data sources to measure migration: an introduction€¦ · Data quality adjustment/caution to meet...
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Statistics Division http://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics Regional workshop on strengthening the collection and use of international migration data in the context of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development 5 – 8 February 2019; Bangkok, Thailand Session 7 Administrative data sources to measure migration: an introduction Sharita Serrao
Transcript of data sources to measure migration: an introduction€¦ · Data quality adjustment/caution to meet...
Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Regionalworkshoponstrengtheningthecollectionanduseofinternationalmigrationdatainthecontextofthe2030Agendaforsustainabledevelopment
5– 8February2019;Bangkok,Thailand
Session7
Administrativedatasourcestomeasuremigration:anintroduction
SharitaSerrao
Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Administrativedataindispensableformigrationstatistics?
Diversesources Standardsset:existingtoolstoperformstatutorygovt.procedures Available/accessible Updatedregularlywithnewevents Recordingcouldbeeasierwithuseofelectronicformats
Ifcomplete,couldprovidefullcoverage Widerangeofinformation Potentialfordisaggregatedinformation(multiplecharacteristics) PotentialforlinkingregistersusinguniqueIDs
Verifiable,oftendocument‐supported Reuseofinformation,minimal/noadditionalcosts
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
However… Notalwaysdesignedforstatisticalpurposes
Dataqualityadjustment/cautiontomeetstatisticalneeds Under/multiple‐countingandreporting Limitedcomparability Datainfluencedbychangeinlegislation …..
Datasharingagreements Legalframework(e.g.StatisticalAct) Mechanism/protocol Level:micro‐data,aggregates…
Limitedofficialcollection/reportingindevelopingcountries
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
• Passportcontrol• Landing/arrival/departurecards• Surveysofinternationalpassengers
1.Administrativeregisterse.g.• Populationregistersatcurrentplaceof
residence• Registersofforeigners
2.Specializedregistrationsystems• Specificcategoriesofmigrantsand
associatedevents:entry/exitvisas,workpermits,residencepermits,healthinsurance,taxationsystems,asylumapplications,students…
3.Collectionofinformationattheborder
LONG‐TERMMIGRANTS
SHORT&LONG‐TERMMIGRANTS
SHORT&LONG‐TERMMIGRANTS
Typesofadministrativedatasources
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Towhatextentaretheyfitforstatisticalpurposes?
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
• Differentlevelsofdecentralizeddata• Rangeofinformation:(parentalplaceofbirth,immigrantbackground,stockofforeigners,demographicevents…)
• LinkingbetweenregistersusinguniqueID• Infoonsomepopulationgroupsnotincludedinaggregatefigures
• Timelag:timeofmovevs.timeofregistration
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
• Wide‐coverageofmigrantsofdifferenttypes/events
• Multiplecounting/under‐counting• Relativereliabilityofvisastatistics?• Incomplete/incorrectdataentries&omissionofvariables
• Largelybasedon“reported”migrationevents(e.g.under‐estimationoflabouremigration)
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
• Canreflectactualmovementwithhigherlevelofaccuracy(timing,modeoftransport,portofentry/departure..)
• Largevolumeofmovementcanaffectreliabilityofinformation
• Accuracyofdatainputsreliesonborderofficers• Flowsdonotnecessarilyreflect“true”migrants• Datalargelytrackspassengertraffic&detectedviolationsrelatedtoentry/exitlegislation
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
TypesofadministrativesourcescommonlyusedformigrationstatisticsinAsia‐Pacific*
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Bordercontrol
Health/medicalrecords
Education/schoolrecords
Taxand/orsocialsecurityrecords
Exitpermit
Residentpermit
Workpermit
Populationregisters
Registersofworkersabroad
Registersofasylumseekersandrefugees
Registersofforeigners
Numberofcountriesmakinguseofaspecifictype(/7)
Onlyonetypeusedinsomecountries.
Integrationataggregated(macro)levelinonly2countries.
Mostlyaggregateddataaredisseminated.
