Database Administration (SQL Server).pptx

8/9/2019 Database Administration (SQL Server).pptx

1/43

DatabaseAdministration


2/43

Topics

Database Files and Logs

Database Administration Basics

Creating Databases

Altering Databases and Their Options

Managing Database and Log Size

Manipulating Databases


3/43

Database Files and

Logs

MS SQL Server

Database a collection o! data and theob"ects that represent and interact #ith thatdata

Tables$ vie#s$ stored procedures$ triggers$

and constraints are t%pical database ob"ects A single database server instance can have up

to &'$()( databases$ and each database canhave more than ' billion ob"ects*


4/43

Transaction Logs

histor% o! modi!ications to the database$ and

SQL Server uses it to ensure that a databasehas integrit%

All changes to the database are !irst #rittento the transaction log and then applied to the

database +! the database update is success!ul$ the

transaction is completed and recorded assuccess!ul

+! the database update !ails$ SQL Serveruses the transaction log to restore thedatabase to its original state*

t#ophase

commit

enables SQL Server to restore a databaseautomaticall% in case o! po#er !ailure$ server

outage$ or other problems that might occur #hen%ou enter a transaction*


5/43

Database Files

Primary data files

,ver% database has one primar% data !ile* A primar% data

!ile stores data and maintains records o! other !iles used ina database* B% de!ault$ primar% data !iles end #ith the*md! e-tension*

Secondary data files

These !iles store additional data !or a database* Althoughnot all databases have secondar% data !iles$ a singledatabase can have multiple secondar% data !iles* B%de!ault$ these !iles end #ith the *nd! e-tension*

Transaction log files

,ver% database has at least one transaction log !ile* This!ile contains in!ormation necessar% to restore thedatabase* B% de!ault$ log !iles end #ith the *ld! e-tension*


6/43

DatabaseAdministration Basics

.ou can use SQL Server Management

Studio to carr% out tas/s such as the!ollo#ing0

1ie#ing database in!ormation Chec/ing user and s%stem databases ,-amining database ob"ects


7/43

1ie#ing Database+n!ormation

SQL Server organizes

in!ormation using a topdo#nhierarch% that starts at thehighest level #ith server groups

and then moves do#n toservers$ databases$ schemas$and ob"ects


8/43Database Properties

2rovides general database in!ormation$ such as status$ o#ner$date created$ size$and space available* This page also details the last bac/up date and collationsetting*

General

2rovides details on the data and log !iles associated #ith the database* +! thedatabase has been con!igured !or !ullte-t search$ the 3se FullTe-t +nde-ingchec/ bo- is selected* Catalog !iles associated #ith the database are not listed*

Files

Lists the !ilegroups associated #ith the database and allo#s %ou to add or remove!ilegroups*

Filegroups

2rovides controls !or vie#ing and managing standard database options andsettings*

Options

2rovides controls !or vie#ing and managing changetrac/ing settings*

Change Tracing


9/43

Lists users or roles that have speci!ic permissions allo#ed or denied inthe database* Also allo#s %ou to set database permissions !or users or

roles*

Permissions

2rovides controls !or vie#ing and managing e-tended databaseproperties*

!"tended Properties

2rovides controls !or vie#ing and managing database mirroring settings*

#irroring

Details the current log shipping con!iguration 4i! an%5 and allo#s %ou tomanage log shipping*

Transaction Log Shipping


10/43

1ie#ing Database+n!ormation 3sing TSQL

TSQL is an enhanced version o! the standard structured 6uer%

language that SQL Server uses

+n SQL Server Management Studio$ access the Quer% vie# b%rightclic/ing the name o! a server %ou have connected toalread% in the Ob"ect ,-plorer vie# and selecting 7e# Quer%*

sp8helpdb 9dbname:

go


11/43

Checing the SystemDatabases

*S%stem databases are critical to the proper

operation o! SQL Server$ and an important

aspect o! the administration process is bac/ingup and maintaining these databases*


12/43


13/43

,-amining Database

Ob"ects

Certi!icates

Constraints

De!aults

+nde-es

;e%s

Stored procedures and e-tended stored procedures

Tables


14/43

Database Diagrams Contains visual diagrams o! a database and thein!ormation it contains* 3se Database Designer to create and manage

diagrams*

Tables Contains s%stem and user tables* S%stem tables are used !or man%purposes$ including database mail$ database maintenance plans$replication$ bac/up and restore$ and log shipping* S%stem tables should notbe modi!ied directl%*

