Data Link Layer5-1 Link Layer and LANs Partly adapted from slides for Computer Networking: A Top...

Data Link Layer 5-1

Link Layer and LANs

Partly adapted from slides for Computer Networking A Top Down Approach 5th edition Jim Kurose Keith Ross Addison-Wesley April 2009

Internet protocol stack

application supporting network applications FTP SMTP HTTP

transport process-process data transfer TCP UDP

network routing of datagrams from source to destination IP routing protocols

link data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet 802111 (WiFi) PPP

physical bits ldquoon the wirerdquo

application

transport

network

link

physical

Zhang Net Admin Spring 2012

source

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

HtHn M

segment Ht

datagram

destination

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

HtHnHl M

HtHn M

Ht M

M

networklink

physical

linkphysical

HtHnHl M

HtHn M

HtHn M

HtHnHl M

router

switch

Encapsulationmessage M

Ht M

Hn

frame


layer-2 packet is a frameencapsulates datagram

Data Link Layer 5-4

Link Layer Terminology

Nodes hosts and routers Links communication

channels that connect adjacent nodes along communication path wired or wireless links

data-link layer has responsibility of transferring datagram from one node to physically adjacent node over a link

Data Link Layer 5-5

Where is the link layer implemented in each and every node link layer implemented

in ldquoadaptorrdquo (aka network interface card NIC) Ethernet card PCMCI card

80211 card implements link physical

layer attaches into hostrsquos

system buses combination of

hardware software (driver) firmware

controller

physicaltransmission

cpu memory

host bus (eg PCI)

network adaptercard

host schematic

applicationtransportnetwork

link

linkphysical

Data Link Layer 5-6

Adaptors Communicating

sending side encapsulates datagram

in frame adds error checking bits

rdt flow control etc

receiving side looks for errors rdt flow

control etc extracts datagram passes

to upper layer at receiving side

controller controller

sending host receiving host

datagram datagram

datagram

frame

Data Link Layer 5-7

Two types of ldquolinksrdquo

point-to-point PPP for dial-up access point-to-point link between Ethernet switch and host

broadcast (shared wire or medium) old-fashioned Ethernet 80211 wireless LAN

shared wire (eg cabled Ethernet)

shared RF (eg 80211 WiFi)

shared RF(satellite)

humans at acocktail party

(shared air acoustical)

router

Point-to-point link

Outline General link layer topics

Service Link layer address (MAC) ARP shared-link and Multiple Access Control

8023 Ethernet Overview Bus topology starttopology switch

80211 Wireless LAN AP CSMACD association wireless router

Point-to-Point Link Layer protocols NICNetwork configuration in Linux

Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9

Link Layer Services framing link access

encapsulate datagram into frame adding header trailer Multiple channel access if shared medium ldquoMACrdquo addresses used in frame headers to identify source

dest error detectioncorrection (without retransmission) reliable delivery between adjacent nodes

seldom used on low bit-error link flow control

pacing between adjacent sending and receiving nodes half-duplex and full-duplex

with half duplex nodes at both ends of link can transmit but not at same time

MAC Addresses and ARP

MAC (or LAN or physical or Ethernet) address function get frame from one interface to another

physically-connected interface (same network) 48 bit MAC address (for most LANs)

bull burned in ROM allocation administered by IEEE

bull manufacturer buys portion of MAC address space MAC flat address portability

can move LAN card from one LAN to another IP hierarchical address NOT portable

address depends on IP subnet to which node is attached

Data Link Layer 5-10


LAN Addresses and ARPEach adapter on LAN has unique LAN address

Broadcast address =FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN(wired orwireless)


ARP Address Resolution Protocol

Each IP node (host router) on LAN has ARP table IPMAC address

mappings for some LAN nodes

lt IP address MAC address TTLgt

bull TTL (Time To Live) time after which address mapping will be forgotten (typically 20 min)

Question how to determineMAC address of Bknowing Brsquos IP address

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788


ARP protocol Same LAN (network) A wants to send datagram

to B and Brsquos MAC address not in Arsquos ARP table

A broadcasts ARP query packet containing Bs IP address dest MAC address = FF-

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF all machines on LAN

receive ARP query B receives ARP packet

replies to A with its (Bs) MAC address frame sent to Arsquos MAC

address (unicast)

