Data Collection and Mobility Assessment Report on ...
Transcript of Data Collection and Mobility Assessment Report on ...
Data Collection and Mobility Assessment Report
on
Sustainable Urban Transport Index and
Impacts of COVID-19 on Mobility
– PEKANBARU CITY, INDONESIA –
Dr. Muhammad Ikhsan
2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
I.1 General description...................................................................................................... ............................... 1
I.2 Population .............................................................................................................. ........................................ 3
CHAPTER II: URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND SERVICES .............................................6
II.1 Land Use…………………………………………………………………………………………….....…...……….. 6
II.2 Main Networks and Connections……………………………….…………………………………………. 7
II.3 Transportation Infrastructure………………………………………………………………..….…………. 8
II.4 Public Transportation ………………………………………………………………………….....…………. 12
II.5 Master Plan of Transportation Pekanbaru………………………………………………...………… 20
II.6 Bike Line …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 21
II.7 Planning for Parking Area ………………………………………………………………………….……… 22
CHAPTER III: SUTI DATA COLLECTION.................................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV: SUTI DATA AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 29
CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS.................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER VI: IMPACTS OF COVID 19 ON URBAN MOBILITY……………………..……….… 40
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUDING REMARKS………………………………………………………………...47
CHAPTER VIII: REFERENCES AND OFFICIALS MET………………………………………..…..…48
List of Tables
Table I-1: District area and Population of Pekanbaru City………………………….………………… 2
Tabel I-2: Population by district in Pekanbaru City 2019…………………………………...………… 3
Table I-3: Number of student from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru…... 4
Table I-4: Number of school from Kindergarten to Senior High School in
Pekanbaru 2020………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
Table II-1: Terminal in Pekanbaru……………………………………………………………………………… 8
Table II-2: Air traffic (International and domestic) in Sultan Syarif
Kasim II Airport………………………………………………………………………………………..…9
Table II-3: List of roads by function and hierarchy in Pekanbaru………………………………… 10
Table II-4: Composition of vehicle types in Pekanbaru………………………………………………. 12
Table II-5: BRT Revenue in 2019………………………………………………………………………………. 15
Table II-6: The construction Cost (Preliminary Estimate)……………………………………….…. 17
Table II-7: Operating Costs (Preliminary Estimates) ………………………………………………… 17
Table II-8: Oplet services in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………………….. 19
Table II-9: Number of Taxis in Pekanbaru ………………………………………………………………… 20
Table II-10: Financial Consequences of New Parking System ……………………………………. 26
Table IV-1: Assessment of indicator 1………………………………………………………………………..29
Table IV-2: Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport………………29
Table IV-3: Trips for Work and Education…………………………………………………………………30
Table IV- 4: Results of satisfation survey…………………………………………………………………….32
Table IV-5: Satisfaction survey detail…………………………………………………………………………33
Table IV-6: Road fatalities/population……………………………………………………………………….33
Table IV-7: Revenue from BRT…………………………………………………………………………………..34
Table IV-8: Travel Costs as part of Income………………………………………………………………….34
Table IV-9: calculation of fare-box ratio……………………………………………………………………..35
Table IV-10: Investment in public transport……………………………………………………………….35
Table IV-11: Budget allocation for transport……………………………………………………….……35
Table IV-12: PM10 measurment ……………………………………………………………………………..…36
Table IV-13: GHG emissions from transport…………………………………………………………….. 36
Table V-1: SUTI Derivation for Pekanbaru………………………………………………………………….39
Table VI-1: Quantity of bus before and during Covid-19…………………………………………….. 41
Table VI-2: Comparison of bus number before Covid19 and current situation .………….. 42
Table VI-3: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020………….. 43
Table VI-4: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020 ……………………………………………… 44
List of Figures
Figure I-1: Pekanbaru city outline maps……………………………………………………………….…… 1
Figure I-2: Economic growth rate of Pekanbaru 2016-2019…………………………………….….. 2
Figure I-3: Population Pyramid in Pekanbaru, 2019…………………………………………………… 3
Figure I-4: Air quality (PM10), number of days in a year…………………………………………….. 5
Figure II-1: Built area in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………………………… 6
Figure II-2: Pekanbaru City Land Use Plan…………………………………………………………………. 6
Figure II-3: Main transportation network………………………………………………………………….. 7
Figure II-4: Road Authorithy in Pekanbaru………………………………………………………………… 9
Figure II-5: Road Performance in Pekanbaru…………………………………………………………….10
Figure II-6: Road Pavement in Pekanbaru………………………………………………………...……… 10
Figure II-7: Road network in Pekanbaru City……………………………………………….………….. 11
Figure II-8: TMP Corridor ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13
Figure II-9: Coverage of TMP………………………………………………………………..…………………. 14
Figure II-10: Number of Passenger in 2019……………………………………………………………… 15
Figure II-11: Future Development of BRT Corridors and Stations……..………………………. 18
Figure II-12: Future plans of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)…….………………………. 18
Figure II-13: Future Facilities of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)……………………….. 18
Figure II-14: Master Plan of Outer Ring Road in Pekanbaru……………………………………… 20
Figure II-15: Planning of Toll Road Connection Pekanbaru-Dumai, Pekanbaru-Padang,
and Rengat-Pekanbaru…………………………..…………………………………………….. 21
Figure II-16: Transit Oriented Development, connected by Outer Ring Road…….………..21
Figure II-17: Parking at CBD of Pekanbaru……………………………………………………….……… 22
Figure II-18: Parking time of early and late visitors at CBD………………………………………. 23
Figure II-19: Parking time at Jl. Sudirman and Jl. Ahmad Yani…………………………………… 23
Figure II-20: Duration of parking in Pekanbaru Mall………………………………………………… 23
Figure II-21: Comparison of parking price of Pekanbaru and around the world…………. 24
Figure II-22: Proposed parking clusters……………………………………………………………...……. 25
Figure II:23: Organization of Parking Services…………………………………………………….……. 26
Figure IV-1: Influence areas of BRT routes…………………………………………………………………31
Figure V-1: SUTI Spider diagram………………………………………………………………………………38
Figure VI-1: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020………. 43
Figure VI-2: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020……………………………………….……. 44
Figure VI-3: Cleanliness, hygiene and dinsifection procedures at TMP……….……………… 45
Figure VI-4 Seating arrangements and facilities for health protocol ………….………………. 46
Disclaimer:
This report has been issued without formal editing.
The designation employed and the presentation of the material in the report do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United
Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views
expressed, analysis, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and
should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement
of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the
endorsement of the United Nations.
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
I.1 General description
Pekanbaru, the capital of Riau Province, is located about 950 Kilometers Northwest of
Jakarta, and the third largest city in Sumatra Island. It is located in Sumatera Island,
between 0°30’50’’ N and 101°26’30’’ E. The maximum temperature at Pekanbaru in
May 2019 reached 36.8°C, while the minimum temperature is around 20.4°C observed
in November 2019. Precipitation varies from maximum of 323 mm in 13 days in June
2019 to 43 mm in 4 days in August 2019 (Central Bureau of Statistic, 2020). Pekanbaru
is located at an altitude of 10 m to 50 m above sea level.
Figure I-1: Pekanbaru city outline maps
The area of Pekanbaru City covers 632.26 km2. It is divided into 12 districts and the
district population distribution is provided in Table I-1 below.
