DANIELI,SEBACHER,ROBERTB,LEE,Ill Ai DJOSEPHJ,NATHIS€¦ · March 25, 1978 launch at I:09...

- HA._T,,_--Y,'TJoIIliIIIIJlIIIIIIIIJIIIIJIIIIliIIIIIIflIIIIIIIIIIl/IfIIIIlllfll3 1176 00162 41 71

NASA Technical Memorandum 81830

NASA-TM-81830 19800020440

L

1GROUNDcLOUDHYDROGENCHLORIDE,MEASUREMENTSFROM

THREETITAJ'_LAUi_ICHESATTHEKENNEDYSPACECEi_ITER

DURING1978AND1979

DANIELI,SEBACHER,ROBERTB,LEE,IllAi_DJOSEPHJ,NATHIS

L"_--_'.-"_ _;.t .u,',._..):,).'4_,-,:-

.-¢

L _i_'.;ii :_

JUL 10,_LU

Ik.

BI/ ANational Aeronautics andSpace Administration

Langley Research Center

Hampton,Virginia23665

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800020440 2020-06-03T06:52:57+00:00Z

GROUND CLOUD HYDROGEN CHLORIDE MEASUREMENTS FROM

THREE TITAN LAUNCHES AT THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER

DURING 1978 and 1979

Daniel I. Sebacher, Robert B. Lee Ill9 and Joseph J. Mathis° Langley Research Center

SUMMARY

Total hydrogen chloride and gaseous hydrogen chloride concentrationswere measured in the exhaust cloud produced at three Titan Ill launches atthe Kennedy Space Center in March 1978, December 1978, and November 1979.The primary purpose of this study was to determine the degree of hydrogenchloride partitioning in a solid rocket exhaust cloud between gaseoushydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid aerosol as the cloud is dilutedwith humid ambient air. Moderately low relative humidity conditions werepresent during a daytime launch on March 25, 1978, and high relativehumidity conditions were present during a nightime launch on December 13,1978.

Total and gaseous hydrogen chloride concentrations and meteorologicaldata, as a function of time after launch, are presented in this report. Themeasurements show that hydrogen chloride is present in both the gaseous andaerosol phase in the exhaust cloud. Total HC_ concentrations ranged from 18parts per million by volume (ppm) several minutes after launch down to l ppmafter the cloud stabilization period, depending on the meteorological condi-tions. Gaseous HC£ concentrations ranged from 2 to 3 ppm several minutesafter launch to less than l ppm after cloud stabilization. These measuredconcentrations indicated significant HC£ aerosol formation.

INTRODUCTION

Solid propellant rocket motor (SRM) launches produce an exhaust cloudcontaining hydrogen chloride (HC£) along with other pollutants which arerapidly diluted with the surrounding moist ambient air. The environmentaleffects of HC£ in SRM exhaust clouds are being studied by the NASA LangleyResearch Center under the launch effluent monitoring program, usingTitan Ill launches, to prepare for the environmental impact of future SpaceShuttle flights. The object of the LVE program is to assess the accuracy of

. analytical models, under development, which will predict the dispersion ofSRM exhaust effluents from current and future launch vehicles. The purposeof this study was to measure the partitioning of HC_ in a Titan II exhaustcloud between hydrochloric acid aerosol and gaseous HC£ as the cloud isdiluted with ambient air. Partitioning was determined by measuring theHC_ concentration with an in-house developed HC£ gas filter correlationdetector (GFC), which measures only gaseous HC_, and simultaneously with acommercial total HC£ detector (Geomet). These measurements will be used forverification of modeling schemes being developed for the exhaust cloud studies.

The NASA has monitored a number of previous Titan Ill launches whichincluded ground-level measurements of the exhaust effluents settling to theEarth's surface as well as airborne measurements within the stabilized cloud.

This program had a dual purpose of developing the measuring techniques andoperational procedures for Shuttle launches, as well as accumulating data tobe used to evaluate the environmental impact of future launch activities.Details of the LVE program can be found in references l to lO.