A caches (saves) IP-to-MAC address pair in its ARP table until information becomes old (times out) soft state information

that times out (goes away) unless refreshed

ARP is ldquoplug-and-playrdquo nodes create their ARP

tables without intervention from net administrator

Linux command arp

used to create modify display or delete ARP table entries on the devicearp -e - Display all ARP table entries (for all interfaces)

arp -en - Display all ARP table entries (for all interfaces) but do not resolve IP addresses to host names

arp -d 1111 - Delete the ARP table entry for host 1111

arp -i eth0 -s 1111 A123ABCF321A - Create a static ARP table entry associating IP address 1111 with MAC address A123ABCF321A available through eth0 interface



Service Network Interface Card Link layer address (MAC) ARP shared-link and Multiple Access Control




Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Multiple Access Links and Protocols

Two types of ldquolinksrdquo point-to-point

PPP for dial-up access point-to-point link between Ethernet switch and host








Multiple Access protocolsProblem single shared broadcast channel two or more simultaneous transmissions by nodes

interference collision if node receives two or more signals at same time

Solution multiple access protocol distributed algorithm to determine how nodes share

channel ie determine when node can transmit communication about channel sharing must use channel

itself Three categories

Channel Partition Random Access Take-turn


MAC Protocols Channel Partitioning

divide channel into smaller ldquopiecesrdquo (time slots frequency code) allocate piece to node for exclusive use

1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA

MAC Protocols Random Access When node has packet to send

transmit at full channel data rate R ie channel not divided

no a priori coordination among nodes two or more transmitting nodes ldquocollisionrdquo random access MAC protocol specifies

how to detect collisions how to recover from collisions (eg via delayed

retransmissions) Examples

slotted ALOHA ALOHA CSMA CSMACD CSMACA



CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access)

CSMA listen before transmit If channel sensed idle transmit entire frame If channel sensed busy defer transmission

human analogy donrsquot interrupt others

What if two people start to speak at same time CSMACD (Collision Detection) used in wired LAN (where

collisions can be detected within short time)

colliding transmissions aborted reducing channel wastage

human analogy the polite conversationalist

MAC Protocols ldquoTaking turnsrdquo nodes take turns but nodes with more

to send can take longer turns channel partitioning MAC protocols efficient

and fair at high load inefficient at low load(1N bandwidth allocated even if only 1 active node)

random access MAC protocols efficient at low load single node can fully utilize channel high load collision overhead

ldquotaking turnsrdquo protocols look for best of both worlds



ldquoTaking Turnsrdquo MAC protocolsPolling master node

ldquoinvitesrdquo slave nodes to transmit in turn

concerns polling overhead latency single point of

failure (master) Examples Bluetooth

master

slaves

poll

data

data


ldquoTaking Turnsrdquo MAC protocolsToken passing control token

passed from one node to next sequentially

concerns token overhead latency single point of failure

(token) Examples FDDI

(100 Mbits optical standard for data transmission in a LAN) IBM Token Ring =gt8025 (Token Ring LAN)

T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet

ldquodominantrdquo wired LAN technology cheap $20 for NIC first widely used LAN technology simpler cheaper than token LANs and ATM kept up with speed race 10 Mbps ndash 10 Gbps

Metcalfersquos Ethernetsketch


8023 Ethernet Standards Link amp Physical Layers

many different Ethernet standards common MAC protocol and frame format different speeds 2 Mbps 10 Mbps 100

Mbps 1Gbps 10G bps different physical layer media fiber cable


linkphysical

MAC protocoland frame format

100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4

100BASE-FX100BASE-T2

100BASE-SX 100BASE-BX

fiber physical layercopper (twisterpair) physical layer


Ethernet CSMACD algorithm

1 NIC receives datagram from network layer creates frame

2 If NIC senses channel idle starts frame transmission If NIC senses channel busy waits until channel idle then transmits

3 If NIC transmits entire frame without detecting another transmission NIC is done with frame

4 If NIC detects another transmission while transmitting aborts and sends jam signal

5 After aborting NIC enters exponential backoff after mth collision NIC chooses K at random from 012hellip2m-1 NIC waits K512 bit times returns to Step 2

connectionless No handshaking between sending and receiving NICs unreliable


Ethernet Frame Structure

Sending adapter encapsulates IP datagram (or other network layer protocol packet) in Ethernet frame

