Dale's Cone Of Experience
Transcript of Dale's Cone Of Experience
Enactive – direct experiencesDirect, Purposeful ContrivedDramatized
Iconic – pictorial experiencesDemonstrationsStudy tripsExhibitsEducational televisionMotion picturesRecordings, radio, still
picturesSymbolic – highly abstract
experiencesVisual symbolsVerbal symbols
Direct Purposeful Experiences
Contrived Experiences
Dramatized Experiences
Demonstrations
Study Trips
Exhibits
Educational Television
Motion Pictures
Recordings, Radio Still Pictures
Visual SymbolsVerbal Symbols
EDGAR DALE’S CON
E OF EXPERIEN
CE
Degr
ee o
f Abs
tracti
on
(ABSTACT)High
(CONCRETE)Low
Levels of the Cone of Experience
Concrete Vs. Abstract Learning
Abstract LearningDifficulty to do and
corporateLearner have limited
control over the outcomeBase on schema or past
experience
Verbal Symbols This level is the most complex and abstract among all the components of the Cone of Experience. Only symbolic representations, but they still can be quite powerful and flexible.
As we use language, we are both expressing our thoughts and creating our thoughts, even deciding what is worth thinking about.
They are not like the objects or ideas for which they stand. They usually do not contain visual clues to their meaning. Written words fall under this category. It may be a word for a concrete object (book), an idea (freedom of speech), a scientific principle (the principle of balance), a formula (e=mc2)
Verbal SymbolTwo types
Written words – more abstract
Spoken words – less abstract
Examples: Discussion Explanation/lecture
Visual SymbolsVisual symbols are representations of direct reality, which comes in the form of signs and symbols.
Characteristics of visual symbols : No longer involves reproducing real situations. Chalkboard and overhead projector the most widely
used media. Help students see an idea, event, or process. Fits the tempo of presentation of idea, topic or
situation. Very easy to procure and prepare.
Limitations:Lack of ability to use the media size of visuals simplification of visual materials leads to misconceptions.
Recordings, Radio, Still Pictures
These are visual or auditory devices which maybe used by an individual or a group.Characteristics : attention – getting, particularly projected views. Can often be understood by those who cannot read. Lack
auditory dimension. concretize verbal abstraction Helpful to students who cannot deal with the motion or pace of
a real event or television.
Limitations :size of pictures or illustrations expensiveness of projected materials and equipment timing difficulties between radio shows and classroom lessons.
Recordings, Radio and Still Pictures
Examples:
Time Life Magazine
Listening to old radio broadcasts
Listening to music