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Table I-1: District area and Population of Pekanbaru City
Number District Population
1 Tampan 181,910
2 Payung Sekaki 94,965
3 Bukit Raya 93,337
4 Marpoyan Damai 130,303
5 Tenayan Raya 136,448
6 Limapuluh 43,461
7 Sail 23,285
8 Pekanbaru Kota 26,645
9 Sukajadi 47,672
10 Senapelan 38,292
11 Rumbai 68,451
12 Rumbai Pesisir 69,604
Total 1,149,359
Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020
Economic structure of the city is dominated by three major fields. They are whole sales,
retail trade, repair of vehicle and motorcycle (31.41%), construction (30.16%), and
manufacturing (19.24%) of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the city. The
economic growth rate of the city increased from 5.68% in 2016 to 6.01% in 2019,
although in 2018 it became 5.4%. The total GRDP of the city is 119.1 triliun IDR
(Indonesian Rupiah).
Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020
Figure I-2: Economic growth rate of Pekanbaru 2016-2019
5.686.12
5.46.01
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2016 2017 2018 2019Eco
no
mic
Gro
wth
(in
%)
Year
Economic growth
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I.2 Population
Based on the data of Pekanbaru City Statistic Central Agency, in 2019 the population
of the city was 1,149,359 with population growth rate of 4.2%. The city has a density
of 1,818/km2. Around 29.5% of the population are in the age of 15 to 29 years old.
Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020
Figure I-3: Population Pyramid in Pekanbaru, 2019
Tabel I-2: Population by district in Pekanbaru City 2019
No District Percentage of Total Population
Population Density
1 Tampan 19.06 3,041
2 Payung Sekaki 9.95 2,196
3 Bukit Raya 9.78 4,233
4 Marpoyan Damai 13.65 4,381
5 Tenayan Raya 14.30 797
6 Limapuluh 4.55 10,758
7 Sail 2.44 7,143
8 Pekanbaru Kota 2.79 11,790
9 Sukajadi 5.00 12,679
10 Senapelan 4.01 5,758
11 Rumbai 7.17 531
12 Rumbai Pesisir 7.29 442
Total Pekanbaru 100.00 1,818 Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020
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Table I-3: Number of student from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru
No District Total
1 Kec. Tampan 50,118
2 Kec. Marpoyan Damai 31,539
3 Kec. Tenayan Raya 27,953
4 Kec. Payung Sekaki 19,72
5 Kec. Bukit Raya 18,539
6 Kec. Lima Puluh 16,014
7 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir 15,842
8 Kec. Rumbai 15,107
9 Kec. Sukajadi 12,845
10 Kec. Sail 11,871
11 Kec. Senapelan 9,644
12 Kec. Pekanbaru Kota 3,656
Total 232,848 Source: Dapodikdasmen 2020 (Elementary and Middle Education Main Data)
Table I-4: Number of school from Kindergarten to Senior High School in Pekanbaru
2020
No District Total
1 Kec. Tampan 290
2 Kec. Marpoyan Damai 174
3 Kec. Tenayan Raya 171
4 Kec. Payung Sekaki 123
5 Kec. Bukit Raya 106
6 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir 96
7 Kec. Sukajadi 81
8 Kec. Rumbai 80
9 Kec. Lima Puluh 74
10 Kec. Senapelan 49
11 Kec. Sail 35
12 Kec. Pekanbaru Kota 34
Total 1,313 Source: Dapodikdasmen 2020 (Elementary and Middle Education Main Data)
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Air quality
Source: BMKG, 2020
Figure I-4: Air quality (PM10), number of days in a year
The data of air quality in Pekanbaru from 2000 to 2019 can be seen in Figure I-4. The
air quality in Pekanbaru is fluctuated every year due to forest and land fire in certain
year. In 2014, 2015, and 2019 there were serious forest and land fire in Riau Province
and Sumatera Island. These years can not be used to measure the air quality due to
transportation. Therefore, the year 2018 is used to measure normal air quality due to
transportion and other factors, in the exception of forest and land fires.
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CHAPTER II: URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND SERVICES
II.1 Land Use
Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039
Figure II-1: Built area in Pekanbaru
Currently, built area in Pekanbaru covers about 30% of city as observed in Figure II-1.
The city is divided in the middle by Siak River that flows from west to east. There are
four bridges across Siak River. The most population are in the south of the city.
Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039
Figure II-2: Pekanbaru City Land Use Plan
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According to Pekanbaru spatial plan (RTRW) 2019-2039 as observed in Figure II-2,
there are some new development area that need transportation network such as
Tenayan Industrial Park and Government Office in Tenayan Raya. There are also new
Commercial and Trade Blocks and Buatan Lake Tourism in Rumbai. Another
Commercial and Trade Blocks is planned in Payung Sekaki.
II.2 Main Networks and Connections
Main networks of the city can be observed in Figure II-3. Most of the transportation
network use road network. Siak River is used only for provincial transportation network,
and not for city local transportation.
Figure II-3: Main transportation network
There are four main road entrance to Pekanbaru. They are from West Sumatera, Tlk
Kuantan, Jambi, and Dumai as observed in Figure II-3.
There are three key connections to the city. First, terminal BRPS that is used for Inter-
Provincial Bus and also for BRT terminal and depo. Second, a riverport Sungai Duku
for key connection to islands in Riau Province. Third, an international airport Sultan
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Syarif Kasim II that has direct flights to Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Jakarta, Batam,
Bandung, Yogyakarta, Medan, and many major cities in Indonesia.
II.3 Transportation Infrastructure
a. Terminals
Road transport infrastructure network consists of a tangible node for the passenger
terminal and for goods and traffic terminal . The passenger terminal according to the
service area is grouped into:
1. Type A passenger terminal serves as the level one hub in the city providing
interchange facilities for border, regional, intercity, rural and urban transport.
2. Type B passenger terminal serves the public transportation for inter-city
transportation within the province, urban transport and rural transportation.
3. Terminal passenger type C serves the public transportation for rural
transportation.
Table II-1: Terminal in Pekanbaru
Number Station Name Type Location
1 Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki (BRPS)
A Kecamatan Payung Sekaki
2 Terminal Penumpang Senapelan C Kecamatan Senapelan
3 Terminal Penumpang Rumbai C Kecamatan Rumbai
4 Terminal Penumpang Rumbai Barat C Kecamatan Rumbai Barat
5 Terminal Penumpang Sukajadi C Kecamatan Sukajadi
6 Terminal Penumpang Kulim C Kecamatan Kulim
7 Terminal Penumpang Tuah Madani C Kecamatan Tuah Madani
8 Terminal Penumpang Batas Kota bagian Selatan
C Kecamatan Tuah Madani
9 Terminal Barang Goods Kecamatan Kulim Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039
b. Airport Terminals
Pekanbaru is also connected through an International Airport Sultan Syarif Kasim II.
The international terminal connects the city to Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Singapore.
While the domestic terminal provides linkages to cities in Indonesia such as Medan,
Padang, Dumai, Batam, Tanjung Pinang, Jambi, Palembang, Bandung, Jakarta,
Yogyakarta, and Surabaya.
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Table II-2: Air traffic (International and domestic) in Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport
Num Month (2019) Aircraft Passengers
Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures
1 January 1,104 1,105 145,960 141,043
2 February 1,001 999 117,179 118,319
3 March 1,115 1,114 125,983 124,255
4 April 1,089 1,090 120,441 115,225
5 May 1,018 1,018 111,200 100,914
6 June 1,115 1,115 140,917 149,373
7 July 1,158 1,161 133,803 133,436
8 August 1,217 1,216 131,000 130,112
9 September 1,142 1,141 121,052 122,007
10 October 1,266 1,270 131,290 126,259
11 November 1,210 1,211 138,502 133,369
12 December 1,292 1,293 152,774 146,260
Total in 2019 13,727 13,733 1,570,101 1,540,572 Source: Pekanbaru in Figures, 2020
c. Roads
The length of the road in Pekanbaru in 2019 was 1,277.9 km. It includes national roads
83,45 km, provincial road 127,51 km, and city road 1,066.94 km. Most of them are in
good condition 47%, moderate 15% and damage 38%. In addition, road pavement
type in Pekanbaru are 68% asphalt, 6% gravel, 24% soil, and 2% concrete.