This paper will summarize the airborne measurements obtained during theMarch 25, 1978 launch at I:09 p.m.e.s.t., during the December 13, 1978 launchat 7:40 p.m.e.s.t., and during the November 21, 1979 launch at 9:08 p.m.e.s.t.Meteorological information has been included to make the data set as complete aspossible. A detailed analysis of parts of the March 1978 launch data has beenpu:Jlishedand can be found in reference II. The format of this paper is one ofdetailed data presentation of all three launches.

SYMBOLS

C temperature, centigrade

Geomet total HC_ detector (gaseous plus aerosols)

GFC gas filter correlator (gaseous HC_ detector)

LVE launch vehicle effluents

ppm parts per million by volume

SRM solid rocket motor

T launch time

DATA RESULTS

Airborne Measurement Program

A twin-engine light aircraft, used as the sampling platform, was maintainedin a holding pattern west of the launch site until T + l minute. Airbornesampling passes were then executed through the center of the cloud in both thedownwind and crosswind directions every 3 to 5 minutes using a continuousfigure "8" pattern. The cloud center was determined visually by the flight crew.

The sampling aircraft (ref. 8) was equipped to monitor gaseous HC_ (GFC)and total HC_ (Geomet). In addition, routine flight parameters (altitude,heading, and air speed) were recorded. A complete documentation'of the GFC maybe found in reference 12, and a detailed description of the Geomet is given inreference 13. Installation of the sampling system aboard the aircraft isillustrated in figure I. Effluent air samples are taken into the aircraftthrough specially designed sampling probes located in the nose of the aircraft.These probes extended forward of the flow-field disturbance created by the air-craft nose, thus collecting undisturbed, free-stream sampling air.

Exhaust Cloud Stabilization

The launching of a Titan Ill produces a plume of hot exhaust effluentswhich mix with the moist ambient air and rise because of buoyancy forces.Only the SRM boosters contribute effluents to the gound cloud since theliquid propel.lantis ignited at a higher altitude. After rising for 4 to 8minutes after launch, the exhaust cloud usually stabilizes at an altitude of

. l to 2 km depending on the meteorological conditions, and then drifts withthe prevailing winds.

The March 1978 exhaust cloud stabilized at about 1.5 km and data wereobtained starting at 7 minutes and ending at I09 minutes after launch usingthe airborne sampling system. Cloud altitude stabilization obtained by air-craft penetration is shown in figure 2. Penetration times were taken whenthe HC£ sensors indicated that the aircraft first entered the exhaust cloud.

Figure 2 was plotted from the data of table I which lists the samplingaltitude, aircraft heading, and cloud penetration time for each samplingpass.

The December 1978 exhaust cloud stabilized at about 1.22 km and datawere obtained starting at 3 minutes and ending at 40 minutes after launch.Cloud altitude stabilization of this launch is shown in figure 3, and thetabulated sampling parameters are given in table Ill. The November 1979exhaust cloud stabilized at about 1.56 km, and data were obtained at 4 minutesand ending at 23 minutes after launch. Cloud altitude stabilization of theNovember 1979 launch is shown in figure 4, and the tabulated samplingparameters are given in table Ill.

Meteorology

Meteorological conditions obtained from rawinsonde measurements takennear the launch time are presented in figure 5 for the March 1978 launch, infigure 6 for the December 1978 launch, and in figure 7 for the November 1979launch. Relative humidity and temperature of the ambient air are the dominantmeteorological parameters which determine the amount of HC£ aerosol formationin the exhaust cloud. Since all three clouds stabilized below 2 km, thevertical profiles of temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and relativehumidity were terminated at this altitude. All three launches were carriedout at launch complex 41.

Airborne HC_ Measurements

March 1978 launch.- In-cloud concentrations of total HCi (Geomet) and

gaseous HCZ (GFC) measured during each sampling pass are shown in figure 8.

Zero time for each of these plots was set at launch time which was I:09 p.m.,

e.s.t, for the March launch. Clear weather conditions occurred during thisdaytime launch, allowing extensive sampling for up to I09 minutes after

launch. Thirty sampling passes were completed. For this launch, maximum

observed total HC£ concentration was about 18 ppm, having occurred during pass4. The total HC£ concentration rapidly decayed after this maximum to a valueof about 2 ppm during pass 30 _6498 seconds after launch). Maximum observedgaseous HC£ concentration was about 2.5 ppm, occurring during passes 5 and 6.The gaseous HC£ concentration also rapidly decayed to a value of about 0.6 ppmduring pass 30. Peak values of HC£ concentration for each pass were evaluatedfrom figure 8 and were tabulated in table IV. These values indicate an °exponential decay of both total and gaseous HC£ concentration with time.

