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INDEPENDENT REVIEW/REASSESSMENT
A LOF
ANOMALOUS DATA
DT ISECTD
&gD
VOLUME II
.S
Distribution TUni-,I;','1
Prepared for
U.S. ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSIS AGENCYContract MDA903-86-C-0396 ]
Prepared by
LFW MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATES, INC.P.O. Box 25167
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-5167
June 22, 1987 %
k &6 16
DISCLAIMER: "The findings of this report are not be be construed as an
official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so
designated by other official documentation.
* V
,ij ..
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
SForm Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No 0704-0188
Ta REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1 b RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS
Unclassified NoneSECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT
Approved for public release; distribution2b. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE i S unlimited.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER (S)
NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATIONLFW Management Associates, (ifapplicable) U.S. Army Concepts Analysis AgencyInc.
ADDRESS (City, State, and Z'P Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)P.O. Box 25167 8120 Woodmont AvenueAlexandria, VA 22312-5157 Bethesda, MD 20814-2797
NAME OF FUNDINGISPONSORING Bb. OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
', ORGANIZATIONI (if applicable)
U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency CSCA-MVM Contract No. MDA 903-86-C-0396ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS8120 Woodmont Avenue PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT
BehsajD28429 ELEMENT NO No NO ACCESSION NO -
TITLE (Include Security Classification)Independent Review/Reassessment of Anomalous Data: Volume II
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Charles B. MacDonald, William M. Glasgow, Jr., George H. Russell, Graham M. Sibbles, et al
17a TYPE OF REPORT 1 3b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15S PAGE COUNT :
.Final FROM 86-09TO 87-06 1987 June 22S SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
I0,
/ COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)E GBattles, Land Combat, Historical DataJ. FIELC
/ GROUP SUB-GROUP
BSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)independent review/reassessment of 61 battles in 8 campaigns of World War II and the
%-ab-Israeli Wars of 1967 and 1973 was conducted. this work will provide the U.S. Army'sConcepts Analysis Agency (CAA) with a factual basis for determining the extent to which:-r anomalies in the data contained in CAA Study Report CAA-SR-84-6,, Analysis of'a4Gtrs That Have Influenced Outcomes of Battles and Warsw are attributable to actualchanges in combat dynamics, or whether they are more likely due to flaws in the data base.w. 'vlrtually every case, the LFW Team's findings differ substantially from those determined ,
Sthe authors of CAA-SR-84-6. .%
1.,. , ., - C, I
DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONUNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED SAME AS RPT ] DTIC USERS Unclassified
122a NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 722c OFFICE SYMBOL
rm 1473, JUN 86 Previous editions are obsolete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I:
Introduction ................ ........ I-i
The Okinawa Campaign ................ I-l
Appendix A -- The LFW Team .......... 1-75
Appendix B -- Glossary .............. 1-77 P,Appendix C -- XXIX Corps Daily
Strengths and
Casualties ............ 1-83
OAppendix D -- Japanese Strengths andDaily Casualties ...... 1-87
VOLUME II: The Salerno Campaign .... II-1
The Volturno River ICampaign ................ 11-50
VOLUME III: The Anzio Campaign ...... III-1
The Rome Campaign ....... 111-35 _
I
VOLUME IV: The Arab-Israeli Wars ... IV-. [.. IV 1
Northwest Europe ........ IV-50 ]i
The Eastern Front ....... IV-97
i 5,,%
5'i .. ..
m !~
INTRODUCTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: SALERNO
As per contract, the LFW Team reviewed/reassessed thefollowing battles:
Amphitheater, 9-11 September 1943Port of Salerno, 9-11 September 1943Sele-Calore, 11 September 1943Battipaglia I, 12-15 September 1943Vietri I, 12-15 September 1943 0Battipaglia 11, 17-18 September 1943Eboli, 17-18 September 1943
For statistics on these battles, the LFW Team reliedprimarily on official U.S. Army records [in particular FifthArmy Periodic Reports], microfilms of official German records,operations reports of the three British divisions, and asecondary source that is strong in statistical information,Graham and Bidwell, Tug of War. For U.S. and British units,the tracking process began with loading tables for theinvasion that showed the strength of the division and attachedunits. The strength figure for the next battle reflects the
-N initial strength minus casualties incurred in the prior battleplus any personnel additions, and in the case of the British56th Infantry Division, the same process for a third battle.