Figure II-4: Road Authorithy in Pekanbaru
National83.45
7%Province127.51
10%
City1066.94
83%
Roads-Authority (km)
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Figure II-5: Road Performance in Pekanbaru
Source: Pekanbaru in Figures 2020
Figure II-6: Road Pavement in Pekanbaru
List and hierarchy of the roads can be observed in Table II-5 as follows.
Table II-3: List of roads by function and hierarchy in Pekanbaru
Number Name of road Road authority Lane Number
I Arterial Road
1 Jl. Siak II (Pku) National 4
2 Jl. Sudirman National 4
3 Jl. Sp. Panam-Sp. Kubang (Pku) National 2
4 Jl. Sp. Air Hitam-Sp.Gemar Menabung National 4
5 Jl. Subrantas (Pku)-Bts. Kab. Kampar National 4
6 Jl. Bts. Pelalawan-Sikijang Mati National 2
7 Jl. Sp. Panam-Sp. Air Hitam (Pku) National 2
8 Jl. Sp. Kayu Ara-Bts. Kab. Pelalawan National 2
9 Jl. Sp. K. Nasution (Pasir Putih)-Sp. Kayu Ara (Pku)
National 2
II Primary Collector - 1
1 Jl. K. Nasution (Pku)-Marpoyan (Jl.Tl.Kuantan) National 4
III Toll Road
1 Pekanbaru-Kandis-Dumai National 4
2 Pekanbaru-Bangkinang-Payakumbuh-Bukit Tinggi National 4
Good597.847%
Moderate186.76
15%
Damage493.34
38%
Roads-Performance (km)
Asphalted867.44
68%
Gravel76.67
6%
Soil302.48
24%
Concrete31.31
2%
Roads-Pavement type (km)
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3 Pekanbaru-Rengat National 4
IV Primary Collector – 2
1 Jl. Akses Siak IV (Pku) Province 4
2 Jl. Arifin Ahmad Province 4
3 Jl. H.R. Subrantas Province 4
4 Jl. Hang Tuah Province 2
5 Jl. Riau Province 2
6 Jl. Riau Ujung Province 2
7 Jl. SM. Amin (Pku) Province 4
8 Jl. Sp. Sudirman (Harapan Raya)-Sp. Kayu Ara Province 2
9 Jl. Tuanku Tambusai Province 4
10 Jl. Yos Sudarso Province 4
11 Jl. Riau Ujung-Pantai Cermin (Pku) Province 2
12 Jl. Simpang Pramuka-Batas Kab. Siak Province 2
V Primary Collector – 3
1 Jl. Badak-Sp.Kawasan Industri Tenayan Province 2
2 Jl. Naga Sakti Province 4
VI Secondary Arterial Pekanbaru City
1 Jl. Ahmad Yani 4
2 Jl. Pesantren 2
3 Jl. Adi Sucipto 2
4 Jl. Yos Sudarso-Akses Siak IV 2
5 Jl. Lingkar 70 4
VII Secondary Collector (241 segments) Pekanbaru City 2
VIII Secondary Local Pekanbaru City 2
Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039
Source: RTRW Pekanbaru 2019-2039
Figure II-7: Road network in Pekanbaru City
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Number of vehicles
Table II-6 shows number of vehicles from 2017 to 2019 in Pekanbaru. However, the
vehicle data prior to 2017 was not available to compare. From 2017 to 2019, the growth
of the vehicles per year is around 7.0%. This number is higher than 4.2% of population
growth in Pekanbaru.
Table II-4: Composition of vehicle types in Pekanbaru
Year Passenger car Bus Truck Motorcycles Total
2019 150,035 2,201 59,139 559,461 770,836
2018 139,621 2,018 56,146 522,952 720,737
2017 127,223 1,876 52,107 486,141 667,347
Growth per year (%) 7,9 7,7 6,1 6,8 7,0
Source: Regional Office of Tax and Regional Retribution of Riau Province, 2019
II.4 Public Transportation
The primary means of public transportation in Pekanbaru is BRT called TMP (Trans
Metro Pekanbaru). There are also minibus, called oplet (angkot). They are privately
operated and relatively cheap, serving multiple routes throughout the city. These two
public transportation (TMP and angkot) are considered to be public transportion
in this study.
However there are some transportation that are used publicly, but are not considered
as public transportation. Three wheel motorcycles are also used in some areas. While
ojek (motorcycles) is also used as transportation means in remote area of the city.
Taxis and online transport such as gojek and grab are also widely available.
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A. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP)
Figure II-8: TMP Corridor
Main Corridor of TMP: • Koridor 1 : PANDAU – PELITA PANTAI Perum. Pandau Permai - Jl. Pasir Putih - Jl. Kaharuddin NST - Jl. Jend. Sudirman - Pelita Pantai.
PP • Koridor 1A : AWAL BROS SUDIRMAN – BANDARA SSQ Jl. Sudirman – Bandara SSQ - PP • Koridor 2 : KULIM – TERM. BRPS Terminal BRPS – Jl. T.Tambusai - Jl Jend.Sudirman – Jl.H.Imam Munandar – PP • Koridor 3 : PANAM - UIN - AKSES SUDIRMAN RS. AWAL BROS Kampus UIN - HR. Soebrantas – Jl.Soekarno Hatta – JL.Arifin Ahmad- Jl.Jend Sudirman PP • Koridor 4A : PASAR TANGOR – RAMAYANA Ramayana – Jl.Jend Sudirman – Jl. Hang tuah – Pasar Tangor – PP • Koridor 4B : RAMAYANA - TERM. BRPS Jl.Jend Sudirman – Jl.Ratulangi – Jl.A.Yani. Jl.Riau – Jl.Soekarno Hatta – Jl.T.Tambusai – Term
BRPS – PP • Koridor 4C : KANTOR WALIKOTA – KOMPLEK PERKANTORAN TENAYAN Jl. Jend. Sudirman – Jl. Gajah Mada – Jl. Diponegoro – Jl. Hang Tuah – Jl. Badak – PP • Koridor 5 : PELABUHAN SUNGAI DUKU – PATTIMURA
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Pelabuhan Sei. Duku – Jl.Dr. Soetomo – Jl. WR.Supratman. – Jl – Patimura – Jl. Diponegoro – Memutar mesjid Agung – Jl.Diponegoro – Jl.Patimura – Jl. WR.Supratman. – Jl.DR.Sutomo – Pel.Sei.Duku
• Koridor 6 : PANDAU –TERM. BRPS BRPS – Jl.T.Tambusai – Jl. SM.Amin -JL.HR.Soebrantas – Jl. Soekarno Hatta – Jl. Kaharudin
Nasution – Jl.Pasir Puti – Perum Pandau – PP • Koridor 7A : TRI BAKTI – PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD Tri Bhakti – Jl. T. Tambusai – Jl. Sudirman - Jl. Paus – Jl. Arifin Achmad – PP • Koridor 7B : PUJASERA – PUSKESMAS SIMP. TIGA Jl. Arifin Ahmad – Jl. Rambutan – Jl. Kartama – Jl. KH. Nasution – Puskesmas Smpng. Tiga - PP • Koridor 8A : KANTOR WALIKOTA – UNILAK JL. A.Yani. – Jl. Riau – Jl. Siak II – Jl. Sakinah – Jl. PCR – Unilak • Koridor 8B : UNILAK - PALAS RAYA Jl. Yos Sudarso – Jl. Sri Meranti – Jl. Padat Karya – Jl. Siak II – Jl. Sakinah – Jl. PCR – Stadion
Rumbai
Figure II-9: Coverage of TMP
TMP has 260 bus stops in around 104 km length of corridors. It means that the distance
between each bus stop is around 0.8 km, since the stop is at both side of the corridor.
