Data Points Social Determinants of...

D AV I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S

Social Determinants of Health

Data Points

August 2018

KEM C. GARDNER POLICY INSTITUTE

We are an honest broker of

INFORMED RESEARCH

that guides

INFORMED DISCUSSIONS

and leads to

INFORMED DECISIONS™

Social Determinants of HealthWhat are social determinants of health?The majority of a person's health is impacted by factors outside of the health care system: genetics, social, environmental, and behavioral. Social determinants

of health are the conditions in which people are born, live, learn, work, and play that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes. (HealthyPeople.gov)

Utility Needs

PrimarySecondary

Income & Employment

Family & Social Support

Food Insecurity

Housing Instability

Health Behaviors

Education

Interpersonal Violence

Transportation

Source: Intermountain Healthcare.

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute 1

Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy at Birth by Utah Small Area, 2012-2016

Note: Life expectancy can be used to gauge the overall health of a community. Source: Center for Health Data and Informatics, Utah Department of Health.

2 Social Determinants of Health

Note: Life expectancy can be used to gauge the overall health of a community. Source: Center for Health Data and Informatics, Utah Department of Health.

Education

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

Utah’s Educational Attainment Age 25 Years and Older, 2016Utah’s Educational Attainment Age 25 Years and Older, 2016

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Census Below poverty is de�ned as having poverty status anytime in the previous 12 months. Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty.

8.4%

22.9%

36.8%

31.9%

21.0%

28.5%

34.1%

16.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college, Associate's degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

General Population Population Below Poverty

Note: Poverty is defined as having poverty status anytime in the previous 12 months. Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

Utah’s Percent of Population in Poverty, 2016

PovertyUtah’s Percent of Population in Poverty, 2016

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 2016 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates

10.2%

26.4%

30.9%

16.9% 19.7%

25.7%

15.9%

22.5%

9.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

White alone Black or African

American alone

American Indian and

Alaska Native alone

Asian alone NativeHawaiian

and Other Paci�c Islander

alone

Some other race alone

Two or more races

Hispanic or Latino

origin (of any race)

White alone, not Hispanic

or Latino

Race Ethnicity


More jobs than 2007

Fewer jobs than 2007

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages data.

Employment Opportunities

Job Growth and Decline: Change in employment since 2007 peak, Q4 2007 – Q4 2017


Housing

Note: At the national level, 12.9% of the total population is food insecure and 17.5% of children are food insecure.Source: Feeding America, Map the Meal Gap.

Percent of Total Population with Food Insecurity in Utah, 2016

Percent of Children with Food Insecurity in Utah, 2016

Percent of Population with Food Insecurity in Utah, 2016

Source: Feeding America Map the Meal Gap.

Shares of Minority Growth by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2016-2017

12.5%

Overall, 382,490

Children, 142,320

15.4%

Percent of All Households with Severe Housing Cost Burden by Income in Utah

Households % of Median Income

Hoseholds with Severe Cost Burden

Total Households

% with Severe Cost Burden

All Households Below the Median<30% 60,570 95,490 63.4%

30% = <50% 27,995 99,805 28.0%51% = <80% 13,265 165,660 8.0%

81% = <100% 3,315 106,935 3.1%All Households Above the Median Income

>100% 3,290 428,305 0.08%

Note: A household that pays 50 percent or more of their income on housing costs is considered severely cost burdened. Source: HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), https://huduser.gov/portal/datasets/cp.html#2006-2014.

Food Insecurity


Race/Ethnicity

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, June 2018.

Note: NH = Non-Hispanic or Latino. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, June 2018.

Total population change: 60,585

Population Growth by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 to 2017

Non-Hispanic

White 59%

Minority 41%

Hispanic58%

NH Black 7%

NH American Indian or

Alaska Native 2%

NH Asian 15%

NH Native Hawaiian or

Paci c Islander

4% NH Two or

More Races 14%


Crime

Crime rate includes homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.Source: 2016 Crime in Utah Report. Utah Department of Public Safety.

Crime Rates per 1,000 Population, 2016


Health Care Responsibility

Source: Bringing Value Into Focus: The State of Value in U.S. Health Care. (2017). University of Utah Health. Data from University of Utah Health Value in Health Care Survey. Conduct-ed by Leavitt Partners between May 25 and July 14, 2017. Question response size: patients - 1,607; physicians - 345; employers - 216. Survey participants were asked this as a follow up question if they selected “My Health Improves” as one of the top five statements that best reflects what they value most when getting services from a health care provider.

