New New ZealandZealand

European Influence, Franz Josef Glacier, European Influence, Franz Josef Glacier, and Fishingand Fishing

By: Daniel Campbell, Liz Reed,

Sam McBaine, Kristen Roesner,

Lorryn Bolte, and Lea Munzlinger

European European InfluenceInfluence

78% European 9.2% Asian 6.9% Pacific peoples

New Zealand Ethnic Groups

•The Dutch were the first Europeans The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit New Zealand in 1642.to visit New Zealand in 1642.

•The British Navel Captain James The British Navel Captain James Cook gave the name New Zealand to Cook gave the name New Zealand to the island.the island.

•New Zealand was visited by New Zealand was visited by Europeans in the early years for Europeans in the early years for whaling, sealing, and ship trade.whaling, sealing, and ship trade.

European European InfluenceInfluence• The potato and the musket

transformed Māori agriculture and warfare, although the resulting Musket Wars died out once the tribal imbalance of arms had been rectified.

• From the early nineteenth century, Christian missionaries began to settle New Zealand, eventually converting most of the Māori population, who had become disillusioned with their indigenous faith by the introduction of Western culture.

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Fishing Fishing IndustryIndustryNew Zealand’s 200 nautical mile exclusive

economic zone gives its fishing industry special fishing rights. It covers 4.1 million square kilometres. This is the sixth largest zone in the world, and is fourteen times the land area of New Zealand itself.

Over 15,000 marine species are known to live there, about ten percent of the world's diversity.

New Zealand's wild fisheries captured 441,000 tonnes and earned over NZ$1 billion in exports in the fishing year 2006/07.

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About 1.2 million or 31 percent of New Zealanders engage, at least occasionally, in recreational fishing with an annual recreational take of about 25,000 tonnes.

Fishing Fishing IndustryIndustry

• Taupo is a town in the Northern Taupo is a town in the Northern island of New Zealand. island of New Zealand.

• It is a popular site for tourism and It is a popular site for tourism and recreational activities such as recreational activities such as fishing with fly fishing actually fishing with fly fishing actually being its main source of fishing. being its main source of fishing.

• Here are a list of the 12 months Here are a list of the 12 months and the seasons for fishing in the and the seasons for fishing in the Taupo area:Taupo area:

ｷｷ OctoberOctoberSeason opens for back country Season opens for back country streams. Water is cool, streams. Water is cool, spring is in the air.spring is in the air. ｷｷ NovemberNovemberWarmer temperatures. Good Warmer temperatures. Good nymph fishing, possibly dry nymph fishing, possibly dry fly.fly.ｷｷ DecemberDecemberDry flies or dry fly/nymph Dry flies or dry fly/nymph combination.combination.ｷｷ JanuaryJanuarySummer. Surface feeding.Summer. Surface feeding.ｷｷ FebruaryFebruaryLower waters. Dry fly Lower waters. Dry fly fishingfishingｷｷ MarchMarchNymphs and dry fliesNymphs and dry fliesｷｷ AprilAprilCooler. Mostly nymphing, Cooler. Mostly nymphing, with dry-fly fishing on small with dry-fly fishing on small streams.streams.ｷｷ May-SeptemberMay-SeptemberWinter months. Back-country Winter months. Back-country rivers close for spawning. rivers close for spawning. Fly fishing for river-running Fly fishing for river-running rainbows in Lake Taupo.rainbows in Lake Taupo.

ｷｷ OctoberOctoberSeason opens for back country Season opens for back country streams. Water is cool, streams. Water is cool, spring is in the air.spring is in the air. ｷｷ NovemberNovemberWarmer temperatures. Good Warmer temperatures. Good nymph fishing, possibly dry nymph fishing, possibly dry fly.fly.ｷｷ DecemberDecemberDry flies or dry fly/nymph Dry flies or dry fly/nymph combination.combination.ｷｷ JanuaryJanuarySummer. Surface feeding.Summer. Surface feeding.ｷｷ FebruaryFebruaryLower waters. Dry fly Lower waters. Dry fly fishingfishingｷｷ MarchMarchNymphs and dry fliesNymphs and dry fliesｷｷ AprilAprilCooler. Mostly nymphing, Cooler. Mostly nymphing, with dry-fly fishing on small with dry-fly fishing on small streams.streams.ｷｷ May-SeptemberMay-SeptemberWinter months. Back-country Winter months. Back-country rivers close for spawning. rivers close for spawning. Fly fishing for river-running Fly fishing for river-running rainbows in Lake Taupo.rainbows in Lake Taupo.

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The aquaculture of mussels, salmon The aquaculture of mussels, salmon and oysters earned $226 million in and oysters earned $226 million in 2006/2007. This made seafood the 2006/2007. This made seafood the country’s fifth largest export earner.country’s fifth largest export earner.

Franz Josef Franz Josef GlacierGlacier

Glacier Glacier continuedcontinued• From its origins high in the From its origins high in the

Southern Alps, the Franz Southern Alps, the Franz Josef Glacier descends deep Josef Glacier descends deep into the lush rainforest of into the lush rainforest of Westland’s National Park, Westland’s National Park, from a height of 2700m above from a height of 2700m above sea level to only 240m in as sea level to only 240m in as little as 11 km, making it little as 11 km, making it the worlds steepest and the worlds steepest and fastest flowing commercially fastest flowing commercially guided glacier.guided glacier.

• It is the rugged gradient of It is the rugged gradient of the Franz Josef Glacier that the Franz Josef Glacier that ensures our clients enjoy ensures our clients enjoy the most dramatic glacier the most dramatic glacier scenery available to the scenery available to the general public anywhere in general public anywhere in the world.the world.

Glacier Glacier continuedcontinued

• The glacier is 12 km long and is on the west The glacier is 12 km long and is on the west coast of the South Island. It has a river coast of the South Island. It has a river descending from it that is known as the descending from it that is known as the Waiho River. Waiho River.

• It, along with the Fox Glacier and the It, along with the Fox Glacier and the surrounding area, is a designated World surrounding area, is a designated World Heritage Site, which are places that have a Heritage Site, which are places that have a cultural or natural significance to humanity. cultural or natural significance to humanity. It is also one of the most popular glaciers in It is also one of the most popular glaciers in New Zealand with about 250,000 visitors New Zealand with about 250,000 visitors per year split between it and its closest per year split between it and its closest neighbor, the Fox Glacier.neighbor, the Fox Glacier.

• The glacier was named by a German The glacier was named by a German explorer named Julius von Haast after the explorer named Julius von Haast after the Austrian emperor Franz Josef. The Maori Austrian emperor Franz Josef. The Maori call the glacier Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere, call the glacier Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere, or the tears of Avalanche Girl. or the tears of Avalanche Girl.

• The name comes from a legend that says The name comes from a legend that says Hine Hukatere climbed a mountain with her Hine Hukatere climbed a mountain with her lover, Weke, who died in an avalanche. lover, Weke, who died in an avalanche. When he died, she cried tears that turned to When he died, she cried tears that turned to ice to form the glacier.ice to form the glacier.

• The glacier goes through cycles of The glacier goes through cycles of growth and melting. In the 1940s, it growth and melting. In the 1940s, it began to retreat, but it started growing began to retreat, but it started growing again in 1985. again in 1985.

• At times, it has grown 70 cm per day. At times, it has grown 70 cm per day. These cycles are due to the differences These cycles are due to the differences in the annual snowfall and meltwaters. in the annual snowfall and meltwaters. Each year of snowfall takes about 5-6 Each year of snowfall takes about 5-6 years to become apparent in the lower years to become apparent in the lower end of the glacier.end of the glacier.

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