Assuming the distance of 500 m from the TMP stops covers the public transportation,
the TMP can serve public to get TMP service along the corridors as observed in Figure
II-9.
15
Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020
Figure II-10: Number of Passenger in 2019
Table II-5: BRT Revenue in 2019
Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020
The total number of passenger in 2019 was 3,609,238. So, the daily passenger was
9,888. Around 15.5% of the passengers are students.
The fare for a student passenger is Rp 3,000 while the fare for a non student passenger
(general passenger) is Rp 4,000.
- 50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
NUMBER OF PASSENGER IN 2019
STUDENT NON STUDENT
1 JANUARY 54.789 164.367.000Rp 215.464 861.856.000Rp 1.026.223.000Rp 270.253
2 FEBRUARY 52.265 156.795.000Rp 226.251 905.004.000Rp 1.061.799.000Rp 278.516
3 MARCH 55.553 166.659.000Rp 270.519 1.082.076.000Rp 1.248.735.000Rp 326.072
4 APRIL 46.042 138.126.000Rp 271.211 1.084.844.000Rp 1.222.970.000Rp 317.253
5 MAY 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610
6 JUNE 21.189 63.567.000Rp 219.361 877.444.000Rp 941.011.000Rp 240.550
7 JULY 44.154 132.462.000Rp 264.187 1.056.748.000Rp 1.189.210.000Rp 308.341
8 AUGUST 51.735 155.205.000Rp 256.669 1.026.676.000Rp 1.181.881.000Rp 308.404
9 SEPTEMBER 36.557 109.671.000Rp 262.305 1.049.220.000Rp 1.158.891.000Rp 298.862
10 OCTOBER 57.813 173.439.000Rp 280.135 1.120.540.000Rp 1.293.979.000Rp 337.948
11 NOVEMBER 52.534 157.602.000Rp 275.285 1.101.140.000Rp 1.258.742.000Rp 327.819
12 DECEMBER 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610
560.503 1.681.509.000Rp 3.048.735 12.194.940.000Rp 13.876.449.000Rp 3.609.238
TOTAL PASSENGERTOTAL REVENUE
TOTAL
NO MONTHSTUDENT (FARE RP 3,000) NON STUDENT (FARE RP 4,000)
PASSENGER
16
The earning from tickets is around Rp 14 billion each year, while the operation cost is
about Rp 21 billion each year. So the the government provides around 33% subsidies
for the operation of TMP.
Future Development of Pekanbaru BRT TMP
The Government of Pekanbaru plans to improve the BRT TMP service to provide
accessibility to more population. A feasibility study for Pekanbaru BRT was conducted
by NAMA Facility that was supported by the German Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and UK Department
of Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy.
The feasibility study includes:
• Further development of concept design including pedestrian access, BRT
routes, integration with angkot services, road safety.
• More detailed demand modelling to clarify fare affordability, shifts from private
transport to enhance the design, financial and economic analyses
• Agreement and development of institutional arrangements for governance,
planning, construction and operating the BRT
• Opportunities for Transit Oriented Development
• Environmental and social impacts to be investigated in more detail
• Project risks will be defined together with mitigating actions
• Coordination with agencies so that BRT can be incorporated into the ongoing
road widening in the city
• Stakeholder engagement is crucial for the success of the project and will be
built into the project throughout its duration.
The construction cost and operating cost of the future BRT are shown in Table II-6
and Table II-7.
17
Table II-6: The construction Cost (Preliminary Estimate)
Description Unit Amount %
Construction cost IDR mil 619,285 48%
Depot IDR mil 36,243 3%
Design, supervision, etc IDR mil 87,778 7%
Social Compensation IDR mil 20,144 2%
Bus IDR mil 134,229 11%
Sub-total IDR mil 897,679 81%
Total incl. VAT, others, and contingency
IDR mil 1,107,915 70%
Additional and replacement bus IDR mil 1,000,674
Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT
Table II-7: Operating Costs (Preliminary Estimates)
Description Unit Amount %
Personnel cost IDR mil 12,706 10%
Insurance IDR mil 4,542 4%
General admin IDR mil 2,905 2%
Fuel, tyres, lubricants IDR mil 44,771 36%
Annual maintenance (bus) IDR mil 15,139 12%
Ticketing and fares IDR mil 5,046 4%
Annual maintenance (construction) IDR mil 37,602 31%
Total IDR mil 122,710 100%
Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT
The future development plan for facilities of BRT in Pekanbaru are shown in Figure II-
11, II-12, and II-13.
18
Source: NAMA Facility, Feasibility Study for Pekanbaru BRT
Figure II-11: Future Development of BRT Corridors and Stations
Source: Pekanbarubrt.net
Figure II-12: Future plans of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
Source: Pekanbarubrt.net
Figure II-13: Future Facilities of Pekanbaru Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
19
B. Oplet (Angkot)
There are 139 oplets in 15 routes. Actually, the oplets number is continuously
decreasing due to existence of many online tranportation modes such Gojek, Grab,
Maxim, and many local online app absed operators. Recently, the oplet companies are
not generating much profit because high operational cost and less revenue generation.
The number of oplets for each company can be seen in Table II-8.
Table II-8: Oplet services in Pekanbaru
Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020
102 : Pasar Rumbai - Umban sari
104 : Pasar Rumbai - Term. Senapelan
201 : Term. Senapelan - Tampan
202 : Term. Senapelan - Palas
203 : Term. Senapelan - Rintis
204 : Term. Senapelan - Tj. Rhu
205 : Term. Senapelan - Sukajadi
207 : Term. Senapelan - Labuh Baru Via Rajawali
210 : Term. Senapelan - Gobah
211 : Term. Senapelan - Pintu Angin
212 : Term. Senapelan - Tangkerang
301 : Term. Nangka - Simpang Panam
302 : Term. Nangka - Perumnas Sidomulyo
401 : Term. Dupa Kencana - Kulim Atas
501 : Kulim
C. Taxis (not considered as public transportation)
Although taxis are not considered as public transportation in this study, for comparison,
the number of different typea of taxis in Pekanbaru is shown in Table II-9.
102 104 201 202 203 204 205 207 210 211 212 301 302 401 501
1 KOPRIMA 7 13 2 1 8 1 3 1 3 6 8 1 4 14 72
2 PT. RIAU CITRA SEMESTA 2 10 1 1 4 6 6 1 1 3 35
3 PT. RATU TIGA SAUDARA 2 1 3
4 PT. KUPANG SURYA TRANS 5 1 2 1 1 6 2 1 3 7 29
9 28 2 3 1 14 2 4 1 3 20 16 3 9 24 139
Company
Line
Total
Total
No
20
Table II-9: Number of Taxis in Pekanbaru
NO Company Owner Permit
Active Non-
Active
1 P U S K O P A U Jajang Setiawan 252 26 226 2 K O P S I Taksi Abdul Rahim 159 44 115 3 Riau Indah Transport Masrul 200 0 200 4 Blue Bird S. Suprayogi 300 120 180
TOTAL 911 190 721 Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, 2020
II.5 Master Plan of Transportation Pekanbaru
Government of Pekanbaru has made a Master Plan of Transportation in Pekanbaru
including Outer Ring Road and Toll Road connection that link many centers and Transit
Oriented Development (TOD) in Pekanbaru. The plan is shown in Figure II-14, II-15
and II-16.
Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019
Figure II-14: Master Plan of Outer Ring Road in Pekanbaru
21
Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019
Figure II-15: Planning of Toll Road Connection Pekanbaru-Dumai, Pekanbaru-
Padang, and Rengat-Pekanbaru
Source: Bappeda Pekanbaru, 2019
Figure II-16: Transit Oriented Development, connected by Outer Ring Road
II.6 Bike Lane
There are special lanes for bike riders in Jl. Sudirman, Jl. Gajah Mada, Jl. Pattimura,
and Jl. Diponegoro. However, the lanes are still limited and not very convinient for the
riders.
