Dance, Theater, Cinema in Modern Culture

Art IVMrs. Rowena M. Tivoli

TheaterTheater

Place for plays-Place for plays-a building, room, a building, room, or other setting or other setting where plays or where plays or other dramatic other dramatic presentation are presentation are performperform

Corbis/Roger WoodTheater at EpidaurusThis theater in Epidaurus, Greece, was designed by Polyclitus the Younger around 350 bc. A late classical structure, it featured stone benches instead of the wood benches found in earlier theater construction.Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

One of the oldest and most popular One of the oldest and most popular forms of entertainment, in which forms of entertainment, in which actors perform live for an audience actors perform live for an audience on a stage or in an other space on a stage or in an other space designated for the performance.designated for the performance.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Elements of Theater :Elements of Theater :

Fundamental to the theater experience is the act Fundamental to the theater experience is the act of seeing and being seen; in fact, the word of seeing and being seen; in fact, the word theater comes from the Greek word theater comes from the Greek word theatron,theatron, meaning "meaning "seeing placeseeing place." Throughout the history ." Throughout the history of world cultures, actors have used a variety of of world cultures, actors have used a variety of locations for theater, including amphitheaters, locations for theater, including amphitheaters, churches, marketplaces, garages, street churches, marketplaces, garages, street corners, warehouses, and formal buildings. It is corners, warehouses, and formal buildings. It is not the building that makes theater but rather the not the building that makes theater but rather the use of space for actors to imitate human use of space for actors to imitate human experience before audiences. experience before audiences.

In addition to the actor and the audience in a In addition to the actor and the audience in a space, other elements of theater include a space, other elements of theater include a written or written or improvised text, costumes, improvised text, costumes, scenery, lights,scenery, lights, sound, and properties sound, and properties (props(props). Most theatrical performances require ). Most theatrical performances require the collaborative efforts of many creative the collaborative efforts of many creative people working toward a common goal: the people working toward a common goal: the production.production.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reservedreserved

Mask Mask of of

Comedy and Tragedy Comedy and Tragedy Masks of Comedy and TragedyMasks of Comedy and Tragedy

These two masks have come These two masks have come to symbolize the theater and its to symbolize the theater and its two major dramatic categories, two major dramatic categories, comedy and tragedy. Masks comedy and tragedy. Masks have played an important part have played an important part in the history of drama since in the history of drama since the time of the ancient Greeks. the time of the ancient Greeks. They were originally used to They were originally used to allow the actors to clearly allow the actors to clearly convey emotions such as convey emotions such as anger, joy, or sorrow to the anger, joy, or sorrow to the entire audience, and they entire audience, and they made it easier for men to made it easier for men to portray female charactersportray female characters..

Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004.Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004. © 1993- © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Purposes of TheaterPurposes of Theater Theater can serve many ends. It can be designed Theater can serve many ends. It can be designed

to to entertainentertain, , instructinstruct, , motivate, persuade, motivate, persuade, and even shockand even shock. But whatever the intentions of . But whatever the intentions of the director, performers, and crew, the director, performers, and crew, the result the result depends on the interactiondepends on the interaction with an audience. with an audience. The audience for theater differs from the reader of The audience for theater differs from the reader of a novel or the viewer of a painting in that it a novel or the viewer of a painting in that it assembles as a group at a given time and place to assembles as a group at a given time and place to share in the performance with the actors and all share in the performance with the actors and all the surrounding elements of light, sound, music, the surrounding elements of light, sound, music, costumes, and scenery. costumes, and scenery. The audience affects The audience affects the performance by providing the the performance by providing the performers with immediate feedback, such performers with immediate feedback, such as laughter, tears,as laughter, tears, applause, or silence.applause, or silence. Each Each night there is continuous interaction between the night there is continuous interaction between the auditorium and the stage.auditorium and the stage.

Some audiences want only to be Some audiences want only to be entertained. Others want the entertained. Others want the theater to provide new insight theater to provide new insight and understanding about and understanding about political, social,political, social, or personal or personal issuesissues. Throughout history theater . Throughout history theater has reflected and, at times, has reflected and, at times, commented on the society in which it commented on the society in which it takes place. takes place.