December 1978 launch.- In-cloud concentration of total HC£ (Geomet),gaseous HC£ (GFC), relative humidity, and temperature measured during eachsampling pass of the December launch are shown in figure 9. Relative humidityand temperature measurements were added to the airborne measurement program atthis time because of difficulty in correlating the HC£ partitioning datato the rawinsonde meteorology measurements (references II and 12). Brokencloud conditions occurring during this nighttime launch, allowed for only l!passes before the exhaust cloud was lost. For this launch, maximum observedtotal HC£ concentration was about 9.7 ppm during pass 2, and maximum gaseousHC_ was about 1.6 ppm during pass I. Both total and gaseous HC£ concentrationagain rapidly decreased. The peak values obtained from figure 9 are tabulatedin table V.

November 1979 launch.- In-cloud concentrations of total HC£ (Geomet),gaseous HC£ (GFC), relative humidity, and temperature measured during eachsampling pass of the November 1979 launch are shown in figure lO. Overcastconditions occurring during this nighttime launch resulted in only eightpasses being completed before the exhaust cloud was lost. For this launch,maximum observed total HC£ concentration was about 3.8 ppm and maximum gaseousHC_ was about 0.4 ppm, both measured during pass I. Total HC£ and gaseous HC_concentrations again rapidly decreased with time, but the values measuredduring this launch were much lower than those measured at corresponding timesafter launch when compared to the other two launches. Two passes were madeunder the cloud as indicated in table Ill to determine if any rainout of HC£was occurring under these meteorological conditions. Low-level concentrationsof HC_ were measured for each of the passes executed under the cloud.

CONCLUDING REMARKS

The data presented in this report have verified that HC£ can exist inboth the gaseous state and the aerosol state in a SRM exhaust cloud. Noattempt was made to interpret the HC£ partitioning measurements in this paper.The characteristics of the exhaust clouds of these launches were typical ofother launches in that the clouds stabilized below 2 km and then dissipatedunder moderate meteorological conditions. The measured profiles show that theHC£ concentrations decreased with time as expected as the cloud grew in volumewhen diluted with ambient air. Meteorological information has been includedto make the data set compatible with the data gathered during earlier launches.

REFERENCES

I. Gregory, Gerald L.; Hulten, William C.; and Wornom, Dewey E.: ApolloSaturn 511 Effluent Measurements From the Apollo 16 Launch Operations-An Expe¢iment. NASA TM X-2910, 1974.

- 2. Gregory, Gerald L.; and Storey, Richard W. Jr.: Effluent Sampling ofTitan IIIC Vehicle Exhaust. NASA TM X-3228, 1975.

3. Stewart, Roger B.; Sentell, Ronald J.; and Gregory, Gerald L.: ExperimentalMeasurements of the Ground Cloud Effluents and Cloud Growth During theFebruary II, 1974, Titan-Centaur Launch at Kennedy Space Center. NASATM X-72820, 1976.

4. Gregory, Gerald L.; Wornom, Dewey E.; Bendura, Richard J.; and Wagner,H. Scott: Hydrogen Chloride Measurements From Titan III Launches at theAir Force Eastern Test Range, Florida 1973 Through 1975. NASA TM X-72832,1976.

5. Gomberg, Richard I.; and Stewart, Roger B.: A Computer Simulation of theAfterburning Processes Occurring Within Solid Rocket Motor Plumes in theTroposphere. NASA TN D-8303, 1976.

6. Bendura, Richard J.; and Crumbly, Kenneth H.: Ground Cloud EffluentMeasurements During the May 30, 1974, Titan Ill Launch at the Air ForceEastern Test Range. NASA TM X-3539, 1977.

7. Stephens, J. Briscoe; and Stewart, Roger B.: Rocket Exhaust EffluentsModeling for Tropospheric Air Quality and Environmental Assessments.NASA TR R-473, 1977.