Findingsofthe“ToolkittoassessNationalMigrationDataCapacity”(responsesfrom8ESCAPmemberStates+Jordan)
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Off‐settinglimitationsofadministrativesources(1)
UniqueIDs: Linkregisters Distinguishindividualsfrommovementevents
Qualitychecks(input,admintostatisticaldata,output): Readability,consistencychecks,completeness,timeliness,
interoperability... E.g.Built‐inclassifiers/dictionaries;Logicalchecks
In‐countrycollaboration/dataexchange:b/wNSOandagenciesreaponsibleforcollectingdataonpopulationmovements: StatisticalActtosupport Variables,partiesinvolved,frequency,format,andmeansof
exchange? Confidentialityconcerns
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Off‐settinglimitationsofadministrativesources(2)
Cross‐countrychecks: Comparisonofimmigrationdata(e.g.workpermits
issued)withemmigrationdata(e.g.individualswholeftforworkpurposes)
Irregularmigration;legalizeandprotectrights
Dataintegration:combination/compilationofdata Non‐reportedevents:coverageandaccuracyof
migrationstockandflowdata Describeadditionaldimensions
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Goodpracticeexamplesincompilation,disseminationanduseofadministrativedataformigration
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
RussianFederationone‐stop‐shoponmigrationdata(usingmultipleadminsources)
FederalMigrationService
Registrationofresidentpopulation(citizens&foreigners)
Work&residencepermits;regulates
asylum&naturalization Electronicsystemsforregistrationofmigrants
Automatedinfosystems: CentralDataBankofForeigners
&StatelessPersons(CDBFSP); Russianpassport;Internally
displacedpersons;Citizenship
Dataavailabletoexternaluserson
requestMoredetailed
statisticalinformationfromCDBFSPor
statisticalexcerptsonindividualrequests
Monthlyupdatesonthewebsite
SourceforstatisticalreportsUNESCAP2016<https://www.unescap.org/resources/migration‐data‐needs‐and‐availability‐north‐and‐central‐asia‐english‐Russian> 13
Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Philippines:compilationofstatisticsonoverseasworkers(usingregistrationdataoftheCommissiononFilipinosOverseas)(1)StatisticsprofileofRegisteredFilipinoEmigrants MappingofOverseasFilipinosby
destinationcountry
StatisticsprofileofFilipinoAuPairs
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Philippines:compilationofstatisticsonoverseasworkers(usingregistrationdataoftheCommissiononFilipinosOverseas)(2)
https://www.cfo.gov.ph/images/pdf/2017/2015compendiumstats‐insidepages‐2017‐06‐29.pdf
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Canada:EducationalattainmentlevelandearningsofimmigrantchildrenbycategoryoftheiradmissionintoCanada(usingdatafromImmigrantLandingFileandNHS2011)
AdmissionclassHigh‐schoolgraduation
rate(%)
Universitycompletionrate(%)
Earningsamongnon‐trivialearners(2010constant$)
Skilled‐workerclass 96.2 49.7 46,400
Businessclass 97.8 58.9 46,700
Live‐incaregiverclass 93.3 19 33,500
Familyclass 88.3 21.3 39,200
Government‐assistedrefugees 91 28.7 41,100
Privatelysponsoredrefugees 91.2 31.7 43,900
RefugeeslandedinCanada 91.4 29.4 35,400
Otherrefugeesandhumanitarianclass 89.5 25.8 36,400
Others 88.6 34.8 44,000
Classnotidentified 88 31.2 43,400
Secondgeneration 94.9 40.6 49,600
Thirdgenerationorhigher 88.8 24.4 46,100
StatisticsCanada,2016
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
USA:Refugeecontributionintaxesvis‐à‐visrelocationbenefits&publicassistance(usingdatafromBureauofPopulationRefugeesandMigration,federalandstatedatabases,andAmericanCommunitySurvey)
NationalBureauofEconomicResearch,2017
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Statistics Divisionhttp://www.unescap.org/our-work/statistics
Understandingmigrationtrendsandbraindrainamonghighlyskilledworkers‐‐ inventors(usingdatafrominternationalpatentapplications)
WIPO,2013.WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization,2013
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