Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We...

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Data Communications and Network Packet Tracer XpertSolver.com

Transcript of Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We...

Page 1: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Data Communications and Network Packet Tracer

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Page 2: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Lab Number 1 Introduction to Network Components The purpose of Lab one is to become familiar with the basic components and terminologies.

Network Components A Network is built up by connecting multiple components with each other. Each building block has its own specific purpose and all the components collectively provide the proper applications of the network. In lab we were shown the basic network components and their symbols which are normally used to represent them.

Few of the basic Devices and their symbols we learned about are:

PPCC WWoorrkkssttaattiioonn

PPrriinntteerr

BBrriiddggee

SSwwiittcchh

RRoouutteerr

HHUUBB ((RReeppeeaatteerr))

Basic Network Devices

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Page 3: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

OSI Model

OSI stands for open system interconnection. It is a prescription of characterizing and standardizing the functions of a communications system in terms of abstraction layers. Network system is divided in sis layers which are shown with their description in chart below:

7 Layers of Network

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Page 4: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Lab Number 2 Network Basics (Commands) In this lab we were taught various commands which we can use on MS-DOS to check differect statistics regarding network.

The commands we were told are:

PC Network TCP/IP Configuration The purpose of ‘IPCONFIG’ command is to gather information including connection, host name, Layer 2 MAC address and Layer 3 TCP/IP network address information.

The steps to enter the command are:

Start > Programs > Command Prompt > Type ipconfig > Press Enter

The spellings of ipconfig are not case sensitive. On following the above steps screen similar to given below will appear:

The IP address and the default gateway should be in the same network or subnet, otherwise this host would not be able to communicate outside the network. The subnet mask and Default Gateway is unique for a network. However Each PC has its own IP address that is different from other PC’s on that network.

In order to detailed TCP/IP information follow the steps given below:

Start > Programs > Command Prompt > Type ipconfig > Press Enter

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Page 5: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

On following the above steps detailed information will appear as shown below:

The host name, including the computer name and NetBIOS name should be displayed. Also, the DHCP server address, if used, and the date the IP lease starts and ends should be displayed. Entries for the DNS, used in name resolution servers, may also be present. The above information reveals that the router is performing both DHCP and DNS services for this network.

Using “ping Ping is used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.In order to ping: Start > Programs > Command Prompt > Type ping (desired ip) > Press Enter

Replave (desired ip) with the ip address you want to ping. A screen like below will appear:

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Page 6: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

We can ping both default gateway and any specific PC.

Also we can place directly using host name instead of ip address. If we want to ping some website we directly write web address instead of ip address or host name as given below:

Start > Programs > Command Prompt > Type ping www.cisco.com > Press Enter

Using “tracert “

Tracert (Trace Route) is somehow similar to ping but it shows the details of all the routers it has to pass through before reaching the required destination.

In order to Trace the Route follow steps below:

Start > Programs > Command Prompt > Type tracert (desired web address)

Replace (desired web address) with the address you want to trace route to. Given below in an example figure of www.cisco.com trace route:

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Page 7: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Lab Number 2 Network Cabling Networking cables are used to connect one network device to other network devices or to connect two or more computers to share printer, scanner etc. Different types of network cables likeCoaxial cable, Optical fibre cable, Twisted Pair cables are used depending on the network's topology, protocol and size. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Ethernet) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet).However the signals start becoming weak after 100 meters.

Few types of network Cables are:

Twisted Cable Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring in which two wires (the forward and return conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources. This type of cable is used for home and corporate Ethernet networks. Twisted pair cables consist of two insulated copper wires. There are three types of twisted pair cables: Shielded, Unshielded and Foiled.

Optical Fibre Cable An optical fibre cable consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective material. The outer insulating jacket is made of Teflon or PVC. The centre core is made of glass or plastic fibre. The fibre optic cables transmit light rather than electronic signals, thus eliminating the problems of electrical interference.

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Page 8: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Coaxial Cable It consists of one core cable while other cable forms the shield around the core cable. This cancels out the electromagnetic Interference effect even if the cable is bent. It is commonly used for home networking like TV signals.

In the lab we used twisted pair cable to build a Category 5 or Category 5e (CAT 5 or 5e) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab:

One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling per person or team Four RJ-45 connectors, two are extra for spares RJ-45 crimping tools to attach the RJ-45 connectors to the cable ends Ethernet cabling continuity tester which can test straight-thru or crossover type cables Wire cutters

Straight-Through Cable Construction

The cable constructed was a four-pair, eight-wire, straight-through cable, which means that the colour of wire on Pin 1 on one end of the cable will be the same as that of Pin 1 on the other end. Pin 2 will be the same as Pin 2, and so on.

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Page 9: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

The pin configuration for Straight-Through cable construction is as follows:

Straight-Through Cable Configuration

The steps required for construction are given below:

1. Determine the distance between devices or device and plug. Add at least 30.48 cm (12 in.) to the distance.

2. Cut a piece of stranded Cat UTP cable to the desired length. 3. Strip 5.08 cm (2 in.) of jacket off of one end of the cable using stripper 4. Hold the four pairs of twisted cables tightly where jacket was cut away. Arrange the cable

pairs into the order according to the chart given above. 5. Straighten the wires and trim them to line up the end of all the wires. 6. Be sure not to let go of the jacket and the wires, which are now in the proper order. 7. Place an RJ-45 plug on the end of the cable, with the brown on the underside and the orange

pair to the left side of the connector. 8. Gently push the plug onto wires until the copper ends of the wires can be seen through the

end of the plug. 9. Crimp the plug hard enough to force the contacts through the insulation on the wires,

completing the conducting path.

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Page 10: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Crossover Cable Construction The method constructing Crossover Cable is same as for Straight-Through cable. However the wire arrangement will be different. The Crossover Cable Configuration is given below:

Crossover Cable Configuration After construction the cross-over cable was tested by directly connecting two computers using Ethernet port. Ping tool was used to check the connectivity between the two computers. We used ping tool according to the method taught in lab 2.

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Page 11: Data Communications and Network - Xpertsolver...Ethernet network patch cable or patch cord. We needed following apparatus in the lab: One 0.6 to .9 m (2 to 3 ft) length of Cat 5 cabling

Packet Tracer Packet tracer is a simple computer software which can be used to build up a computer network virtually on the computer. We simply need to drag the required network component from the tool bars and connect them. As an example a network is built on packet tracer and shown below:

In the lab we built the network on packet tracer and checked the connectivity between the computers.

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