8. Wornom, Dewey E.; Woods, David C.; Thomas, Mitchel E.; and Tyson, Richard W.:Instrumentation of Sampling Aircraft for Measurement of Launch VehicleEffluents. NASA TM X-3500, 1977.

9. Gregory, Gerald L.; Bendura, Richard J.; and Woods, David C.: LaunchVehicle Effluent Measurements During the May 12, 1977, Titan Ill Launchat Air Force Eastern Test Range. NASA TM-78753, 1979.

IO. Wornom, Dewey E.; Bendura, Richard J.; and Gregory, Gerald L.: LaunchVehicle Effluent Measurements During the September 5, 1977, Titan IllLaunch at Air Force Eastern Test Range. NASA TM-80065, 1979.

II. Sebacher, Daniel I.; Wornom, Dewey E.; and Bendura, Richard J.: HydrogenChloride Partitioning in a Titan Ill Exhaust Cloud Diluted With AmbientAir. AIAA Paper 79-0299, 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, New Orleans,La., January 15-17, 1979.

12. Sebacher, Daniel I.: Airborne Nondispersive Infrared Monitor forAtmospheric Trace Gases. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, Nov. 1978, pp. 1520-1525.

13. Gregory, Gerald L.; and Moyer, Rudolph H.: Evaluation of a HydrogenChloride Detector for Environmental Monitoring. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48,Nov. 1977, pp. 1464-1468. __

Table I.- Aircraft Sampling ParametersMarch 25, 1978 Launch

i|

Pass Sampling Aircraft Time of CloudNumber Altitude Heading Penetration after Launch

m deg. sec

1 826 319 258

2 1146 251 426

3 1463 335 603

4 1568 238 788

5 1487 330 939

6 1501 207 1075

7 1495 315 1222

8 1481 217 1376

9 1486 49 1525

• i0 1490 240 1695

ii 1514 330 1865

12 1480 238 2126

13 1515 330 2288

14 1496 235 2553

15 1495 326 2735

16 1484 247 3011

17 1494 340 3238

18 1500 240 3461

19 1500 332 3687

20 1470 242 4008

21 1503 330 4257

22 1480 243 4574

23 1487 330 4746

24 1502 243 4975

25 - -

26 1500 239 5536

27 1496 332 5745

28 1481 243 6072

29 1487 339 6262

30 1478 59 6498

Table II.- Aircraft Sampling Parameters

December 13, 1978 Launch

Pass Sampling Aircraft Time of Cloud

Number Altitude Heading Penetration after Launchm deg. sec

3

1 818 ii0 197

2 917 100 310

3 919 85 453

4 992 210 595

5 1200 125 909

6 1260 300 1055

7 1260 150 1176

8 1270 40 1357

9 1250 103 1692

10 1220 44 1852

ii 1220 Ii0 1978

Table IIi.- Aircraft Sampling ParametersNovember 21, 1979 Launch

Pass Sampling Aircraft Time of Cloud

Number Altitude Heading Penetration afterLaunchm deg. sec

1 1220 205 265

2 1315 295 335 -

3 1566 207 505

4* 1403 278 655 "

5 1577 208 945

6 1525 295 1085

7 1479 280 1225

8* 1400 350 1325

under the cloud

8

Table IV.- Peak HC% Concentration Measured with Geomet and GFC

March 25, 1978 Launch

Peak Concentrations (ppmv)Pass

Number

Geomet I GFC

1 4°8 -

2 11.5 1.5

3 15.6 1.5

4 18.0 2.0

5 12.5 2.5

6 10.7 2.5

7 i0.0 2.3

8 i0.0 2.1

9 7.7 1.2

i0 5.3 1.3

ii 7.6 1.6

12 5.6 1.5

13 6.0 1.5

14 3.5 1.2

15 4.5 1.0

16 4.3 1.3

17 2.2 -

18 3.1 0.9

19 5.0 0.9

20 3.4 1.0

21 3.2 0.8

22 3.6 0.6

23 3.3 0.8

24 2.9 0.8

25 m

26 2.7 0.7

27 3.7 0.9

28 2.0 .-

29 2.0 -

30 2.6 0.6

9

Peak HC% Concentration Measured with Geomet and GFC

December 13, 1978 Launch

Pass Peak Concentrations (ppmv)Numb er

Geomet GFC •

1 16.0 1.6

2 9.7 1.2

3 9.2 0.8

4 1.7 0.5

5 1.9 0.4

6 1.6 0.5

7 1.0 0.5

8 0.7 _

9 0.6 0.3

i0 0.7 0.3

ii 1.6 0.3

Peak HC% Concentrations Measured with Geomet and CFC21 November 1979 Launch

Pass Peak Concentration (ppmv)

