Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang
description
Transcript of Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang
![Page 1: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter
Xinmin Zhang Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing Outline of the talkI. Current status on determination of the equation of state
of dark energy and Quintom ModelII. Interacting dark energy and mass varying neutrino
III. A unified model of dark energy, dark matter and baryo
genesis
IV. Searching for CPT violation with CMB
V. Summary
![Page 2: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dark Energy:* Negative pressure:
)3(3
4/ p
Gaa
0a 3/1/ 03 pwp* Smoothly distributed, (almost ) not clusteringCandidates:* Cosmological constant (or vacuum Energy)
g
GT
8
1/ pw eV10~m
)102(8
3-
43
eVG
p
12010~/ obth cosmological constant problem!
* Dynamical Field: Quintessence, K-essence, Phantom etc
)(2
1QVQQL
VQpVQ QQ 22
2
1,
2
1
11 Qw
![Page 3: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Constraints on the Dark Energy
A quantity characterizing the property of Dark Energy:
Equation of state: w(Z)=P/ρ
For example :
* Vacuum Energy: w=-1
* Quintessence:
* Phantom:
Using the recent 157 Supernova data
published by Riess et al. (astro-ph/0402512)
* Within 2 σ, the cosmological constant fits well the data
* Data mildly favors a running of the W across -1
Model independent analysis with the following parameterization: 1 , w(z)=w_0 + w_1* z
2 , w(z)=w_1 + w_a*z/(1+z)
![Page 4: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Feng, Wang & Zhang
Astro-ph/0404224
Huterer & Cooray
Astro-ph/0404062
z
w
![Page 5: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Implication in model building of dark energy If the running of w(Z), especially a transition across –1, confirmed
in the future, big challenge to the model building
* Vacuum : w=-1
* Quintessence: ( 精质 )
* Phantom: (幽灵) * K-essence: or but cannot across -1 A new scenario of Dark Energy : Quintom (精灵) (Zhang et al. Astro-ph/0404224) For ex:
single scalar:
multi-scalar:
![Page 6: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Quintom Model building: Why challeQuintom Model building: Why challenges?nges?No-Go Theorem:No-Go Theorem: Equation of State W can not Equation of State W can not cross over w=-1 if the following cross over w=-1 if the following conditions are satisfied:conditions are satisfied:
I. Einstein GravityII. Minimal CouplingIII. Single Scalar Field IV. Without higher derivative
Examples of Quintom-like Models: 1. two scalar field 2. single scalar field with higher derivative 3. including vector field …… 4. Nonminimal Coupling ……..
Vikman Phys. Rev. D 71, 023515 (2005)Gong-Bo Zhao et al. astro-ph/0507482
Bo Feng et al. astro-ph/0404224
…….Hao Wei, PhD Thesis
![Page 7: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Detailed study on: Two-field models of Quintom Dark Energy -Xiao-fei Zhang ,Hong Li, Yunsong Piao and Xinmin Zhang
I. Quintom model with two scalar fields:
II. Quintom model with Phantom field and neutrino:
Astro-ph/0501652
![Page 8: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Quintom with Single scalar field and Higher Derivative
Forequivalent to two fields
Mingzhe Li, Bo Feng, Xinmin Zhang, hep-ph/0503268
![Page 9: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
astro-ph/0407259, Steen Hannestad, Edvard Mortsell
Adding CMB,LSS data
![Page 10: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Include DE perturbation when Include DE perturbation when parametrizing the EOSparametrizing the EOS
Seljak et alAstro-ph/0407372
Ch. Yeche et alAstro-ph/0507170
Neglect DE perturbations
Including DE perturbation only when w>-1
BIASED!!
![Page 11: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How to calculate the How to calculate the fluctuationfluctuation of Dark Energy ?? of Dark Energy ??
Difficulty:Difficulty:
, 0 ,1 ww
![Page 12: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Perturbation of DE continuous never diverge!
Zhao et.al PRD 72,123515
Dark Energy Perturbation in two-field Quintom model
![Page 13: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Our strategy to handle perturbations Our strategy to handle perturbations when w crosses -1 for parametriz when w crosses -1 for parametriz
ed EOSed EOSI. Quintessence – like perturbation;
II. Phantom – like perturbation;
III.
1)(zw
1)(zw
1)(1 zw
0 ,0
![Page 14: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Constrains on dark energy with SN Ia (Riess) + SDSS + WMAP-1
Observing dark energy dynamics with supernova, microwave background and galaxy clustering Jun-Qing Xia, Gong-Bo Zhao, Bo Feng, Hong Li and Xinmin Zhang Phys.Rev.D73, 063521, 2006
![Page 15: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Jun-Qing Xia, Gongbo Zhao, Bo Feng, Hong Li and Xinmin Zhang Phys.Rev.D73, 063521, 2006
)1/(*1 zzwww 0
WMAP+SDSS+Riess WMAP+SDSS+SNLS
Comparision of global fitting results with SN Ia (Riess) and SNLS
![Page 16: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Constrain on dark energy by WMAP group (importance of perturbation)
![Page 17: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Current constrains on dark energy1. Cosmological constant fit the data well
2. Dynamical model are not ruled out
3. Quintom is mildly favored
Short summary :
![Page 22: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Features of Quintom ( “ 精灵 ” ) Dark Energy Model
I. Challenges to Model building: A lot of recent studies on the models of Dark Energy with equation of state across -1
II. Dark energy perturbation well defined: Implications in CMB, LS
S ……
III. Different from cosmological constant, Quintessence and Phantom in the determination of the evolutions and the fate of the universe
Oscillating Quintom
![Page 23: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Oscillating Quintom and the Recurrent Universe: astro-ph/0407432 Bo Feng, Minzhe Li, Yunsong Piao, Xinmin Zhang
![Page 24: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Parameterization: Astro-ph / 0605366
![Page 25: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bump-like dark energyBump-like dark energy
![Page 29: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
EoS with feature:
![Page 30: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Probing this feature with GRB??