22
II.7 Planning for parking area
A parking study was condiucted and parking policy was developed. The stsudy was
funded by ADB, 2019:
Situation in Pekanbaru:
• Increasing car ownership
• Illegal parking is hardly managed
• Parking regulation driven by budget
• Revenues are ‘diverted’
• Management system not transparent
Parking demand
• By user group (residents, visitors, commuters)
In sub-areas: 2,250 parking places, 400 off-street and along arteries: 1,500. Figures
II-17, II-18, II-19, and II-20 provide information on parking location, time and duration.
Figure II-17: Parking at CBD of Pekanbaru
23
Figure II-18: Parking time of early and late visitors at CBD
Figure II-19: Parking time at Jl. Sudirman and Jl. Ahmad Yani
Figure II-20: Duration of parking in Pekanbaru Mall
On Wednesday: 70-90% occupied
Conclusions of the study:
• Unclear/chaotic parking situation, no enforcement of illegal parking
• Overall enough parking space
• In certain areas commuters take up space that could be used by visitors
24
• The fee hardly regulates
• Willingness to pay for comfortable parking
Objectives of the policy in parking
• To contribute to the quality of CBD
• Protect the residential function
• Support visitor parking
• Use parking space as efficiently as possible
• Just enough: not too much, not too few spaces
13 Parking Policies:
Some of the parking policies suggeted are:
1. Reduce parking space to benefit pedestrians
30% of spaces to be removed
This is possible:
• Occupation relatively low
• Remove long term parking
• Off-street cap. available
Develop alternatives:
• Bus system
• NMT (non motorized transportation)
2. The Price (now IDR 2,000): very cheap
Figure II- 21 shows comparision of parking price.
Figure II-21: Comparison of parking price of Pekanbaru and around the world
25
Increase and differentiate
• IDR 10,000 for the most preferred – CBD Area
• IDR 5,000 for rest ‘survey area’
Figure II-22 shows proposed parking clusters.
Figure II-22: Proposed parking clusters
3. Extend regulated hours: 8 AM – 8 PM, 7/7 days
4. Permit for residents
5. Tailormade solutions for other groups:
• Handicapped
• Electric vehicles
• Hotel guests
6. Make Policy transparent; Inform!
7. Improved payment system
• Mobile phone payment on the way
8. Optimise enforcement:
• Identify Non-payment & illegal parking
• Issue notice of violation → 2 weeks payment term
• Start collection procedure:
1. Tow and impound
2. Clamp when parked legally
3. Connect outstanding fines with local taxes
4. Check for outstanding fines when selling the car
26
9. Implement ‘physical enforcement’
Monitor the parking system: Occupation, Non-payment, Sales
10. Develop the Organisation
Figure II:23: Organization of Parking Services
11. Set & enforce parking standards and differentiate for quality of public
transport
12. Be prepared to extend the regulation – parking pressure may spread
Financial Consequences
• Existing net benefit IDR 9.2 billion ($ 660,000)
• Calculations made for on-street parking reflecting policy changes:
Fees
Resident’s Permit system
Fix regulated hours to 84 hours/week
Reduced number of parking places. Table II-10 shows financial analyis of proposed
parking system.
Table II-10: Financial Consequences of New Parking System
Cost Billion IDR Revenues Billion IDR
Direct Personnel Cost 3.0 Short term parking 37.9
Other operating Cost 9.1 Residents´ Permits 0.2
Fines 3.9
Total cost per year 12.1 Total revenues per year 42.0
Net Result per Year IDR 29.9 billion (USD 2.1 million)
• 3 times per day, even considering:
27
• Less parking places
• Only accounted for centre parking
• Motorcycles not charged
• All organisation costs included
28
CHAPTER III: SUTI DATA COLLECTION
• The data for SUTI is collected from many sources such as Pekanbaru
Transportation Board, Pekanbaru in Figures (Statistical Office), journal papers,
government institutional reports, panel, experts, newspaper and online media.
• Some meeting with city officials are used to confirm the ata.
• Some of the data are only availabe for 3 consecutive years.
• Some of them does not have trend, as the case of air quality for each year,
because Riau Province is very vulnerable to forest and land fire. In this case,
to get the air quality, only normal year (when moderate climate condition) is
taken for the data.
• There was no special survey was made for this study since it is hard to do the
survey during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the data from prior study from
many sources can be obtained.
29
CHAPTER IV: SUTI DATA AND ANALYSIS
a. Indicator 1
Table IV-1: Assessment of indicator 1
Total Score= 11/16
b. Indicator 2
Table IV-2: Average number of trips per person by main mode of transport
PURPOSE COMMUTING (WORK AND EDUCATION))
MODE # subtotals
a. Scheduled bus and minibus (*) 0.908
b. Train, metro, tram 0.000
c. Ferry 0.000
d. Public transport (a+b+c) 0.91
e. Walking 33.8364
f. Bicycle 0.3001
g. Active transport (f+g) 34.14
h. Passenger car 22.5142
i. 3W - Private 0.0000
j. Shared Auto (Informal PT) 0.000
k. Motorcycle 41.9762
l. Institutional Buses and Auto Rickshaws 0.4653
m. Other motorized (trucks,etc) 0.0000
n. Individual motorized (**) (i+j+k+l+m) 64.96
o. Total 100.00
p. Public and active 35.04
q. Modal share of active and public transport
35.0
Aspects Explanation Score
I) walking networks
The goals are qualitative, with 4 major corridors (Sudirman, Diponegoro, Arifin Ahmad, and Ahmad Yani). There is also some budget provided.
2
II) cycling networks
The goals are qualitative, with corridors in Diponegoro and around Car Free Day area. There is some budget provided to maintain the networks
2
III) intermodal transfer facilities
The goals are quantitative, the intermodal facilities include the riverport Sungai Duku and airport Sultan Syarif Kasim II, and the BRT Pekanbaru. The budget is increasing
3
IV) public transport
The goals are ambitious to have good public transport. The designation covers more than half of the city. The major new funding is planned for the future. There is a feasibility study going on to further develop BRT.
4
30
Table IV-3: Trips for Work and Education
• The share of motorcycle is assumed by the half number of motorcycle
(559,461 x 0.5 = 279731) and passenger in a motorcycle is assumed 1
passenger.
• The share of passenger car is assumed by the half number of passenger car
(150,035 x 0.5 = 75018) and the number of passenger in a passenger car is
assumed 2 passengers.
• The share of BRT is obtained by 115 BRT bus, and each bus is assumed to
have 40 passengers.
• The share of bus (other than BRT) is obtained by 3 bus, and each bus is
assumed to have only 20 passengers.
• The share of Company bus is obtained by 20 company bus, and each bus is
assumed to have 20 passengers.
• The share of bicycle is obtained by 2,000 bikes, and each bike is assumed to
have only 1 passenger.
Modes Number
of vehicles
Passenger in each vehicle
Passenger in each mode
Modal share
2Wh (motorcycles) 279731 1 279731 40.5
3Wh-Pvt (private) 0 0
3Wh-Shared Auto 0 0
4Wh (passenger car) 75018 2 150035 21.7
BRTS 115 40 4600 0.7
Bus 3 20 60 0.0
Company Bus 20 20 400 0.1
Cycle (bicycle) 2000 1 2000 0.3
Oplet (minibus) 139 10 1390 0.2
Other 0 0
Private Bus 20 20 400 0.1
Rail 0 0
School Van 263 8 2101 0.3
School/ College Bus 10 20 200 0.0
Walk 250200 1 250200 36.2
School Rickshaw (becak dayung) 0 0
Grand Total 100 691.116,30 100.0
31
• The share of oplet (angkot) is obtained by 139 angkot, and each angkot is
assumed to have 10 passengers.