ReferencesEgede, L. (2006). Race, Ethnicity, Culture, and Disparities in Health care. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 21(6): 667-669.Gundersen, C., Ziliak, J. (2015, November). Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes. Health Affairs, 34(11): Food & Health.Marmot MG, Wilkinson RD, editors. (2006). Social Determinants of Health, 2nd Edition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.National Center for Health Statistics. (2017). Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. Hyattsville, MD: U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Robinson, F., Keithley, J. (2000). The Impacts of Crime on Health and Health Services: A Literature Review. Health, Risk & Society, 2(3), 253-266. Social Determinants of Health. (2018, July 25). Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-

determinants-of-health

Who is primarily responsible for improving health?

Source: The State of Value in U.S. Health Care. University of Utah Health.

45%

44%

9%

2%

Patients 39%

25%

23%

4% 9%

Employers

The Patient The Health Care Provider The Health Care System The Insurance Company The Employer

15%

75%

8%

2%

Physicians

Who is primarily responsible for improving health from the perspective of patients, physicians, and employers?


Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Staff and AdvisorsLeadership TeamNatalie Gochnour, DirectorJennifer Robinson, Associate DirectorDianne Meppen, Director of Survey ResearchPamela S. Perlich, Director of Demographic ResearchJuliette Tennert, Director of Economic and

Public Policy ResearchJames A. Wood, Ivory-Boyer Senior Fellow

Faculty AdvisorsAdam Meirowitz, Faculty AdvisorMatt Burbank, Faculty Advisor

Senior AdvisorsJonathan Ball, Office of the Legislative Fiscal AnalystGary Cornia, Marriott School of BusinessDan Griffiths, Tanner LLCRoger Hendrix, Hendrix ConsultingJoel Kotkin, Chapman UniversityDarin Mellott, CBREDerek Miller, World Trade Center UtahChris Redgrave, Zions BankBud Scurggs, Cynosure GroupWesley Smith, Western Governors University

StaffSamantha Ball, Research AssociateMallory Bateman, Research Analyst DJ Benway, Research AnalystMarin Christensen, Research Associate Mike Christensen, Scholar-in-ResidenceJohn C. Downen, Senior Managing EconomistDejan Eskic, Senior Research AnalystEmily Harris, Demographic AnalystMichael T. Hogue, Senior Research StatisticianMike Hollingshaus, DemographerThomas Holst, Senior Energy Analyst Meredith King, Research Coordinator Colleen Larson, Administrative ManagerShelley Kruger, Accounting and Finance ManagerJennifer Leaver, Research AnalystAngela Oh, Senior Managing Economist Levi Pace, Senior EconomistJoshua Spolsdoff, Research Economist Laura Summers, Senior Health Care AnalystNicholas Thiriot, Communications Director Natalie Young, Research Analyst

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Thomas S. Monson Center I 411 E. South Temple Street

Salt Lake City, UT 84111 I 801-585-5618 I gardner.utah.edu

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S U N I V E R S I T Y O F U T A H

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Health Care Advisory CouncilNathan CheckettsEdward ClarkJoseph Miner

Mikelle MoorePhillip SingerEric Hales

Stephen L. WalstonChad Westover

Partners in the Community The following individuals and entities help support the research mission of the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute.

Legacy Partners

The Gardner CompanyIntermountain HealthcareKSL and Deseret NewsLarry H. & Gail Miller Family FoundationMountain America Credit UnionMitt and Ann Romney Salt Lake City Corp.Salt Lake CountyUniversity of Utah HealthUtah Governor’s Office of

Economic DevelopmentZions Bank

Executive Partners

The Boyer CompanyIvory HomesMark and Karen BouchardSalt Lake ChamberSorenson Impact CenterWCF Insurance

Sustaining Partners

Clyde CompaniesDominion EnergyStaker Parson Companies

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Advisory BoardConveners

Michael O. LeavittMitt Romney

Board

Scott Anderson, Co-ChairGail Miller, Co-ChairDoug AndersonDeborah BayleCynthia A. BergRoger BoyerWilford ClydeSophia M. DiCaroCameron DiehlLisa EcclesSpencer P. EcclesMatt EyringKem C. GardnerChristian Gardner

Clark IvoryRon JibsonMike S. LeavittKimberly Gardner MartinDerek Miller Ann MillnerSterling Nielsen Cristina OrtegaJason PerryGary B. PorterTaylor RandallJill Remington LoveBrad RencherJosh RomneyCharles W. SorensonJames Lee SorensonVicki VarelaRuth V. WatkinsTed WilsonNatalie Gochnour, Director

Ex Officio

Senator Orrin HatchGovernor Gary HerbertSpeaker Greg HughesSenate President Wayne

NiederhauserRepresentative Brian KingSenator Gene DavisMayor Ben McAdamsMayor Jackie Biskupski

Data Points Social Determinants of...

Documents

Transcript of Data Points Social Determinants of...