Data Centers: How Does It Affect My Building’s Energy Use ......• Total Data Center Power =...

© Facility Engineering Associates 2012

Data Centers:How Does It Affect My Building’s EnergyUse and What Can I Do?

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David Cosaboon, LEED APO+M

• Worked with numerous datacenter facilities

• Specializes in energymanagement and buildingoperations

• Author of several articlesrelevant to energy andsustainability including:• IFMA Sustainability “How to”

Guides (co-author)• Data Center Assessments and

Metrics• Building Metering and Monitoring

Project Engineer

Facility Engineering Associates, PC

Speakers


Laurie Gilmer, P.E., CFM,SFP, LEED AP O+M, CxA

• Leads FEA’s energy managementand sustainability services.

• Assisted many facilities withENERGY STAR label and LEEDcertification projects

• Co-authored IFMA’s ENERGYSTAR How-to Guide

• Member of IFMA’s SustainabilityCommittee

• IFMA Instructor

Associate

Facility Engineering Associates, PC

Speakers


• Gain an understanding of data center metrics

• Get to know available benchmarking tools

• Understand data center energy assessmentstrategies

• Understand several types of energyconservation measures

Learning Objectives


• Introduction

• Metrics

• Tools

– ENERGY STAR

– Data Center Profiler (DC Pro)

• Assessing

• Case Study

Outline


Introduction

• Data center energy use had doubled between 2000 and2006

• Estimated that more than 60 billion kilowatt hours usedin 2006 for data center operation

Source: Federal Energy Efficiency Management Program http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/dc_energy_consumption.html


Efficiency Metrics

• Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE): A metric used toevaluate DC efficiency. Ratio of total power used byDC and power used for IT equipment.

• Total Data Center Power = lights, HVAC, IT, etc

• Total IT Power = UPS, servers, communications, etc

[kW]PowerITTotal

[kW]PowerCenterDataTotalPUE

Source: Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. Munther Salim. Hewlett Packard. 2008


Efficiency Metrics

• Data Center Infrastructure Effectiveness (DCiE): Ametric used to evaluate DC efficiency. Ratio of powerused for IT equipment and total power used by DC.

• Total Data Center Power = lights, HVAC, IT, etc

• Total IT Power = UPS, servers, communications, etc

[kW]PowerCenterDataTotal

[kW]PowerITTotalDCiE



Efficiency MetricsGreen Grid Rating System

• Note: Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE) is thereciprocal of PUE -- 1/PUE



Airflow Metrics

• Rack Cooling Index (RCI) – Indication of ITEquipment cooling effectiveness


Airflow Metrics

• Return Temperature Index (RTI) – Indicationof air recirculation or bypass.– Function of supply and return air temperatures

and rack inlet and exhaust Temperatures

• Supply Heat Index (SHI) – Indication of airrecirculation– Function of server intake and exhaust

temperatures and supply air temperature


Airflow Metrics

• Problem: Air Recirculation

Possible Solutions:•Return air plenum•Blanking panels•Ensure adequateairflow

•Close gaps betweencabinets

Source: Salim, M. (2008). Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. NFM&T, (pp. 29-31). Baltimore


Airflow Metrics

• Problem: Bypass Air

Possible Solutions:•Locate perforatedtiles correctly

•Seal gaps in raisedfloor

•Ensure air flow rate isnot excessive



Airflow Metrics

• Problem: Negative Pressure Air

Possible Solutions:•Ensure air flow rate isnot excessive



BenchmarkingENERGY STAR

• Rating available for Data Centers

• Requirements

Gross floor area

IT energy configuration

IT energy meters

• Optional Attributes

UPS System Redundancy

Cooling Equipment Redundancy


BenchmarkingDC Pro Tool

• Online data center assessment tool

• Developed by the US Department of Energy

• Takes user inputs and generates energy usebreakdowns, PUE/DCIE, suggested ECMs

• http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/datacenters/index.html


DC Pro Tool - Purpose

• Purpose:

– To diagnose how energy is being used anddetermine ways to save energy and money.

– A first step to identify potential savings andreduce environmental emissions associated withdata center energy use.


DC Pro Tool - Inputs

• Description

• Utility Bill Data

• System Information

– IT

– HVAC

– Electrical

– On-site Generation


DC Pro Tool - Outputs

• Overall energy use and efficiency

• End-use breakout – site and source energy

• Potential areas for energy efficiencyimprovement

– No/Low Cost Items

– Capital Expenditure Items

• Overall energy use reduction potential


DC Pro Tool - Outputs


Other Tools

• Airflow Calculator

– An Excel based calculator that helps the user develop theRCI and RTI metrics.