• The share of private bus is obtained by 20 private bus, and each bus is
assumed to have 20 passengers.
• The share of school van is obtained by 20% of the number of school (1,313) =
263 van, and each van is assumed to have 8 passengers.
• The share of school/college bus is obtained by 10 college bus, and each bus is
assumed to have 20 passengers.
• The share of people walk is obtained by assuming 50% of age group 15-24
years (107,832+124,068=231,900) and 20% of age group 25-59 years
(107,463+96,785+91,157+84,551+71,636+54,787+41,305 = 547,684)
c. Indicator 3
Figure IV-1: Influence areas of BRT routes
The total length of BRT routes in Pekanbaru measured is 104 km. The number of bus
stops (halt) is 260. The bus stops are at both sides of the roads. It means that in
average, every 0,8 km (104/(260*0.5)) there will be one stop. If a halt covers area with
radius 500 m, then the coverage area of the BRT routes is around 104 km x 1 km =
104 km2.
32
The average population density along the BRT route is around 5,500 inhabitants/km2.
Therefore, the coverage area of BRT is 104 km2 x 5,500 inh/km2 = 572,000
inhabitants, which is 50,03% of the population of Pekanbaru (1,143, 359 inhabitants).
Another way to find the coverage is by comparing BRT coverage area to built area of
Pekanbaru. Built area of Pekanbaru is about 30%x632 km2 = 190 km2. Therefore the
percentage of coverage area is 104 km2 / 190 km2 = 54,7%, which is close to the
above result.
d. Indicator 4
The values for indicator 4 are obtained from many studies that have been performed
to know service level of TMP. The results of the studies are used to assertian qaulity
and reliability of public trrnsport. The resulst are summarized in Table IV-4. The survey
results in local languages are included in Annex-I.
Table IV- 4: Results of satisfation survey
Dimension % SATISFIED
Frequency of the service 74.50
Punctuality (delay)* 75.60
Comfort and cleanliness of vehicles 75.80
Safety of vehicles 80.00
Convenience of stops/stations 72.20
Availability of information 71.60
Personnel courtesy 75.80
Fare level 79.50
Aggregate Responses 75.63
33
Table IV-5: Satisfaction survey detail
Rating
Dimension 5 4 3 2 1 Score
Frequency of the service 0.745
Punctuality (delay)* 9 63 25 3 0 0.756
Comfort and cleanliness of vehicles 10 64 22 3 1 0.758
Safety of vehicles 20 61 18 1 0 0.8
Convenience of stops/stations 21 30 40 7 2 0.722
Availability of information 0.716
Personnel courtesy 16 51 29 4 0 0.758
Fare level 0.795
e. Indicator 5
Table IV-6 shows number of 41 fatalities in transportation in Pekanbaru in 2019
according to Pekanbaru Police Office. The data souce material can be seen in Annex
II (News from KORANMX.COM).
Table IV-6: Road fatalities/population
Fatalities Number
Road transport 41
Railway transport 0
Tram 0
Ferryboats 0
Other 0
Total 41
Inhabitants 1143359
Fatalities/100,000 inh. 3.6
34
f. Indicator 6
The following tables shows revenue generation and derivation of indicator 6 tarnsport
cost as part of income.
Table IV-7: Revenue from BRT
Table IV-8: Travel Costs as part of Income
Services
Monthly Ridership
Market shares
Single ticket price
Monthly cost (60 tickets)
Weighted monthly cost
Oplet (Angkot) 208500 41.2 4000 240000 98872
BRT 297610 58.8 4000 240000 141128
Total 506110 100 0 240000
Mean household income, 2019 3,000,000
Travel cost/Income 8.0
The total number of angkot is 139. The total passengers of angkot in December 2019
is 139x5 trips x 10 passengers x 30 days = 208,500. The fare of angkot is Rp 4,000 in
average. The mean household income in Pekanbaru is around Rp 3,000,000.
g. Indicator 7
The operational cost of BRT in a year is around Rp 21 billion. Therefore the monthly
operational cost is Rp 1.75 billion.
1 JANUARY 54.789 164.367.000Rp 215.464 861.856.000Rp 1.026.223.000Rp 270.253
2 FEBRUARY 52.265 156.795.000Rp 226.251 905.004.000Rp 1.061.799.000Rp 278.516
3 MARCH 55.553 166.659.000Rp 270.519 1.082.076.000Rp 1.248.735.000Rp 326.072
4 APRIL 46.042 138.126.000Rp 271.211 1.084.844.000Rp 1.222.970.000Rp 317.253
5 MAY 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610
6 JUNE 21.189 63.567.000Rp 219.361 877.444.000Rp 941.011.000Rp 240.550
7 JULY 44.154 132.462.000Rp 264.187 1.056.748.000Rp 1.189.210.000Rp 308.341
8 AUGUST 51.735 155.205.000Rp 256.669 1.026.676.000Rp 1.181.881.000Rp 308.404
9 SEPTEMBER 36.557 109.671.000Rp 262.305 1.049.220.000Rp 1.158.891.000Rp 298.862
10 OCTOBER 57.813 173.439.000Rp 280.135 1.120.540.000Rp 1.293.979.000Rp 337.948
11 NOVEMBER 52.534 157.602.000Rp 275.285 1.101.140.000Rp 1.258.742.000Rp 327.819
12 DECEMBER 43.936 131.808.000Rp 253.674 1.014.696.000Rp 1.146.504.000Rp 297.610
560.503 1.681.509.000Rp 3.048.735 12.194.940.000Rp 13.876.449.000Rp 3.609.238
TOTAL PASSENGERTOTAL REVENUE
TOTAL
NO MONTHSTUDENT (FARE RP 3,000) NON STUDENT (FARE RP 4,000)
PASSENGER
35
The monthly operational cost of angkot is the same as its revenue Rp 834,000,000.
Because there is no profit in operating angkot, since they are almost broke.
Table IV-9: calculation of fare-box ratio
Services Fare Revenue Expenses Fare box ratio
Daily Passenger
share (%)
Angkot 834,000,000 834,000,000 100% 6950 41
BRT 1,190,440,000 1,750,000,000 68% 10026 59
Total 2,024,440,000 2,584,000,000 81.12 16976 100
h. Indicator 8
The following tables shows budget allocation for transportt and share of invetsment in
public tarnsport.
Table IV-10: Investment in public transport
INVESTMENTS BY THE CITY (US $) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 average
PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES 1,933,333 1,933,333 6,993,333 3,936,667 2,873,333
3,534,000
TOTAL TRANSPORT 8,006,200 7,003,933 30,200,667 16,320,667 8,258,667 13,958,027
SHARE 25.3
Conversion rate: 1$ = RP 15000
Table IV-11: Budget allocation for transport
Provincial Budget (IDR Billion)2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
New construction 19,09 31,00 322,52 80,56 12,80
Improvement 32,00 5,06 10,00 - 31,28
Maintenance - 40,00 15,00 - -
Total 51,09 76,06 347,51 80,56 44,08
Pekanbaru Budget (IDR Billion)2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
New construction 40 104 20
Improvement 4,7
Maintenance 0,6 1,2 12
Total 40,00 - 0,60 105,20 36,70
Pekanbaru Public Transportation2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Public Transportation 29 29 29,9 42,8 29,2
National Budget Public Transportation2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Public Transportation 75 16,25 13,9
TOTAL 120,09 105,06 453,01 244,81 123,88
36
i. Indicator 9
Table IV-12: PM10 measurment
PM10 days days
Location value (micgr/m3) in a year percentage
good 25 278 83.73
fair 100 52 15.66
unhealthy 250 2 0.60
very unhealthy 385 0 0.00
dangerous 420 0 0.00
no data 0 0 0.00
Total days counted 332 100
average in a year 38.10 VALUE TO ENTER IN SUB-SHEET B
j. Indicator 10
The emission due to transportation in Pekanbaru is measured by the volume of
gasoline and biosolar in the city. The use of Gasoline in 2020 is 142.130 kilo liter; and
Biosolar 130.933 kilo liter.