NumberGeomet GFC

1 3.8 0.4

2 1.9 0.2

3 3.7 0.3

4 0.8 0.I

5 0.8 0.I

6 0.5 0.i

7 0.3 0.i

8 0.3 0.i

i

Tech. I PilotAir Sampling

Geomet Probes

• IIGas Filter Correlation Detector

I FI_

I Instrument I Dir

Controls i ,

.]

Air Sample Dump

Figure i.- Aircraft instrumentation. (Cessna 402)

2.0"

1.6 --

°

1.2

Cloud Altitude

km

0.8

remained stabilized at 1.5 km

, least 6500 sec after launch

0.4

0 ! J L I 1 L _ I0 200 400 600 800 i000 1200 1400 1600

Time After Launch, sec

Figure 2. - Cloud altitude stabilization measured by aircraft penetration.

March 25, 1978

2.0 --

1.6 .

I°2 --

C!oud Altitude

0.8

remained stabilized at 1.22 km

0.4 / for at least 3700 sec after launch

/0 I I I I I I I !

0 200 400 600 800 i000 1200 1400 1600


Figure 3.- Cloud altitude stabilization measured by aircraft penetration.December 13, 1978

1.6

1.2

Cloud Altitudekm

0.8

Exhaust cloud lost in natural

clouds at 1400 sec after launch

0.4

0 I I I I I ! I0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400


Figure 4.- Cloud altitude stabilization measured by aircraft penetration.November 21, 1979

Altitudem

/

i000 - -

\B

0 I I i I "i'-II5 15 25 140 200 260 120 O 2 4 6 50 60 70 80

Temperature Wind Direction Wind Speed Relative HumidityC deg m.sec -I %

Figure 5.- Vertical profiles of temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and relative-- humidity at Kennedy Space Center from rawinsonde measurements for

Harch 25, 1978, T - 40 minutes.

2000 _ I _ :1, ! i

/

Altitude I000 - -m

0 I '

i0 20 0 180 360 0 2 4 6 8 i0 70 80 90 i00

Temperature Wind Direction Wind Speed Relative HumidityC deg m sec -I %

Figure 6.- Vertical profiles'of temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and relative

humidity at Kennedy Space Center from rawinsonde measurements forDecember 13, 1978, T + 40 minutes.

2000 I / i i "" I I I

SD

Altitudem I000 -

0 I I0 i0 20 30 0 90 0 4 8 12 60 80 i00

Temperature Wind Wind Relative IIumidityC Direction Speed %

deg m sec -I

Figure 7.- Vertical profiles of temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and relativehumidity at Kennedy Space Center from rawinsonde measurements for

November 21, 1979, T - 40 minutes.

Pass 2

lO!IIC.% ,GeometConcentration

ppm

5 GFC

0 _ , i _.;420 440 460 480

TimeAfterLaunch,sec

20 -

15 - Pass 3

HC_ ,GeometConcentration 10

ppm

S GFC

I

o J-J_, , , , , _, -600 620 640 660

TimeAfterLaunch,sec

Figure 8.- Measured hydrogen chloride concentrations obtained incloud withairborne sensors versus time after launch. March 25, 1978

]8

20 Pass 4

IS j Geomet

HC£

Concentration I0ppm

5

781 800 820 840


1S

Pass S

HC£ i0 GeometConcentration

ppm

S GFC

0 I i ! I

935 955 975 995

Time After Launch_ sec

Figure 8. - Continued.