Preamble used to synchronize receiver sender clock rates 7 bytes with pattern 10101010 followed by one byte with pattern

10101011 Addresses 6 bytes

if adapter receives frame with matching destination address or with broadcast address (eg ARP packet) it passes data in frame to network layer protocol otherwise adapter discards frame

Type higher layer protocol (IP Novell IPX AppleTalk) CRC checked at receiver if error is detected frame is dropped


Bus topology all nodes in same collision domain (can collide with

each other) popular through mid 90s Hub physical-layer (ldquodumbrdquo) repeaters bits coming in one link go out all other links at same rate all nodes connected to hub can collide with one another no frame buffering no CSMACD at hub host NICs detect collisions

bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub


Star topology today star topology prevails Switch link-layer device

smarter than hubs take active role store forward Ethernet frames examine incoming framersquos MAC address selectively

forward frame to one-or-more outgoing links when frame is to be forwarded uses CSMACD to access segment

So-called layer-2 switch Transparent

hosts are unaware of presence of switches plug-and-play self-learning

switches do not need to be configured

switch


Switch Table

multiple simultaneous transmissions Eg A-to-Arsquo and B-to-Brsquo

simultaneously without collisions

Q how does switch know that Arsquo reachable via interface 4 Brsquo reachable via interface 5

A each switch has a switch table each entry (MAC address of host interface to

reach host time stamp) looks like a routing table

A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

switch with six interfaces(123456)

1 23

45

6


Switch self-learning

switch learns which hosts can be reached through which interfaces when frame received

switch ldquolearnsrdquo location of sender incoming LAN segment

records senderlocation pair in switch table

A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo

MAC addr interface TTL

Switch table (initially empty)

A 1 60


Switch frame filteringforwardingWhen frame received

1 record link associated with sending host2 index switch table using MAC dest address3 if entry found for destination

then if dest on segment from which frame arrived

then drop the frame else forward the frame on interface indicated else flood

forward on all but the interface on which the frame arrived


Self-learning forwarding example

A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60

A ArsquoA ArsquoA ArsquoA ArsquoA Arsquo

frame destination unknownflood

Arsquo A

destination A location known

Arsquo 4 60

selective send


Interconnecting switches

switches can be connected together

A

B

Q sending from A to G - how does S1 know to forward frame destined to F via S4 and S3

A self learning (works exactly the same as in single-switch case)

S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G


Institutional network

to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers

both store-and-forward devices routers network-layer

devices (examine network-layer headers)

switches are link-layer devices (examine link-layer headers)

routers maintain routing tables implement routing algorithms

switches maintain switch tables implement filtering learning algorithms

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Wireless Mobile Networks 6-39

wireless network

network infrastructure

wireless hosts laptop PDA IP phone run applications may be stationary (non-

mobile) or mobile

base station typically connected to

wired network relay - sending

packets between wired network and wireless host(s) in its ldquoareardquo eg cell towers

80211 access points

wireless link used to connect

mobile(s) to base station

also used as backbone link

multiple access protocol coordinates link access

various data rates transmission distance


Wireless Link Characteristics (1)

Differences from wired link hellip

decreased signal strength radio signal attenuates as it propagates through matter (path loss)

interference from other sources standardized wireless network frequencies (eg 24 GHz) shared by other devices (eg phone) devices (motors) interfere as well

multipath propagation radio signal reflects off objects ground arriving ad destination at slightly different times

hellip make communication across wireless link much more ldquodifficultrdquo


Characteristics of selected wireless link standards

Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G

UMTSWCDMA CDMA2000 3G

80215

80211b

80211ag

UMTSWCDMA-HSPDA CDMA2000-1xEVDO 3G cellularenhanced

80216 (WiMAX)

