Daniel Graziotin - Green open access
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Green Open AccessA first step to free up scientific knowledge
Daniel Graziotin, <[email protected]>
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
2013-11-15
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Scientific knowledge is not freeHow it works, how it is hindered, green Open Access
The status of green Open AccessCase Study: Faculty of Computer Science, FUB
Our ContributionsTowards a free, Open Science
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10Expectation
Publication and Knowledge
11Reality
Publication and Knowledge
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‣ Individuals
• On average, $30 + VAT
Price for accessing an article
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‣ Individuals
• On average, $30 + VAT
• Can become ridiculous
Price for accessing an article?
= 30,00 € for 4 pages= 7,50 € / page
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‣ Institutions, Libraries
• We do not know
• Non-disclosure agreements
• However, estimated revenue to the
industry: $5333 per article1
Price for accessing an article?
[1] http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2012/12/19/taylor-cost-publish-gold-open-access/
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Scientific knowledge gets hindered by those who should spread it.
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Where does revenue go?
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Where does revenue go?
0100
Authors
Institution
Publisher
All to the publisherFew of them invest in research association
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Never-ending costs of research.
Once: realize research.
Forever: access research results.
Can we stop this, limiting the costs?
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Publication and Knowledge
Reality
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Publication and Knowledge
Self-archiving - green Open Access
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Self-archiving – green Open Access
‣ When researchers make publicly available copies of
preprints and postprints
• On their personal website (worst case)
• On a university repository
• On a (multi)disciplinary repository
‣ Legal
• Granted in Copyright Transfer Agreements of most
publishers
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(green) Open Access fosters innovation
Next two slides are taken from “Three arguments for open access”, Mike Taylor,
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol
“I soon learned that many of the
papers I was interested in reading
were hidden behind expensive
pay walls. I convinced my mom to
use her credit card for a few [...]
and I learned to try different ways
of circumventing the pay walls.”
— Jack Andraka.
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Scientific knowledge is not freeHow it works, how it is hindered, green Open Access
The status of green Open AccessCase Study: Faculty of Computer Science, FUB
Our ContributionsTowards a free, Open Science
1
2
3
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Status of green Open AccessThe case of the Faculty of Computer Science,
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano.
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The study
‣ Web questionnaire
• Invited: 66
- PhD Students
- Researchers
- Professors
• Participated: 49
• 75% Faculty
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Awareness of self-archivingDo you know what the term "self-archiving"
means?
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Awareness of self-archiving
62.5
37.5
Yes
No
% of
answers
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Awareness of self-archiving artifactsCan you clearly differentiate the terms "preprint",
"postprint", and "publisher PDF"?
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Awareness of self-archiving artifacts
35.4
64.6
Yes
No
% of
answers
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After previous questionDefinitions of preprint, postprint, and publisher
PDF were given
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Awareness of self-archiving allowanceDid you know that the major publishers in
Computer Science1 allow you to self-archive at
least the preprints of a research article?
[1] ACM, IEEE, INFORMS, Elsevier, ME Sharpe, Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Verlag, John
Wiley and Sons
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Awareness of self-archiving allowance
54.545.5
Yes
No
% of
answers
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Self-archiving frequencyWith respect to your previous publications, how
often have you self-archived the preprint, the
postprint, and the publisher PDF?
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Self-archiving Frequency
‣ % of answers
Preprint Postprint Publisher PDF
72.7
18.2
9.1
0
50
100
61.3
20.5 18.2
0
50
100
63.6
15.9 18.2
0
50
100
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Self-archiving inhibitorsWhat prevents you to self-archive your scientific
articles?
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Self-archiving inhibitors‣ Lack of process support (51%)
• Time consuming (23%)
- Too busy
• Laziness (18%)
- Not wanting to just start
• Lack of tools (10%)
- Help needed in managing the process
- Help needed in understanding the rules
- Lack of automation
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Self-archiving inhibitors
‣ Misunderstanding / Misinformation (44%)
• Afraid of breaking the rules (18%)
- Violating publisher rules
- Violating someone’s copyright
• Why should I? (10%)
- Lack in understanding that access to articles is not universal
- Lack in understanding that postprint is the final article
- Carelessness
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Self-archiving inhibitors
‣ Misunderstanding / Misinformation (44%) (cont.)
• Did not know before (8%)
• Afraid of plagiarism (8%)
‣ Other (5%)
• Not proud of previous work
• Want to hide my research
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Scientific knowledge is not freeHow it works, how it is hindered, green Open Access
The status of green Open AccessCase Study: Faculty of Computer Science, FUB
Our ContributionsTowards a free, Open Science
1
2
3
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Our contribution
‣ Inference from case study and personal experience
• Misunderstanding / Misinformation
• Lack of process support
Reaction
‣ Advocating
‣ rchiveit
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Our contribution
‣ A Web tool, http://rchive.it
‣ Responsive (smartphone and tablet friendly)
‣ Open Source (BSD 3-Clause License)
‣ Mission
• Create awareness
• Spread practice
Of green Open Access
‣ Provide immediate, minimal info on author rights
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Our contribution
1. Scientists input the name of a scientific venue
• Journal name
• Publisher name
• ISSN number
2. The system fetches the info from SHERPA/RoMEO
3. The system displays the essential, relevant info
• 4 + 1 View of green Open Access
4. Scientists learn, and react
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rchiveit
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rchiveitThree Views - Permissions
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rchiveitFourth View - Conditions
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rchiveit+1 View – Further Information
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Should we stop here?
‣ Tools to automate self-archiving
‣ Collaboration with the Library
‣ Collaboration with politics
‣ Incentives for Open Access
• Green, Gold, and Hybrid
‣ Absolutely not!
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Should we stop here?
‣ Open Data
‣ Publishing research outputs
‣ Making software citable
‣ Publishing negative results
‣ Absolutely not!
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We [..] are all well aware that [..] scientific publications are often
not considered [..] as the physical carriers of new scientific
knowledge [..] but as goods that are placed on the market in order
to be bought and sold.
The more of these goods you are able to sell, the more you can
count on funds for your lab/institution and research activity, as
well as on new personal career possibility [..]
One survey response
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Thank you for your attention