Modern theater Production Theater Companies Example: The Everett Collection, Inc. Nicholas Nickleby Roger Rees, bottom, and David

Threlfall, top, appeared in the television adaptation of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s stage production of Nicholas Nickleby. The play, which aired in the United States in January 1983, was adapted from the novel of the same name by 19th-century English writer Charles Dickens. England’s Royal Shakespeare Company has received international acclaim for its performances of modern and classic works.

Microsoft ® Encarta ® Ref

Theater Personnel The Producer In commercial and nonprofit

theaters, the producer is the person who puts together the financing, management staff, and the artistic team to produce the show.

The Director Directors assume

responsibility for the overall interpretation of a script, and they have the authority to approve, control, and coordinate all the elements of a production.

The Performers The actor is the creative artist most

identified by audiences with their experience of theater. Actors portray their characters’ wants and needs through believable personal behavior that mirrors the characters’ psychological and emotional lives within the world of the play.

THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE/UPIScene from Marat/SadeThis scene is from the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 1966 production of a play by Peter Weiss called The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade. Marat/Sade, as it is known, is an unusual production; the actors are supposed to be the actual inmates performing the play, and the audience is supposed to be the 18th-century nobility watching them. This idea pulls the audience into the play itself, rather than allowing it to be passively entertained. The actors’ roles are demanding, since each actor is playing two characters.Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

The Designers Designers collaborate with directors to

create an environment for a play. That environment may be a well-appointed living room or a run-down tenement apartment, or it may be a nightclub setting or an empty stage for a chorus-line audition. The designers' work is to shape and fill the stage space and to make the play's world visible and interesting. In the modern theater various artists are responsible for different design effects. There are four principal types of designers: scene, costume, lighting, and sound.

The Scene designer Oregon Shakespeare

Festival/David Cooper A Midsummer Night’s

Dream Fairies emerge from

doorways in space, and Bottom’s bed hangs suspended before the moon in this 1998 production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland, Oregon. The set, lighting, staging, and costumes all combine to intensify the play’s enchanted, unreal atmosphere.

THE BETTMANN

ARCHIVE/Ron Scherl Scene from La

Bohème In this scene from La

Bohème, an opera by Italian composer Giacomo Puccini, the set designer has recreated a romantic version of a 19th-century street in Paris.

The Lightning Designer Modern stage lighting affects what audiences see.

Carefully planned lighting can establish mood and color, control the audience's focus of attention, and enhance the meaning of the play.

Sound Designer The sound designer is the theater's newest artist.

The technological capability today for both live and recorded sound has brought the sound designer onto the director's creative team to provide sounds of nature, such as rain or dogs barking; locations, such as doorbells, trains, or airplanes; and abstract sounds to underscore moods of romance or treachery, for example. Working with the director, the sound designer plots the effects required by the script and adds a creative element to enhance atmosphere and psychological meaning. The technology available to the sound designer includes tape recorders and playback units, microphones and turntables, mixers and amplifiers, elaborate speaker systems, and control consoles.

Costume Design

• Woodfin Camp and Associates, Inc./Clive BardaCostume DesignThe elaborate costuming worn by these actors enhances a production of Phantom, in New York City. In theater production, carefully chosen costumes help convey a sense of a character’s identity, as well as set the mood and time period of the work being performed.Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Cinema-Cinema-Place where movies arePlace where movies are

shown; a building, room,shown; a building, room,

or other setting whereor other setting where

movies are shownmovies are shown

DANCEDANCE

It is an art performed by It is an art performed by individuals or group of human individuals or group of human beings, in which the human body beings, in which the human body is the instrument and movement is the instrument and movement is the medium, the medium is the is the medium, the medium is the stylized, and the entire dance stylized, and the entire dance work is characterized by form. work is characterized by form.

- Historian - Historian Richard Richard

Motion Picture

• Is a series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion. Motion pictures-also called movies,

films, or the cinema-are one of the most popular form of entertainment enabling people to immerse themselves in an imaginary world for a short period of time.

MOTION PICTURE

• WAS INTRODUCED IN 1896

• WRAR’S KINEOPTOSCOPE WAS THE EARLIEST ADVERTIZED TO CHESTER PEOPLE

• TEMPERANCE HALL,GEORGE STREET

• 27th-29th January 1897

• 5 DV CAMERA• FASTER AND BUDGET FRIENDLY COMPARE TO FILM• 120 DEGREE CAMERA SETTING