Table IV-13: GHG emissions from transport
Liters sold CO2-factor Emissions Population Emission/capita
kg/l tons/year
GASOLINE/PETROL 142,130,000.00 2.272 322,848.30
DIESEL 130,933,000.00 2.676 350,376.71
TOTAL 673,225.00 1,143,359.00 0.59
YEARS THAT THE INDICATOR CONCERNS 2019
Source: https://pertamina.com/id/kuota-premium-per-kota-kabupaten-tahun-2020
National Budget for Public Transportation
2017 Rp 1,5 billion x 50 = Rp 75 billion
2018 Rp 650 million x 25 = Rp 16,25 billion
2019 Rp 650 million x 6 = Rp 3,9 billion
2019 Traffic Control System Rp 5 billion
2019 Pedestrian/walk way Rp 5 billion
37
k. Additional Data
Energy Use:
Program B20 is is a mandatory program by Indonesian government to promote use of
sustainable/renewable fuels. B20 is the use of 20% part of solar fuel using biofuel,
mainly from CPO (crude palm oil). The program has been implemented in 2018 and
2019. Program B30 is mandatory in 2020. BRT TMP buses use B20 solar fuel (partly
biofuel).
To control emission of the vehicle, there is yearly emission test for each public
transport. It is to ensure that the emission is not larger than the maximum emission
permitted.
Gender and Inclusiveness
There is special seat in BRT bus for differenly-abled and aging society. And also sticker
on the bus wall to remind passengers to give priority seats for women, aged and
differently abled users. Ramp facilities for wheel chair and dotted line for the blind.
38
CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS
a. Spider Diagram (interpretation of results, observation, etc.)
Figure V-1: SUTI Spider diagram
The spider diagram shows that some index that are low:
1. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
2. Convenient access to public transport service
3. Investment in public transportation systems
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00
100.00
1. Extent to which transportplans cover public transport,
intermodal facilities andinfrastructure for active…
2. Modal share of active andpublic transport in
commuting
3. Convenient access topublic transport service
4. Public transport qualityand reliability
5. Traffic fatalities per100.000 inhabitants
6. Affordability – travel costs as part of income
7. Operational costs of thepublic transport system
8. Investment in publictransportation systems
9. Air quality (pm10)
10. Greenhouse gasemissions from transport
39
b. SUTI final table
Table V-1: SUTI Derivation for Pekanbaru
S. No. Indicators Value Normalized
1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
11.00 68.75
2 Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
35.0 31.31
3 Convenient access to public transport service 50.03 37.54
4 Public transport quality and reliability 75.63 70.19
5 Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants 3.59 64.14
6 Affordability – travel costs as part of income 8.00 85.71
7 Operational costs of the public transport system 81.12 75.79
8 Investment in public transportation systems 25.32 50.64
9 Air quality (pm10) 38.10 79.93
10 Greenhouse gas emissions from transport 0.59 78.59
SUTI- Geometric mean 61.32
40
CHAPTER VI: IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON URBAN MOBILITY
Lockdown in Pekanbaru
There was no complete lockdown in Pekanbaru during Covid-19 pandemic. However,
there was so called PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar), that was a big scale
social limitation. During PSBB, the schools were closed. The government office were
still open, but most of the officials worked from home. The markets were very limited
access. Public transportation (TMP) was still running, but only 40% of the total buses
were running.
Some of the facts about PSBB in Pekanbaru are as follows:
• The duration of PSBB was 42 days, from 17 April 2020 to 28 May 2020
• The full city was under PSBB.
• Restriction:
1. Factories, whole sale markets, retail markets, and offices were still open
but with limited workers.
2. Malls and schools were closed.
3. Cultural/social/religious gathering were banned.
• Exemptions of essential services:
1. Medical services, surgeries, public utilities, policing, milk, grocery,
vegetables, traditional markets
• Restriction in mobility:
1. Social distancing
2. Bus, people, personalized vehicles, taxis, uber, public transport, and
walking were allowed.
• Information dissemination methods to promote control of infection spreading:
1. National media, stay home campaign
2. No military use, no local police use, except during night time.
• Post lockdown (PSBB) to enforce social distancing:
1. Information campaign, face mask compulsory, disinfection of busis,
depots
• Quantification of public transport
41
Table VI-1: Quantity of bus before and during Covid-19
No Description Before Covid-19
During Covid-19
Post Covid-19
1 Total number of buses 75 75 75
2 Average daily buses on road
75 30 30
3 average daily passengers on board
9,951 1,664 4,600
4 Average revenue per day Rp 39,804,000 Rp 6,656,000 Rp 18,400,000
5 Average expenditure per day
Rp 57,534,246 Rp 25,000,000 Rp 25,000,000
• Post PSBB, due to disinfection activities there is additiona cost to the operator
• Post lockdown, there is a limit on the capacity of bus, 50% lower.
• Post lockdown, there is no extended additional support to public transport
agencies
• During lockdown:
1. Online working high popularity
2. Online teaching very high popularity
3. Online meeting very high popularity
4. Online shopping moderate popularity
5. Online services (banks) moderate popularity
6. Walk/bicycle to work very low popularity
• Post lockdown:
1. Online working moderate popularity
2. Online teaching high popularity
3. Online meeting high popularity
4. Online shopping low popularity
5. Online services (banks) low popularity
6. Walk/bicycle to work very low popularity
• Short term initiatives:
• Medium term initiatiatives
• Long Term Initiatives
42
VI.1 Public transport situation before COVID-19 and current situation
Limited Number of Bus and Corridors
During Covid19 pandemic, started April until September (current situation), the number
of TMP buses that operate were reduced from 75 to 30, as can be seen in Table VI-2.
The operation of TMP is reduced from 13 corridors before covid19 to be only 8 corridors
currently.
Table VI-2: Comparison of bus number before COVID-19 and current situation
NO CORRIDOR Before
Covid19 Current
Situation Bus Size
1 01 (PANDAU - RAMAYANA) 13 8 big
2 1A (BANDARA - AWAL BROSS) 2 0 big
3 02 (TERMINAL BRPS - KULIM) 10 5 big
4 03 (SUDIRMAN - UIN) 11 5 big
5 4A (PASAR TANGOR - RAMAYANA) 8 3 big
6 4B (RAMAYANA - TERMINAL BRPS) 7 2 small
7 4C (WALIKOTA - KOMP. PERKANTORAN TENAYAN) 3 1 small
8 05 (PELABUHAN SUNGAI DUKU - SUDIRMAN) 2 0 small
9 06 (PANDAU - TERMINAL BRPS) 6 3 big
10 7A (TRI BAKTI - PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD) 2 0 small
11 7B (PUJASERA ARIFIN AHMAD - PUSKESMAS SIMPANG TIGA)
2 0 small
12 8A (WALIKOTA - UNILAK) 8 3 small
13 8B (UNILAK - PALAS RAYA) 1 0 small
Total 75 30
Source: Pekanbaru Transportation Board, August 2020
Service Time restriction
There is also change in time of operation from normal condition: 05.00 am to 09.00 pm,
to become in current operation: 06.00 am to 07.00 pm (during pandemic).
Decrease Passengers and Bus Frequencies
The number of passengers and bus frequencies also occurred during the pandemic,
as can be seen in the following Table and Figures.
43
Table VI-3: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020
Figure VI-1: Number of passengers for each TMP corridor January-August 2020
The normal situation before Covid19 pandemic was in January and February 2020. In
March, the pandemic started. There was lockdown in Pekanbaru during April and May
2020. The lockdown then was released in June until now. In Table VI-2 and Figure
VI-2, the TMP passengers in February were 298,545, then decreased in May to be
49,939 (16.7% compare to that in February). However in August, it became 138,007
(46.2% compare to that in February).