![Page 31: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Precise Hubble diagram from SNe IaPrecise Hubble diagram from SNe Ia From Dr. Xiao Feng Wang’s Hangzhou talk ( May, 2006)From Dr. Xiao Feng Wang’s Hangzhou talk ( May, 2006)
![Page 32: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Interacting Dark Energy
Current data favors Quintom
Quintom Dark Energy is described by dynamical scalar fields
Expected also to interact with the matter directly. Open new possibilities for the detection.
* Direct coupling with ordinary matter
Constraint from the limits on the long-range force
* Interacting with DM (Peebles et al )
* Interacting with neutrinos ---Mass varying neutrinos
* Derivatively couplings----Cosmological CPT violation CMBPol
![Page 33: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
M
llQ
RcR NNQ
m
Xinmin Zhang etal. PRD68, 087301 (2003)
Dark Energy and neutrinos:
Any connection between Dark Energy and neutrinos?
1. ΛCDM:
2. QCDM:
443 )()10( mev
plQ M
meVm
23310
If yes, very interesting: 2 of the biggest discoveries in the recent years Predictions : neutrino masses vary and cosmological CPT violation
![Page 34: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Where, Corresponding the formula for the neutrino mass upper limit now is:
![Page 35: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Astro-ph/0309800
![Page 36: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
New features of neutrino Dark Energy model:
I. Unlike the ordinary matter
the massive neutrino has equation of state
II. Neutrino plays an important role in the evolution
of the universe
III. Mass varying neutrinos effects on CMB, LSS
IV. Testing mass varying neutrinos with GRB
V. Testing mass varying with neutrino oscillations
0w
![Page 37: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Cosmological evolution of Interacting Dark Energy models with mass varying neutrinos hep/ph/0412002 -Xiaojun Bi, Bo Feng, Hong Li, Xinmin Zhang
![Page 38: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Astro-ph/0503349
![Page 39: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Testing mass varying neutrino with short GRB -Hong Li, Zigao Dai, Xinmin Zhang: hep-ph/0411228
![Page 40: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Neutrino oscillation probes of Dark Neutrino oscillation probes of Dark EnergyEnergy
D.B. Kaplan D.B. Kaplan et al.et al., PRL 93,09180, PRL 93,091801 (2003);1 (2003);
V. Barger V. Barger et al.,et al., hep-ph/0502196; hep-ph/0502196;M. Cirelli M. Cirelli et al.et al., hep-ph/0503028., hep-ph/0503028.
Basic idea :
given by
)()()( ieff VV
)()( 0 Mmmeff
)(effV
Solar Neutrino oscillationNeutrino oscillation :
ee rA
UrMmrM
rMrMmU
Edr
di
00
0)(
))(())((
))(())((
2
12
202
23
23
21
01
npei ,,,
![Page 41: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Derivative couplings: A unified model of dark energy, dark matter and baryon matter
1) A unified model of baryogenesis and dark energy ----Quintessential baryo/leptogenesis
2) Probing CPT violation with WMAP and Boomerang
3) When SUSYing, Quintessino is dark matter particle ----A unified model of dark matter and dark energy
![Page 42: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
M.Li, X.Wang, B.Feng, X. Zhang PRD65,103511 (2002) M.Li & X. Zhang , PLB573,20 (2003)
BJ
M
QcL
intIn thermo equilibrium
Cosmological CPT violation baryogenesis Quintessential Baryo(Lepto)genesis
M
TQgc
TO
T
Tg
dEmEEg
nn
bbbb
TETEm
bbbB bb
6])([
6
][)(2
n
23
3
]/)exp[(11
]/)exp[(11
2/122
2
32
45
2Tgs
MTg
Qgcsn b
B
24
15/
Cohen & Kaplan
The value of depends on the model of Quintessence
Cosmological CPT violation!
![Page 43: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Searching for CPT Searching for CPT violationviolation
![Page 44: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cosmological CPT violation: predicting <TB> and <EB>
Bo Feng, Mingzhe Li , Jun-Qing Xia, Xuelei Chen and Xinmin ZhangPhys. Rev. Lett. 96, 221302 (2006)
(Note here the notation: G ~ E, C~ B)
![Page 45: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Quintessino As Dark Matter•If susying the Quintessence: Quintessence: Q; Squintessence: σq ; Quintessino:
Similar to : Axion, Saxion, Axino Majoron, Smajoron, Majorino
•If is lighter than , could serve as Dark matter
•Susying the following interaction (H: SU(2) doublet)
gives
gives
* Prediction: long-lived charged particle:
(R. Mohapatra and Zhang)
(X. Bi, M. Liand Zhang)
* Non-thermal production of Quintessino:
![Page 46: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Summary
I. Quintom Dark Energy Models:
Current data consistent with the cosmological constant
but mildly favor the Quintom: a dynamical dark energy with
Equation of state evolving and crossing -1
need more data and model building of Quintom dark energy
II. The massive neutrino might have connection with
dark energy; open up a possibility of detecting dark energy
non-gravitationally
need more study
III. Derivative couplings --A unified model of dark energy, dark matter and ba
ryogenesis: Quintessino as dark matter particle
IV. Cosmological CPT Violation: Predicting <TB> and <EB>
need more data
![Page 47: Dark energy and its connections to neutrino, baryo/leptogenesis and dark matter Xinmin Zhang](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56813f57550346895daa200d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thanks !Thanks !