19

15 •

Pass 6

I0 GeometHC_

Concentration /

ppm /

0 ;v i I i I1065 1085 llOS 1125 1145


Pass 7J

10 _Geomet

Concentration i

ppm " 5 / __'_jGFC

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280



2O

Pass 8

10 _/Geomet

HC£

0 '-- I i I .... _ _----'_ !1370. 1390 1410 1430 1450


I0 Pass 9

HC£ Geomet

Concentration. 5

ppm GFC

0 t l1520 1540 1560 1580


I0 -

Pass I0

HC_ _Geomet

Concentration. 5ppm !/_f____

0 _ .....; I I I I

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

Time A£ter Launch, sec


2]

10 -

Pass ii

HC_ _"//_ Geomet

Concentrati°n 5- ./ v ___

ppm p

0 _ I i

1860 1880 1900 1920


I0 -

Pass 12

HC£ .Geomet

ConcentratiOnppmS /k______//_

__/_._' _ GFC

.2120 2140 2160 2180 2200

Time After Launch, sec --

IO

Pass 13

HC£_Geomet

ConcentrationS p" _--___/•ppm _ GFC

0 i m m2280 2300 2320 2340

Time After Launch, sec J


22

I0 -

HC£ Pass 14Concentration

5• ppm

GFC

- 0 ..... T _ -r ' ' i ..... I

2550 2570 2590 2610


Pass 155 .Geomet

Concentrationppm

2730 2750 2770 2790


Pass 16

5 __//GeometConcentration GFC

ppm _ r_ ,0 ,'" _" I I I - -,, !3000 3020 3040 3060


" Figure 8. - Continued.

23

Pass 17

HC_ GeometConcentration

3230 3250 3270 3290


Pass 18

5[_ .GeometHC£

Concentration

ppm

3450 3470 3490 3510 3530


Pass 19

5[ 14 GeometConcentration

ppra0 -----'-"-_1 _ i I --r'-'_-----------. _ I

3680 3700 3720 3740



24

Pass 20

a HC£ 5 [ Geomet

ConcentratiOn.ppm[ ____FC0 j_-------.--'i i , __- i4000 4020 4040 4060

Time After Launch,sec

Pass 21

5 _ _GeometConcentration

ppm 0 j , , i , "'--_-/-- "'__4255 4275 4295 4315 4335


Pass 22

HC_ _ j GeometConcentration,

ppm /

4560 4580 4600 4620



25

m

5 r Pass 23 Geomet

ConcentratiOnppm /"-. I-_-..... _ _ i _ I0 i4740 4760 4780 4800 4820


5 Pass 24 Geomet

Concentration ..r\ .1 GFCppm /.-/_ -

0 _ .I-- , --, _----- , -----,----__,, , ---"_4970 4990 5010 5030 5050


5 Pass 26 _Geomet

Concentration GFC

ppm

5530 5550 5570 5590 5610


Figure 8. Continued.

26

5 Pass 27 Geomet

Concentration ./"_ppm _ GFC

5760 5780 5800 5820 5840a


HCZ 5 [ Pass 28

fConcentration

ppm Geomet

6060 6080 6100 6120


5 Pass 29HCZ

Concentration /Ge°met

ppm " "'_"_ "/_"- _-"T"_0 _ i I _ "_] |6260 6280 6300 6320 6340


Pass 30

HC_ GeometConcentration,

ppm

0 _/ .... f ° _6490 6510 6530 6550



27

15 -

Pass 1

i0-

2_C_

Concentration

ppm

_

GFC

i00 -

8o_-Relative Humidity Relative Humidity

% 6O -

Temperature Pass 1

C 40-

20 - / Temperature

I l ! ; I I

180 200 220 240


Figure 9.- Measured hydrogen chloride concentrations, relative humidity

and temperature obtained in-cloud with airborne sensors

versus time after launch. December 13, 1978

9_

Pass 2i0-

Geomet

HC_Concentration 5 -

ppm _/0 _ _ r. ....

i00 -

80-_

- Relative Humidity

60 -Relative Humidity

% - Pass 2

TemperatureC _ 40 -

- Temperature

20 -

0

! I I I I ]_ !° 300 320 340 360


Figure 9.- Continued.