– Proposes possible conservation measures to improve onthe airflow management

• Electric Power Chain Calculator

– Proposes possible conservation measures to improve onthe power chain efficiency based on user inputs

– Provides an overview of UPS efficiencies

• Website– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/datacenters

/index.html


Case Study - Facility Overview

• Data Center– 2,600 SF data center

– 285 SF office area within data center

– Mechanical Equipment• 3 Liebert CRAC Units

• 1 base building VAV unit for office area

– Electrical Equipment• 80-kVA UPS and PDU

• 20 Rack Mounted UPS’s and 28 Rack Mounted PDU’s

– Redesigned by 3-4 years ago


• Step 1: Preparation

– Review mechanical and electrical plans

– Review utility bills and establish rates, demand,usage, and costs

– Define test and measurement points

– Discuss items with Client

Case Study - Energy Audits Process


• Step 2: Execution

– Data collection

• Collect data (e.g. nameplate information, manuals,inventory, BAS data, etc)

• Prepare instrumentation (data loggers) and gatherpower and temperature measurements



• Step 3: Reporting

– Perform analysis

– Identify issues

– Establish recommendations

– Draft report

– Submit



Case Study - Data Logger Locations

• Intake and Exhaust Temperature Data

– Server Intake – The data logger for the serverintake was placed on the rack on the cold side

– Server Exhaust – The data logger for the serverexhaust was placed in the hot aisle opposite theintake logger

73

73.5

74

74.5

75

75.5

76

76.5

77Intake and ExhaustTemperatures

Intake Temperature (°F) Exhaust Temperature (°F)



• Hot and Cold Aisle Temperature Data

– Hot Aisle – located 7-feet above the raised floor.

– Cold Aisle – located 7-feet above the raised floor

65

67

69

71

73

75

77

79

Hot and Cold Aisle Temperatures

Temperature of Cold Aisle (°F) Temperature of Hot Aisle (°F)


Case Study - Data Logger Locations• Supply and Return Temperature Data

– Supply Air – located under the raised floor tiles in thedirect stream of supply air.

– Return Air – located in the upper portion of each CRACunit in the direct stream of return air.

50

55

60

65

70

75

CRAC #1 Supply and Return Temperatures

Return Temperature (°F) Supply Temperature (°F)



• Ambient Temperature and Humidity Data– Supply Air – located under the raised floor tiles in the direct

stream of supply air.

– Return Air – located in the upper portion of each CRAC unit in thedirect stream of return air.

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

CRAC #1 Relative Humidities

Relative Humidity of Return Air (%) Relative Humidity of Supply Air (%)

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

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CRAC #1 Relative Humidities

Relative Humidity of Return Air (%) Relative Humidity of Supply Air (%)


Case Study - Metrics

Metric Name Unit Target Value

CRAC/CRAH/AHU Temperature Differential °F - 7.6

Average Rack Temperature Rise °F - 15

Return Temperature Index (RTI), measure of by-pass air andrecirculation air.

% 100 51

Rack Intake Temperatures °F - 70

Rack Cooling Index (RCI), measure of conformance with an intaketemperature specification (e.g., ASHRAE, NEBS).

% 100 100

Supply Heat Index (SHI) - <0.40 0.66


Case Study - Findings

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

PU

E

Data center number

PUE

Metric Name Value TargetPUE (Total Power/IT Power) 1.79 1.25-2.00DCiE (IT Power/ Total Power) 56% 50% - 80%


Case Study - Recommended Measures

Energy Conservation Measure Annual Savings ImplementationCost ($)

SimplePayback (yrs)kWh/yr $/yr

ECM#1: Cable Mining Program 4,093 278 0 Immediate

ECM#2: Floor-Tightness Program 4,093 278 0 Immediate

ECM#3: CRAC Unit Shut off 17,536 1,192 0 Immediate

ECM#4: Recalibrate Temperature and HumiditySensors

5,265 358 500 1.3

ECM#5: Server Utilization Monitoring - - 0 Immediate

ECM#6: Server Audit 13,103 891 0 Immediate

ECM#7: Server Virtualization 18,345 1,247 0 Immediate

ECM#8: UPS Replacement 39,995 2,720 65,000 23.9

ECM#9: Occupancy Sensor Installation 2,857 194 1,500 7.7

Total 105,287 7,159


Other Measures to Consider

• Return Air Plenum Installation

• Blanking Panels

• Temperature and Humidity Setpoint

• Aisle Containment Curtains


ContactInformation

Mark your calendars for…

• October 16, 2012: BuildingInformation Modeling(BIM)

FEA-U Info:

• Mayra Portalatin, SFP, LEED [email protected]

Today’s Presenter(s):

• David Cosaboon, LEED AP O+M

[email protected]

•Laurie Gilmer, P.E., CFM, SFP,LEED AP O+M, CxA

[email protected]

Thanks!

Data Centers: How Does It Affect My Building’s Energy Use ......• Total Data Center Power =...

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