The primary source for "bloody" casualties were theFifth Army Periodic Reports and for the "non-bloody"casualties, Lada or Mellor, as explained in the generalintroduction and on the appropriate charts.
Bibliography ,
Official Records
Fifth Army: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports,Operations Orders, G-1 and G-3 Journals; and Headquarters,Fifth Army, Historical Section, Fifth Army History [9 vols ,n.p., n.d.] .
45th Infantry Division: After-Action Report,Artillery After-Action Report, Division Artillery Journal,Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division Daily SituationReports, G-1 and G-3 Journals and files; After-Action Reports,
p -0-
Daily Situation Reports, and S-I and S-3 Journals and files ofthe three organic regiments: 157th Infantry, 179th Infantry,and 180th Infantry.
British Records
46th Infantry Division, Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.
56th Infantry Division, Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.
7th Armoured Division, Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.
German Records
Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht [OKW][War Diary of the Armed Forces Supreme Command] , 8 vols, vol.6 [Munich: Bernard and Graefe, Licensed Study Reprint 1982]
AOK 10, KTB [Tenth Army War Diary] , No. 1, 22 Aug-20Sep 1943; No. 2, 21 Sep-31 Oct 1943, and Anlagen [Appendices]Aug-Oct 1943; and AOK 10, Anlagen, Chefsachen [highest levelof command papers] , 20 Aug-20 Sep 1943. [Captured GermanRecords Microfilm Collection T-312, Microfilm Rolls 85 and86].
Manuscripts: No. R-76, "Italian Theater, Order ofBattle and List of Commanders, 22 Aug 1943-31 Mar 1944," byRalph S. Mavrogordata, Nov 1955; No. R-88, "The Battle ofSalerno," by Ralph S. Mavrogordata, 1957; and MS withoutnumber, "The German Situation [in the Italian Theater ofOperations] ," by Britt Bailey, 1951.
Secondary Sources
Most useful:
Blumenson, Martin, Salerno to Cassino [U.S. Army inWorld War II, Washington: Center of Military History, 1969].
Graham, Dominick, and Bidwell, Shelford, Tug of War:The Battle for Italy: 1943-45 [New York: St. Martin's Press,19861.
11-2
1W: P9'NF79.- T W F WT
Molony, Brig. C.J.C., et. al., The Mediterranean andthe Middle East, Vol. V, The Campaign in Sicily, 1943, and theCampaign in Italy, 3d September 1943 to 31st March 1944[United Kingdom Military Series, History of the Second WorldWar, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1973].
Of limited usefulness:
Jackson, W.G.F., The Battle for Italy [New York:Harper and Row, 1967]. 0
Starr, LTC Chester G., Salerno to the Alps[Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 19481.
Of peripheral usefulness:
The Fighting Forty-Fifth: The Combat Report of anInfantry Division [Baton Rouge, LA: Army and Navy PublishingCo., 1946].
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INTRODUCTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: VOLTURNO
As per contract, the LFW Team reviewed/reassessed thefollowing battles: .4.
Grazzanise, 12-14 Oct 1943Castel Volturno, 13-15 Oct 1943Triflisco, 13-14 Oct 1943 .4
Dragoni, 15-17 Oct 1943Canal I, 17-18 Oct 1943 "Monte Grande, 16-17 Oct 1943Francolise, 20-22 Oct 1943Monte Rotondo, 8-10 Nov 1943 r S
Monte Maggiore, 2-3 Dec 1943
The basic source for statisical data on the battles ofthe Volturno Campaign were the official records, of which theFifth Army Periodic Reports were the most valuable source.