$ie%s Contains s%stem and user vie#s* Standard vie#s combine data !romone or more tables to ma/e #or/ing #ith the data easier* +nde-ed vie#shave uni6ue clustered inde-es to improve 6uer% per!ormance* 2artitionedvie#s "oin horizontall% partitioned data !rom tables on one or more servers*

Synonyms Contains s%non%ms$ #hich are alternate names !or schemascoped ob"ects* Applications can use s%non%ms to re!er to ob"ects in thedatabase abstractl%* .ou can then change the underl%ing name o! theob"ect #ithout having to modi!% the application programming*


15/43

Programmability Contains nodes used to represent most programmableob"ect t%pes and subt%pes$ including stored procedures$ !unctions$triggers$ assemblies$ data t%pes$ rules$ and de!aults* This node also

contains plan guides*

Ser&ice Broer Contains Service Bro/er


16/43

Plan Guides' BroerPriorities ( Full )te"t

stoplists

Bro/er 2riorities

Bro/er priorities de!ine a priorit% level andthe set o! criteria !or determining #hichService Bro/er conversations to assign thepriorit% level

Servicer Bro/er assigns the priorit% level toan% conversation endpoint that uses the samecombination o! contracts and services thatare speci!ied in the conversation priorit%*


17/43

Plan Guides

*.ou can create plan guides to help optimize

6ueries that are not per!orming as e-pected*

*%ou can speci!% the TSQL statement that %ou#ant to be optimized and either an O2T+O7

clause that contains the 6uer% hints %ou #ant

to use or a speci!ic 6uer% plan %ou #ant to use

to optimize the 6uer%


18/43

* Types of Plan Guides


19/43

Full+te"t stoplists


20/43

Creating Databases


21/43

Creating Databases


22/43

Creating Databases


23/43

Creating Databases

*=indo#s collation names have t#o

components0 a collation designator and a

comparison st%le*collation designator speci!ies the alphabet or

language #hose sorting rules are applied #ith

dictionar% sorting and the code page to use

#hen storing non3nicode character data


24/43


25/43

Creating Databaseusing T+S,L


26/43

*3S, MAST,>

*?O

*C>,AT, DATABAS, Sample

*O7

*2>+MA>.

*4 7AM, @ Sample$

*F+L,7AM, @ c0datasampledat*md!$

*S+, @ EEMB$

*MAS+, @ 37L+M+T,D$

*F+L,?>O=TG @ EH5$

*4 7AM, @ Sample'$

*F+L,7AM, @ c0datasampledat'*nd!$

*S+, @ EEMB$

*MAS+, @ 37L+M+T,D$

*F+L,?>O=TG @ EH5

*LO? O7

*4 7AM, @ SampleLog$*F+L,7AM, @ c0datasamplelog*ld!$

*S+, @ &MB$

*MAS+, @ 37L+M+T,D$

*F+L,?>O=TG @ IMB5

*?O


27/43

Altering Databases


28/43


29/43

Con!iguring AutomaticOptions


30/43



31/43


Auto Shrin -auto.shrin/

=hen this option is set to T>3,$ dataand log !iles are reduced in size andcompacted automaticall%* =henrecords are deleted or purged$ SQLServer automaticall% reduces the sizeo! data or log !iles or both !ile t%pes*


32/43


Auto 0pdate Statistics

-auto.update.statistics/

=hen this option is set to T>3,4the de!ault5$ e-isting statistics

are updated automaticall% i! datain the related tables changes*


33/43


Auto 0pdate Statistics Asynchronously

-auto.update.statistics.async/ =hen this option is set to T>3,$

6ueries that initiate an automaticupdate o! outo!date statistics do not

#ait !or the statistics to be updatedbe!ore compiling*


34/43

Configuring

Parameteri1ation

SQL Server can use parameters in TSQL statementsto increase the abilit% o! the relational engine tomatch ne# SQL statements #ith e-isting$ previousl%compiled e-ecution plans*

2arameterization Option

S+M2L, SQL Server parameterizes ver% !e# classes o!