Month 01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10 TOTAL
January 95718 4435 41751 48801 32048 14306 3018 2371 19330 1378 1647 19162 1318 285283
February 97643 4724 43661 55079 32498 13813 2979 2129 20428 1656 1567 20965 1403 298545
March 77026 4171 32782 46873 23912 11197 2262 1435 16444 1099 1205 17026 926 236358
April 23436 0 6351 10426 4526 2541 398 0 3797 0 0 6047 0 57522
May 22109 0 6268 6998 4185 2195 317 0 2890 0 0 4977 0 49939
June 37447 0 11958 15969 7388 3892 674 0 5812 0 0 8849 0 91989
July 47445 0 18029 22557 10029 5607 628 0 9413 0 0 9919 0 715 799 125141
August 50585 0 20314 25595 11009 5649 692 0 10819 0 0 10917 9 667 1307 138007
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
January February March April May June July August
TMP Passenger, 2020
01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10
44
Table VI-4: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020
Figure VI-2: TMP Bus Frequency January-August 2020
Figure VI-1 and Figure VI-2 show the impact of Covid19 pandemic to public
transportation in Pekanbaru. In March, although the bus frequency was relatively
constant, the number of passengers started to decrease. In April to August, compare
to January to March, the bus frequencies were always relatively higher than the number
of passengers. It means that, the impact of the pandemic cause the people not to use
public transportation.
Increasing expenditure and Decreasing Revenues
The pandemic also causes potential financial implications such as additional
expenditure to provide cleanliness, hygiene, and desinfection procedures. The
decrease of number of passengers on the other hand also reduces the revenues fro
Month 01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10 TOTAL
January 2401,5 824,5 1557 1746,5 1852 1612,5 590,5 722 903 650,5 540,5 1409,5 363,5 15173,5
February 2303,5 750,5 1520 1863,5 1602,5 1430,5 561,5 623,5 947 633,5 507,5 1395 326,5 14465
March 2389,5 745 1501,5 1907,5 1456 1502,5 558 641,5 968,5 640,5 535,5 1439,5 326 14611,5
April 1147,5 0 423,5 970,5 574 391 167,5 6 406,5 0 0 822 0 4908,5
May 862,5 0 582 740 491 355 148 0 357,5 0 0 713,5 0 4249,5
June 1124 0 660 893,5 582,5 420 177 0 481 0 0 829 0 5167
July 1877 0 1019 1512,5 1103,5 880,5 207 0 1122 0 0 1182,5 0 357 349 9610
August 2105,5 0 1107 1653 1225,5 737 210,5 0 1187,5 0 0 1284,5 344,5 555 556 10966
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
January February March April May June July August
TMP Bus Frequency, 2020
01 1A 02 03 4A 4B 4C 05 06 7A 7B 8A 8B 09 10
45
the tickets. Decreasing the number of passengers 83.3% in May 2020 (see Table VI-
2) caused hard impact to the revenues.
Cleanliness, hygiene and disinfection
Cleanliness, hygiene and disinfection process of public transportation have been
perfomed. The workers are instructed to wipe out with desinfectant the grills, hand
bars, and other parts of the bus and halt to minimize the virus spread.
Figure VI-3: Cleanliness, hygiene and dinsifection procedures at TMP
Staggering seating arrangements in covid19, only 50% of the capacity are used.
46
Figure VI-4 Seating arrangements and facilities for health protocol
Health Protocol in Public Transportation During Pandemic
• Always wear mask
• Wash hands before entering halt or use hand sanitizer
• Keep physical distance
• 50% capacity of the bus
• Clean and wipe out grills, hand bars, seats in the buses and halts periodically
by workers.
47
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUDING REMARKS
RECOMMENDATION TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN MOBILITY
1. SUTI assessment in Pekanbaru shows that some index that are low and need
significant efforts to improve:
a. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
b. Convenient access to public transport service
c. Investment in public transportation systems
2. In order to decarbonize of public transport, BRT TMP buses use B20 solar fuel (20%
partly biofuel). To control emission of the vehicle, there is yearly emission test for
each public transport. It is to ensure that the emission is not more than the maximum
emission permitted.
3. There is special seat in BRT bus for differenly-abled and aging population. And also
sticker on the bus wall to remind passengers to give priority seats for women, aged
and differently abled users. Ramp facilities for wheel chair and dotted line for the
blind are alo provided.
4. Impacts of COVID-19 on urban mobility:
a. Service time restriction
b. Decrease in passengers volume (only 16.7% of normal condition),
bus frequencies (28% of normal condition), bus number (40% of
normal condition).
c. Higher operation cost due to additional cost for health protocol.
48
CHAPTER VIII: REFERENCES AND OFFICIALS MET
VIII.1 References
Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2016
Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2017
Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2018
Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2019
Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka (Pekanbaru in Figures) 2020
www.pekanbarubrt.net
https://pertamina.com/id/kuota-premium-per-kota-kabupaten-tahun-2020
KoranMX.com 41 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Laka Lantas di Pekanbaru, Sepanjang 2019, 01 January 2020
Provinsi Riau Dalam Angka (Riau in Figures) 2020
https://www.bmkg.go.id/kualitas-udara/informasi-partikulat-
pm10.bmkg?Lokasi=PEKANBARU
RTRW Kota Pekanbaru 2019-2039 (Pekanbaru Spatial Plan)
VIII.2 Experts and officials met
1. Yuliarso, Head of Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City
Government)
2. Sunarko, Secretary of Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City
Government)
3. Septian, Official at Pekanbaru Transportation Board (Pekanbaru City
Government)
4. Marsetyawan, Planner at Riau Planning Research Development Board (Riau
Provincial Government)
5. Officials of Pekanbaru Planning Board
6. Harmaini (Riau Transportation Safety Community)
49
Annex-I: Survey forms and results for quality and reliability in Indonesian
50
51
Annex II: Road safety data source (Indonesian) 41 Nyawa Melayang Akibat Laka Lantas di Pekanbaru, Sepanjang 2019 Rabu, 01 Januari 2020 - 16:12 WIB Reporter : Ridho Fernandes Redaktur : Raja Mirza KORANMX.COM, PEKANBARU--Sepanjang tahun 2019, sebanyak 135 kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas (Laka lantas) terjadi di kota Pekanbaru. Akibatnya, 41 orang korban meninggal dunia, 53 luka berat dan 123 korban lainnya mengalami luka ringan. Dengan kerugian materil mencapai Rp 304,1 juta. Hal itu diungkap Kapolresta Pekanbaru, Kombes Pol Nandang Mukmin Wijaya SIK saat gelar ekspose akhir tahun 2019, Selasa (31/12/2019). "Angka ini menurun dari tahun lalu 2018," ucap Nandang. Di tahun 2018 kata Nandang, jumlah Lakalantas mencapai 195 kasus. Dengan korban meninggal dunia sebanyak 82 orang, luka berat 73 orang dan luka ringan 322 orang. Dengan kerugian materil ditaksir mencapai Rp 565,5 juta. "Tahun ini (2019, red) ada 135 kasus, dengan korban meninggal dunia 41 orang, 53 luka berat dan 123 korban luka ringan. Angka kerugian materi Rp 304,1 juta," sebutnya. Sementara, untuk pelanggaran lalu lintas di tahun 2019 ada sebanyak 21.619 tilang, ditambah dengan sanksi teguran 2.301. Dengan jumlah keseluruhan 23.920. "Perbandingan di tahun 2018, pelanggaran lalu lintas sebanyak 20.386 tilang, untuk teguran ada 2.488. Dengan total keseluruhan 22.874," tutupnya. (*)
52