G H O W M A R I J U A N A D R U G T E S T I N G I S D O N E T O D A Y

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CONTACT INFO

Dr. Mike LynnCEO & Co-Founder, Hound Labs

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.houndlabs.com

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?

mailto:[email protected]

DATIA Hound Labs - FINAL 04.10.19 - Read-Onlydatia.org/TreatingMarijuanaLikeAlcohol.pdf ·...

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