80211ag point-to-point

200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data


IEEE 80211 Wireless LAN all use CSMACA for multiple access all have base-station and ad-hoc network

versions


base station

connects mobiles into wired network

80211b 24-5 GHz unlicensed

spectrum up to 11 Mbps

80211a 5-6 GHz range up to 54 Mbps

80211g 24-5 GHz range up to 54 Mbps

80211n multiple antennae 24-5 GHz range up to 200 Mbps


80211 LAN architecture wireless host

communicates with base station ie access point (AP)

Basic Service Set (BSS) (aka ldquocellrdquo) contains wireless hosts access point (AP)

80211b 24GHz-2485GHz spectrum divided into 11 channels at different frequencies AP admin chooses

frequency for AP interference possible

channel can be same as that chosen by neighboring AP

BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet

hub switchor routerAP

AP


80211 association

host must associate with an AP scans channels listening for beacon frames

containing APrsquos name (SSID) and MAC address

selects AP to associate with may perform authentication

bull Eg WPA personal each wireless host configured with same passphrase (password)

will typically run DHCP to get IP address in APrsquos subnet


IEEE 80211 CSMACA

no collision detection difficult to receive (sense collisions) when transmitting

due to weak received signals (fading) avoid collisions CSMAC(ollision)A(voidance)

sender can ldquoreserverdquo channel rather than random access of data frames avoid collisions of long data frames


Collision Avoidance RTS-CTS exchange

APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)

reservation collision

defer

Home Wireless Network A broadband (DSL or cable)

Internet connection a DSL modem or a cable

modem (provided by your ISP)

A wireless router or DSLcabel modem+wireless router all in one A wireless router is basically a

router and access point all in one

Typically support NAT port forwarding firewall







Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP


Point to Point Data Link Control one sender one receiver one link easier than

broadcast link no Media Access Control no need for explicit MAC addressing eg dialup link ISDN line T1 leased line

popular point-to-point DLC protocols PPP (point-to-point protocol) HDLC High level data link control

bull default protocol on all Cisco serial interfaces

SLIP the book Frame Relay

used for dial up connection to Internet (RFC 1661) Books talk about configuration of PPP

Dial-up Internet connection Uses public switched telephone network (PSTN) to

establish a connection to an ISP via phone lines Modem encode and decode Internet

Protocol packets into and from analogue audio frequency signals

Point to Point Protocol (PPP)


56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Configure Network Interface Card (NIC) ie Adapter

TCPIP independent of underlying physical network

Need to identify network interface to TCPIP Assign IP address subnet

mask broadcast address


controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical

Determine available interface

Need to find out what interfaces are available and their names

Recall dmesg display system messages displayed on console during last bootdmesg | grep eth Here | is pipeline feed the output of dmesg

as input to grep search lines in dmesg that contain ldquoethrdquo

typical name for ethernet NIC


dmesg | grep eth[ 19490092] e1000e 000000190 eth0 (PCI Express25GTsWidth x1) 0016d3c2e6bd[ 19490097] e1000e 000000190 eth0 Intel(R) PRO1000 Network Connection[ 19490131] e1000e 000000190 eth0 MAC 6 PHY 6 PBA No FFFFFF-0FF[ 25714699] NetworkManager[754] NetworkManager[754] ltinfogt (eth0) carrier is OFF[ 25719530] NetworkManager[754] ltinfogt (eth0) carrier is OFF[ 25720162] NetworkManager[754] NetworkManager[754] ltinfogt (eth0) new Ethernet device (driver e1000e ifindex 2)[ 25720184] NetworkManager[754] ltinfogt (eth0) new Ethernet device (driver e1000e ifindex 2)[ 25720687] NetworkManager[754] NetworkManager[754] ltinfogt (eth0) exported as orgfreedesktopNetworkManagerDevices0[ 25720709] NetworkManager[754] ltinfogt (eth0) exported as orgfreedesktopNetworkManagerDevices0 hellip


Sample output of netstat -in

To see hardware interface amp software interface netstat -in

[xiaolanthinkpad ~]$ netstat -niKernel Interface tableIface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flgeth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMUlo 16436 0 32 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 LRUwlan0 1500 0 598 0 0 0 550 0 0 0 BMRU


Loopback device

a virtualsoftware network interface usually named lo lo0 implemented in software only Any traffic that sent to loopback interface is

immediately received on same interface commonly used IPv4 address on loopback device is

