Data and Database Management System (DBS)

Computer processing involves two components: data and instructions (program). Data used by programming instructions are often accessed in either of two ways.

There are two methods for designing the interface between programs instruction and data. File oriented processing.

The disadvantages of file oriented processing include redundant data and programs and varying formats for storing the redundant data

In file oriented environments, programmer develop physical files to record data and generate output for each desired view of the data. In data oriented environments, programmers develop and integrated data store to record data.

Data DBMS

Application A

Application B

Application c

EXHIBIT C-1 Database Architecture

A DBMS environment allows the development and maintenance of a data repository that is independent from applications programs.

MW 1pm 340Calvin 1Acc

Time Room Teachers Section Course

CCSJennifer Samson34567

AMath Shelly Sanders23456

B History Bob Smith 12345

GradeMajor First Name

Last Name

Student #

TTh 2 pm 205Hobbes1CS

STUDENT RECORD

COURSE RECORD

CMathPerry Lincoln 34567

A-CSMary Fisher 23456

B History Bob Smith 12345

COURSE RECORD

STUDENT RECORD

Course Record

Student Record

EXHIBIT C-2 Sample Hierarchical Structure

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Assets Liabilities Equity

Current Assets Current Liabilities Revenue

Property, Plant And Equipment

Long Term Liabilities Expenses

EXHIBIT C-3 Accounting Data In a Hierarchical Structure

Name

Maureen RodriguezSteve Anderson Cheryl Gibbs Lyn Hoggan Scott Kirkham Karrie Eaquinto Jim Stice

Telephone Number

485-5215268-9615377-3216226-5476321-9512462-6387373-6733

EXHIBIT C-4 A Sample Relational Table

EXHIBIT C-4 A Sample Relational Table

Name Telephone BalanceNicol 123-4567 123,456Benjamin 852-7412 365,412Tate 951-3578 214,569Charisse 357-4563 456,321 Marty 632-1587 124,682Sariah 145-9687 975,632McKell 875-6891 112,002

Name Telephone Balance213 01Sep99 Nicol 214 01Sep99 Charisse215 02Sep99 Benjamin216 02Sep99 Tate 217 03Sep99 Marty218 03Sep99 Sariah219 04Sep99 McKell

Item # Description Price Cost1 Rocket 215 1002 Violin 250 753 Bat 35 224 Doll 56 12

Invoice # Item # Qty 213 1 2 214 2 1 215 2 1 216 4 5

217 3 2

218 4 1

CUSTOMER SALE

PRODUCT PRODUCT-SALE

Record # 1

Record # 2

Record # 3

File Database

Employee #

Customer #

Register #Sale #

Fields

Record Layout

EXHIBIT C-6 File Structure Relationship

To create a physical and logical data environment, the developer begins by using data definition commands to create the data structures. The developer also specifies how data items and structures are related.

Next, the developer creates input/output screens (for collecting or displaying data), queries, reports and document formats.

Programmers can directly input data into the data structures, or they can test their macros, forms and programs to input the initial pool of data.

In some environments, database have been narrowly defined for capturing, maintaining and reporting the data and information for supporting day-to-day business operations. In this environments, database are the key component of the online transaction processing system (OLTP)

An increasing number of IS developers are advocating the use of data warehousing technology to satisfy this need for what is called online analytical processing (OLAP)

Data warehouses contain data from operational databases, as well as data from other. Often external, sources. The objective is to capture and make available the knowledge and information viewed as critical for analysis and decision making. Data warehouses provide summary data as of a certain point in time.