29

Pass 3i0

HCZ Geomet

Concentration 5

ppm

GFC

i00 -

Relative Humidity

60-

Relative Humidity% _ Pass 3

40 -Temperature

C

Temperature

20

0

0 _ I i _ i I

440 460 480 500



30

Pass 4

_

Geomet

HC_

Concentration - GFCppm

i00

80 __1\_j\f_- \.!_._._\j. 1_._"

- X'Relative Humidity

Relative Humidity 60 -% Pass 4

Temperature 40 -C

_ _Temperature

20 -

f

0

- | I I I I I I

580 600 620 640



31

Pass 5

5 -Geomet

Concentration

ppm GFC

0 -- --_ f-_----"_-'_

i00 -

- __/_

- Relative Humidity

60 -

Relative IIumidity Pass 5%

Temperature 40 -C

20 _ _ _jjTemperature

0

I I I I I I I

900 920 940 960



32

Pass 6

_

HC_ Geomet

Concentration - _ _ppm ._._.__// _

0

i00 -

8o!elative Humidity

Relative Humidity 60 -%

Temperature Pass 6c 40 -

m

20 - _/, Temperature

0

i l I I I f i1050 1070 i0{)0 11!0



33

5 - Pass 7

HC_ Geomet

Concentration _

ppm GFC

0 .... -'_- "-_ - "_

i00 -

_j x...,,.,. ,.,,_/'--_-80

- Relative Humidity


%Pass 7

Temperature 40 -C

- Temperature

20 -

0

I I t I I I I I t

1170 1190 1210 1230 1250



Pass 8

HC_ 5 1

Concentration Geomet

ppm .0 _ _-- --------

i00

80 '""_/-f" k./_/_ %/'k. _/ _\_

Relative Humidity

Relative Humidity 60%

Temperature Pass 8

C 40 -

20 - _ Temperature

. 0 ¸

I i I I I I I

- 1350 1370 1390 !4.1.0



35

5 Pass 9

ItC_ f._ Geomet

Concentration

ppm GFC

0

I00 -

80 -__*_ "A _Relative Humidlty


% - Pass 9

TemperatureC " 40 -

20 - jTemperature

0

I I I I I I I

1690 1710 1730 1750



36

Pass i05-

HC% Geomet

Concentration - _____ GF

ppm C

O_

i00 -

- Relative Humidity

60-Relative Humidity

% - Pass i0

Temperature 40 -C

Temperature

20 ........

0

I I t I I I

1850 1870 1890



37

Pass ii

5 -

HC% .Geomet

Concentration _F

ppm C

, _2_r -'__

i00

_o_-- ' . ° ,

elat_ve Humidity

Relative Humidity 60 -% _

Temperature Pass ii

c 40-

Temperature

r

I I I I I I ]

1970 1990 2010 2030



38

Pass i

HC_ Geomet

Concentration

ppm

0

i00 -

80

6ORelative Humidity

/o

Temperature Relative HumidityC 40- Pass i

Temperature

20- /P

o

I I I J r ,i290 300 310 320 330 340o


Figure i0.- Measured hydrogen chloride concentrations, relative humidit_ andtemperature obtained in-cloud with airborne sensors versus time

after launch. November 21, 1979.

39

Pass 25

IIC% GeometConcentration

ppm GFC

0

i00--

80

Relative Humidity 60 _'_'_"_-P_"

%

Temperature lative HumidityC

40 -Pass 2

20 - _Temperature

[ I I I I I360 370 380 390 400 410

Time After Launch, see

Figure lO.- Continued.

40

Pass 3

5

HC_ iI .GeometConcentratiOnppm , G_-----._ _FC

i00 -

80 -

60 _'-_-

Relative Humidity

Temperature Relative HumidityC 40 -

Pass 3

m

Temperature

20 - f

530 540 550 560 570 580 590


Figure i0.- Continued.

41

5 Pass 4

I Oeomet

HC_

Concentration GFC

ppm _, /,,_

i00 -

80-

Relative%IIumidityTemperature -- Relative Humidity

C 40 -- Pass 4

Temperature

20-

i I i I m I I670 680 690 700 710 720 730



42

5 Pass 5

HC_ IConcentratiOnppm /Geomet

o

i00 -

80-

RelatiVelo_tHumidity 60 _-_Temperature Relative Humidity

C40-

Pass 5

20 - / Temperature

l I I i I l800 810 820 830 840 850



43

Pass 6

IIC£ Geomet

Concentration FCppm

i00 -

80-

RelativeHumidity 60 - _-'---'_ -% \

Temperature Relative HumidityC 40-

Pass 6

Temperature

0'

! | I I I

970 980 990 i000 i0i0 1020


Figure I0.- Continued.