127001 Usage test IP stack services without exposing

host to security risks Accessing web server

http127001 or httplocalhost Test IP stack in operating system ping 127001


Check interface configuration ifconfig ltinterface_namegt [xiaolanthinkpad ~]$ ifconfig wlan0

wlan0 Link encapEthernet HWaddr 001DE003C5AF inet addr19216817 Bcast1921681255 Mask2552552550 inet6 addr fe8021de0fffe03c5af64 ScopeLink UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU1500 Metric1 RX packets1675 errors0 dropped0 overruns0 frame0 TX packets1152 errors0 dropped0 overruns0 carrier0 collisions0 txqueuelen1000 RX bytes1634505 (15 MiB) TX bytes171812 (1677 KiB)[xiaolanthinkpad ~]$ ifconfig eth0eth0 Link encapEthernet HWaddr 0016D3C2E6BD UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU1500 Metric1 RX packets0 errors0 dropped0 overruns0 frame0 TX packets0 errors0 dropped0 overruns0 carrier0 collisions0 txqueuelen1000 RX bytes0 (00 b) TX bytes0 (00 b) Interrupt20 Memoryf8200000-f8220000


Configure NIC manually

Various configuration using ifconfig IP address netmaskbroadcast addr ARP

promiscuous mode MTU hellip Details P 141-148 of textbook

Problem Ifconfig does NOT store this information

permanently Upon reboot this information is lost

Solution Put commands to system boot sequence by

adding them to file etcrcdrclocal (for linux)


Network GUI Configuration Tools


Various tools for make permanent changes ie change is retained and used upon system boot GUI Network configuration

usrsbinsystem-config-network TUI configuration tool

usrsbinsystem-config-network-tui TUT network configuration tool usrsbinnetconfig

usrbinnetcfg (GUI)

Most brute force approach

Manually modify system TCPIP Network configuration files etcresolveconf List DNS servers for

internet domain name resolution etchosts Lists hosts to be resolved locally

(not by DNS) etcnsswitchconf List order of host name

search Typically look at local files then NIS server then DNS server

etcsysconfignetwork-scriptsifcfg-device configuration for NIC


Next class lab class To prepare

Install Linux on your laptop Try commandstools mentioned today (homework to

be assigned) Bring your laptop to class

simplest form of connection between two computers is a direct connection using a single Ethernet cable to enable data transfer

bull Category 5 Crossover Ethernet Cable using WiFi ad-hoc mode

bull no base stationsbull nodes can only transmit to other nodes within link coverage


Summary General link layer topics





Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation


Where is the link layer implemented



Outline

Link Layer Services


LAN Addresses and ARP


ARP protocol Same LAN (network)

Linux command arp

Slide 15


Multiple Access protocols


MAC Protocols Random Access


MAC Protocols ldquoTaking turnsrdquo

ldquoTaking Turnsrdquo MAC protocols

Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table


Switch frame filteringforwarding




Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network



IEEE 80211 Wireless LAN

80211 LAN architecture

80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA


Home Wireless Network

Slide 48

Slide 49

Point to Point Data Link Control


Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device

Check interface configuration




Next class lab class

Summary


application supporting network applications FTP SMTP HTTP

transport process-process data transfer TCP UDP

network routing of datagrams from source to destination IP routing protocols

link data transfer between neighboring network elements Ethernet 802111 (WiFi) PPP

physical bits ldquoon the wirerdquo

application

transport

network

link

physical


source

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

HtHn M

segment Ht

datagram

destination

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

HtHnHl M

HtHn M

Ht M

M

networklink

physical

linkphysical

HtHnHl M

HtHn M

HtHn M

HtHnHl M

router

switch


Ht M

Hn

frame



Data Link Layer 5-4





Data Link Layer 5-5







controller


cpu memory

host bus (eg PCI)

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical

Data Link Layer 5-6










datagram datagram

datagram

frame

Data Link Layer 5-7









router

Point-to-point link






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

source

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

HtHn M

segment Ht

datagram

destination

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

HtHnHl M

HtHn M

Ht M

M

networklink

physical

linkphysical

HtHnHl M

HtHn M

HtHn M

HtHnHl M

router

switch


Ht M

Hn

frame



Data Link Layer 5-4





Data Link Layer 5-5







controller


cpu memory

host bus (eg PCI)