6ueries and disables !orced parameterization* FO>C,D

an% literal value that appears in a S,L,CT$+7S,>T$ 32DAT,$ or D,L,T, statementsubmitted in an% !orm is converted to a

parameter during 6uer% compilation*


35/43

Configuring CursorOptions

Cursors are used #ith stored

procedures$ #ith triggers$and in batch scripts to ma/ethe contents o! a result set

available to other statements


36/43

Configuring Cursor

Options

Close Cursor On Commit !nabled-cursor.close.on.commit/

=hen this option is set to T>3,$ open cursors are closedautomaticall% #hen a transaction is committed or rolled bac/*

Default Cursor -cursor.default/

LOCAL$ cursors are created #ith local scope unless other#ise speci!ied*

As a result$ the cursor name is valid onl% #ithin this scope* ?LOBAL$

cursors not e-plicitl% set to LOCAL are created #ith a global scopeand can be re!erenced in an% stored procedure$ batch$ or triggerthat the connection e-ecutes*


37/43

Controlling 3ser Access

and Database State

+n SQL Server ManagementStudio$ %ou can control thegeneral state o! the database$including #hether the database

is readonl% or read#rite and#ho has access to thedatabase*


38/43

>,AD8O7L.$

%ou can read data but not modi!% it* .ou use this option to prevent users !romchanging data and modi!%ing database con!iguration settings*

>,AD8=>+T,$ 7ormal Mode$ #hich allo#s the database to be read and modi!ied*

S+7?L,83S,>$

onl% the database o#ner can access the database* .ou use this option #hen%ou are modi!%ing a database and #ant to bloc/ access to it temporaril%*

>,ST>+CT,D83S,>$

onl% members o! the db8o#ner$ dbcreator$ or s%sadmin roles can use thedatabase

M3LT+83S,>$

all users #ith the appropriate permissions to connect to the database arepermitted to use it*

Database State


39/43

Con!iguring >ecover%$ Logging$ and Dis/ +JO ,rror

Chec/ing Options

+n SQL Server Management Studio$ %oumanage recover% settings b% using the>ecover% Model and 2age 1eri!% settingson the Options page

+n TSQL$ %ou manage these options b%

using the ALT,> DATABAS, S,T >,CO1,>.and ALT,> DATABAS, S,T 2A?,81,>+F.commands


40/43

Con!iguring >ecover%$ Logging$ and Dis/ +JO ,rror

Chec/ing Options

F0LL =hen recover% is set to F3LL$ transactions are !ull% loggedand the database can be recovered to the point o! !ailure or to aspeci!ic point in time using the transaction logs

B0L2.LOGG!D =hen recover% is set to B3L;8LO??,D$ certainSQL commands are not logged in the transaction log* Thesecommands include using S,L,CT +7TO and B3L; +7S,>T #ith apermanent table$ running !ast bul/ cop%$ using 32DAT,T,T or

=>+T,T,T #ithout logging$ and using a table load*

S3#PL! =hen recover% is set to S+M2L, 4previousl% managed usingtrunc*log on ch/pt5$ the transaction log can be truncatedautomaticall%* This setting allo#s the log to be cleared a!ter

transactions have been committed*


41/43

Dis 34O !rrors

Dis/ +JO errors can causedatabase corruption problemsand are usuall% the result o!po#er !ailures or dis/ hard#are

!ailures that occur at the timea page is #ritten to dis/*


42/43

Dis 34O !rror

three page veri!ication options to help identi!%incomplete +JO transactions caused b% dis/ +JOerrors0

C5!C2S0# are used to !ind incomplete +JO transactionscaused b% dis/ +JO errors* The chec/sum is computed overthe contents o! the entire page and stored in the pageheader #hen a page is #ritten to dis/*

TO67.PAG!.D!T!CT3O7' a bit is reversed !or each I'b%te sector in an K;B database page #hen the page is#ritten to dis/

7O7!$ !uture data page #rites #ill not contain achec/sum or torn page bit$ and pages #ill not be veri!iedat read time$ even previousl% #ritten pages that contain a

chec/sum or torn page bit*


43/43

Database Administration (SQL Server).pptx

Documents

Transcript of Database Administration (SQL Server).pptx