44

Pass 7

5

HC£ GeometConcentration

ppm GFC0

ioo

/

80-

Relative Humidity 60 -% \

Temperature Relative HumidityC 40 -

Pass 7

Temperature

20 -

! I I t I Iiii0 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160



45

5- Pass 8

HC% I !Geomet

Concentration

ppm _ fGFC

i00 --

80 _

Relative llumidity 60-/o m

Tenperature Relative HumidityC 40- Pass 8

•Tempe rature/

20- /,/

I. I I l I I I2240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300

v


Figure 10.-Concluded

jI

iiIII

I·-----1

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashington, D.C. 20546

NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Va. 23665

-_•.__ .__.,_._--_._-------I 16. AtJil'-?l.1

r-~JI~~_~T~~1830 --=~Li.· ~~:,.~;,:;r:~=::~on N~··~~=--=~l~'· R.~ip,,~t's (~.~.-'~~-r~(~~-~~=-- ~__-\i -\. ~~~~;~;~~I~UD HYDROGEN CHLOR I DE HEASUREMENTS FROM f5. ;~~~t ~~~O !

THREE TITAN LAUNCHES AT THE KEtHlEDY SPACE CENTER . 6. r~>rlOi'ming O'!,;'~ti00 ('.cc~ '--'--' '-1DUR I NG 1978 AND 1979 .. _ . ._-1

7. l,uthor(sl 8. Pcrlcrming Org.~ni41.ti()" Rep.,..t r"). !1:Daniel I. Sebacher, Robert B. Lee III, and 1

Joseph J. Mathis I.__________ ___• - --; 10. Work Unit No. .,-. i

I) 06 - 52 - 33-ill . !11. eo""",", G",,' No. . •.J13. Type of RC",}ort ~nd Pc~iod Ccvc..-c"(! I---_.__.._---_._----.,

__. Technical_Mernprandum._ '.14. Sponsoring Ag::'!"cy Cod·~ ,

Total hydrogen chloride and gaseous hydrogen chloride concentrations weremeasured in the exhaust cloud produced at three Titan I 1I launches at theKennedy Space Center in March 1978, December 1978, and November 1979. The

. primary purpose of these measurements was to determine the degree of~ydrogen

chloride partitioning in a solid rocket exhaust cloud between gaseous hydrogenchloride and hydrochloric a~id aerosol as a function of ambient relative

Ihumidity. Moderately low relative humidity conditions were present during adaytime launch on March 25, 1978, and high relative humidity conditions were

. I present during a nighttime launch on December 13, 1978.

,

Total and gaseous hydrogen chloride concentrations and meteorologicaldata, as a function of time after launch, are presented in this report. Themeasurements show that hydrogen chloride is present in both the gaseous andaerosol phase in the exhaust cloud. Total HC£ concentrations ranged from 18parts per mill ion by volume (ppm) several minutes after launch down to 1 ppmafter the cloud stabilization period, depending on the meteorological conditions. Gaseous HC£ concentrations ranged from 2 to 3 ppm several minutesafter launch to less than 1 ppm after cloud stabilization; . These measuredconcentrations indicated significant HC£ aerosol formation.

Unclassified - Unlimited

L__ _ -y-_. .----

117 K \" :.- (r ':5' J h 'u"' 0.- ,,') (STAH cr.:',·~.)ry un.:'r.rlin€d) 1S. Oislrib"tion StHe~ntI . "-Y '\Cr. G... ....u~-;~:!,. tr;- ''f '". ~ol \~I

I Effluent samplingRocket vehicle exhaustTitan III exhaust effluents

t "

t,f

.ql

rB

.i

!

DANIELI,SEBACHER,ROBERTB,LEE,Ill Ai DJOSEPHJ,NATHIS€¦ · March 25, 1978 launch at I:09...

Documents

Transcript of DANIELI,SEBACHER,ROBERTB,LEE,Ill Ai DJOSEPHJ,NATHIS€¦ · March 25, 1978 launch at I:09...