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical

Data Link Layer 5-6










datagram datagram

datagram

frame

Data Link Layer 5-7









router

Point-to-point link






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






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1 23

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6






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1 23

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6

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Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Data Link Layer 5-4





Data Link Layer 5-5







controller


cpu memory

host bus (eg PCI)

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical

Data Link Layer 5-6










datagram datagram

datagram

frame

Data Link Layer 5-7









router

Point-to-point link






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

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6






A

Arsquo

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Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

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6

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A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Data Link Layer 5-5







controller


cpu memory

host bus (eg PCI)

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical

Data Link Layer 5-6










datagram datagram

datagram

frame

Data Link Layer 5-7









router

Point-to-point link






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Data Link Layer 5-6










datagram datagram

datagram

frame

Data Link Layer 5-7









router

Point-to-point link






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Data Link Layer 5-7









router

Point-to-point link






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






Loopback interface

Data Link Layer 5-8

Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Data Link Layer 5-9


















= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary












= adapter

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53









1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

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to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary








1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

LAN

137196723

137196778

137196714

137196788








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






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S4

S3

H

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to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary








address (unicast)





Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






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selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Linux command arp











Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






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A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

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1 23

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6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



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Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary





















1 3 4 1 3 4

6-slotframe

frequ

ency

bands time

FDM cable

TDMA

FDMA



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

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Brsquo

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1 23

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6

A Arsquo

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A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary



























master

slaves

poll

data

data







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

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Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

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1 23

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6

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Arsquo

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1 23

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6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary







T

data

(nothingto send)

T






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

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1 23

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6






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1 23

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6

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A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

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1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

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A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary


Ethernet








linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

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selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






linkphysical


100BASE-TX

100BASE-T4






















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






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1 23

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1 23

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A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary



















bus coaxial cable

twisted pair

hub








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

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1 23

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6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


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selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary








switch


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary


Switch Table






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo


1 23

45

6






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary









A

Arsquo

B

Brsquo

C

Crsquo

1 23

45

6

A Arsquo

Source ADest Arsquo



A 1 60



Arsquo A


Arsquo 4 60

selective send




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary




A

B



S1

C D

E

FS2

S4

S3

H

I

G



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary


Switches vs Routers






application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

linkphysical

switch

datagram

application

transportnetwork

linkphysical

frame

frame

frame

datagram






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary


wireless network



mobile) or mobile




80211 access points















Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary










Indoor10-30m

Outdoor50-200m

Mid-rangeoutdoor

200m ndash 4 Km

Long-rangeoutdoor

5Km ndash 20 Km

056

384

1

4

5-11

54

IS-95 CDMA GSM 2G


80215

80211b

80211ag


80216 (WiMAX)


200 80211n

Dat

a ra

te (

Mbp

s)

data



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary



versions


base station














BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary








BSS 1

BSS 2

Internet


AP


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary


80211 association







IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary


IEEE 80211 CSMACA






APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary



APA B

time

RTS(A)RTS(B)

RTS(A)

CTS(A) CTS(A)

DATA (A)

ACK(A) ACK(A)


defer













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary













Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary



to externalnetwork

router

IP subnet

mail server

web server

Point-to-point link

BSS 1

AP













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary













56kbps Modem

USB port






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary






controller


cpu memory

network adaptercard

host schematic


link

linkphysical













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary













Loopback device























usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

















usrbinnetcfg (GUI)




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary




















Loopback interface


Ethernet 80211 WiFi

Slide 1


Encapsulation





Outline

Link Layer Services





Linux command arp

Slide 15








Slide 23

Slide 24

Ethernet




Bus topology

Star topology

Switch Table






Switches vs Routers

Slide 38

wireless network





80211 association

IEEE 80211 CSMACA



Slide 48

Slide 49



Slide 52



Slide 55


Loopback device






Summary

Data Link Layer5-1 Link Layer and LANs Partly adapted from slides for Computer Networking: A Top...

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Transcript of Data Link Layer5-1 Link Layer and LANs Partly adapted from slides for Computer Networking: A Top...