Working in a Small Group/Team

Davit DarsavelidzeUniversity of North Texas

PADM 5030Human ResourcesInstructor: Dr. Abraham Benavides

05/01/2013

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Prepared for the G*STEP Practicum

Is it working in a small group/team effective?

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Advantages

Disadvantages

Team Norms and Contract

Tuckman’s Model of team development

Conclusion

Outline

Why do we usually hate or just simply do not like a team work?

Team Work

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Disadvantages:

• Distrust and conflict, fear for a failure

• Sacrifice of Individual interest for a team interest

• Need of Facilitation and leadership skills

• Necessity of sharing responsibilities

• Difficult team members

Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rwqnoL2FcEo/T97Wf9lYSII/AAAAAAAAAGk/9EMHxNFAbfE/s1600/teamwork_teamwork_A.jpg

Why do we usually involve ourselves

in a team work?

Source: http://foreverlyn.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/teamwork.jpg

Source: http://calstate.fullerton.edu/multimedia/2011su/Green-Campus-

group-622.jpg

Advantages:

Source: http://www.cmu.edu/teaching/designteach/design/instructionalstrategies/groupprojects/benefits.html

• Productivity - “More hands make for lighter

work.”

• Creativity - “Two heads are better than one.”

• Motivation - “The more the merrier.”

Increased

Developing skills of working in

groups Increasingly important in

the professional practice(Caruso & Woolley, 2008)

If there is no way but working in a group,

How to cope with it better?

What should we know?

Source: http://blogs.itap.purdue.edu/learning/files/2011/05/GroupOfStudents-300x210.jpg

How to cope with a team work?

We should answer the Questions:

1. What is a team?

2. What is a team contract?

3. What are the stages of a team development?

What is a team?

"A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose,

performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable."

(Katzenbach & Smith, 1993)

It is an institutional unit, with• common mission/purpose/goals• structure (leader, facilitator, member, etc.)• tasks/ project(s) • limited resources (human, financial, materials, time, etc.)• permanent or temporary lifecycle• Etc.

What are team work norms & a contract?

Source: (team contract example, provided at G-step workshop)

• Creating team procedures

• Agreeing on expectations

• Specifying the consequences if someone fails to follow

the procedures/expectations

• Defining rules for review of the contract

Team contract examples:

http://www.pmtraining.com.tw/member_pmp/Team%20Contract%202.0.pdf

http://www.seas.gwu.edu/~bhagiweb/cs1/teamwork.html

Team development stages?

Source: http://www.pmhut.com/the-five-stages-of-project-team-development

Tuckman’s model (1965, 1977)

Adjourning

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

V

IV

III

II

I

a forming stage – Team development

Source: http://salvos.org.au/scribe/sites/2020/files/Resources/Transitions/HANDOUT_-_Tuckmans_Team_Development_Model.pdf

Adjourning

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

V

IV

III

II

I

• Establishing base level expectations (team contract)

• Identifying similarities and differences

• Agreeing on common goals

• Making initial contact and bonding

• Developing trust among team members

Source: http://www.mindtools.com/media/HomePage/forming225x150.jpg

A storming stage – Team development

Source: http://salvos.org.au/scribe/sites/2020/files/Resources/Transitions/HANDOUT_-_Tuckmans_Team_Development_Model.pdf

Adjourning

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

V

IV

III

II

I

• Sensing power and control issues

• Becoming skillful in communication

• Spotting out resources

• Engaging in conflict Reacting to leadership

• Members independent or counter dependent

Source: http://www.team-building-techniques.com/images/iStock_000009056432XSmallConflictX.jpg

A norming stage – Team development

Source: http://salvos.org.au/scribe/sites/2020/files/Resources/Transitions/HANDOUT_-_Tuckmans_Team_Development_Model.pdf

Adjourning

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

V

IV

III

II

I

• Coming to an agreement on roles and processes

for problem-solving

• Making decisions through the process of

negotiation and consensus building

Source: https://www.cpp.com/images1/hero/brand_process_hero_apply.jpg

A performing stage – Team development

Source: http://salvos.org.au/scribe/sites/2020/files/Resources/Transitions/HANDOUT_-_Tuckmans_Team_Development_Model.pdf

Adjourning

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

V

IV

III

II

I

• Achieving effective as well as satisfying results

• Finding solutions collaboratively

• Caring about each other

• Establishing a unique identity

• Developing interdependency in a team work

Source: http://www.sunsail.com.au/files/holiday-options/Corporate/Team%20Building/team-building-overview.jpg

Source: http://www.yostella.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/istock_000008506568xsmall.jpg

An adjourning stage – Team development

Source: http://www.pmhut.com/the-five-stages-of-project-team-development

V

IV

III

II

I

• Celebrating success

• Reviewing lessons learned

• Identifying best practices for using in the future

Adjourning

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

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Conclusion

Success in a team work depends on: Pull of skills, knowledge, and intelligence of

members

High commitment of group members

Clear understanding of a team interest

Proper need assessment, conflict management, and

social contract

Fair division of responsibilities and benefitsSource: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hWc20fnsIFo/TcvaEyY0xYI/AAAAAAAAAqQ/sFU1GbhiMf8/s1600/love_and_hate_by_baro24.jpg

Caruso, H.M., & Wooley, A.W. (2008). Harnessing the power of emergent interdependence to promote diverse team collaboration. Diversity and Groups. 11: 245-266.

Katzenbach, J.R. & Smith, D.K. (1993). The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-performance Organization. Boston: Harvard Business School.

Tuckman, B (1965). "Developmental sequence in small groups". Psychological Bulletin, 63 (6): 384–99. DOI:10.1037/h0022100

Tuckman’s Team Development Model. Retrieved on march 28, 2013, from: http://salvos.org.au/scribe/sites/2020/files/Resources/Transitions/HANDOUT_-_Tuckmans_Team_Development_Model.pdf

References:

Questions, suggestions?

Thank you for your attention

Soure: http://page2anesthesiology.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/teamwork.jpg