Since there was only minor combat between the end ofthe Salerno Campaign and the start of the Volturno battles,the starting point for determining the strengths of the threeBritish divisions involved at Salerno and Volturno was the P.strength after the final Salerno battle, plus any replacementsor RTD. In the case of the three American divisions, all wereexperiencing their first combat action in Italy and thus wouldhave been at or near full strength. Since one British -division, the 7th Armoured, was involved in three of the Ybattles, there could be some carry over of strength minuscasualties from one battle to the next.
The primary source for "bloody" casualties were the .
Fifth Army Periodic Reports and for "non-bloody" casualties, :. •Lada or Mellor, as explained in the general introduction andon the appropriate charts.
Bibliography
Official Records
Fifth Army: After-Action Report, Periodic Reports,Operations Orders, G-1 and G-3 Journals; and Headquarters,Fifth Army, Historical Section, Fifth Army History [9 vols,n.p., n.d.].
II Corps: After-Action Report , Periodic Reports, and |G-1 and G-3 Journals.
VI Corps: After-Action Report, .Periodic Reports, and
11-50
G-1 and G-3 Journals.
3d Infantry Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, and S-1 and S-3Journals and files of the three organic regiments: 7thInfantry, 15th Infantry, and 30th Infantry.
34th Infantry Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report, Daily Situation Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, Division ArtilleryJournal, and G-1 and G-3 Journals; After-Action Reports, DailySituation Reports, and S-1 and S-3 Journals and files of thethree organic regiments: 123d Infantry, 130th Infantry, and136th Infantry.
36th Infantry Division: After-Action Report, DivisionArtillery After-Action Report , Daily Situation Reports,Division Artillery Daily Situation Reports, and G-1 and G-3Journals; After-Action Reports, Daily Situation Reports, andS-1 and S-3 Journals and files of the three organic regiments:141st Infantry, 142d Infantry, and 143d Infantry.
British Records S
7th Armoured Division, Operations Report, PublicRecords Office, London.
46th Infantry Division, Operations Report, Public -Records Office, London.
56th Infantry Division, Operations Report, Public
Records Office, London.
German Records
OKW KTB [War Diary of the Supreme Command of the ArmedForces] , vol. 6, as cited in Salerno sources.
AOK 10, KTB [Tenth Army War Diary] and Anlagen ascited in Salerno sources [Microfilm Collections T-312, rolls
-N 18, 80, and 86; T-78, roll 641; and T-123, roll 80]"V V.
XIV Panzer Corps, KTB, Meldungen [Reports] 8 Sep-31Dec 1943 and 1 Nov-31 Dec 1943 [Microfilm Collection T-314,rolls 1574, 539-541 -- almost unreadable print -- and 542].
% .6
11-51
4...
Manuscripts: No. R-124, "The Struggle for the Bernhard_Line, Oct-Nov 1943," by Ralph S. Mavrogordata, 1958; No. R-76,
"Italian Theater, Order of Battle and List of Commanders, 22
Aug 1943-31 Mar 1944," by Ralph S. Mavrogordata, 1957; and MS
without number, "The German Situation [in the Italian Theater
of Operations] ," by Britt Bailey, 1951.Secondar Sources..
Most useful: .,
Blumensn, Martin, Salerno to Cassino [U.S. Army in
World War II, Washington: Center of military Hitory, 1969). '
Graham, Dominick, and Bidwell, Shelford, Tug of War:The Battle for Ital: 1943-45 [New York: St. Martin's Press,
1986 . Oba9
Molony r, Or o Ba et al., The Mediterranean and
Middle East, Vol. V, The Campaign in Sicr ilrday, 1943, and the
Campaign e in Ital , 3d September 1943 to 31st March 1944Theat
[United Kingdom Military Series, History of the Second Worl 1 0_War, London: Her Majestys Stationery office, 1973.
Of limited usefulness:
From the Volturno to the Winter Line [American Forces
in Action Series, Washington: Historical Branch, Military V
Intelligence Division, War Department, 1944 . T o W
Jackson, W.G.F., The Battle for Italy New York: ,
Harper and Row, 1967].
Starr , LTC Chester G., Salerno to the Alps
[Washington.. Infantry Journal Press, 1948]."
1-52.
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