DAC-ICARDA Pilot Project- Enhancing Grasspea

A Project Proposal for Financial Assistance under the

NFSM-PULSES

ON

Enhancing grasspea production for safe human food,

animal feed, and sustainable rice-based production

systems in India

Submitted to

National Food Security Mission

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (Crop Division)

Ministry of Agriculture, govt. of India

By

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria

In collaboration with

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi

Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh

October 2010

Enhancing grasspea production for safe human food, animal feed, and

sustainable rice-based production systems in India

Submitted to: National Food Security Mission

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (Crop Division)

Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

Name of the Proposer

Dr. Mahmoud B. Solh

Director General

ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Phone: 963-21-2213433 Fax: 963-21-2213490; Email: [email protected]

Project Coordinator (ICARDA)

Dr. Ashutosh Sarker

Coordinator & Food Legume Breeder

ICARDA South Asia and China Program

NASC Complex, CGIAR Block, New Delhi 110012, India

Tel: 91-11-25847500; Fax: 91-11-25847503; E mail: [email protected]

Project Coordinator (India)

Vice-Chancellor

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (IGKVV),

Krishak Nagar, Raipur- 492006, Chhattisgarh

Tel.:0771-2443419; Fax: 0771-2442302,2443121

Executing Agency

ICARDA South Asia Program

NASC Complex, CGIAR Complex

New Delhi 110012, India

Tel: 91-11-25847500; Fax: 91-11-25847503

E mail: [email protected]

Collaborators:

ICARDA South Asia Program, New Delhi

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI), Jhansi, UP

Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, UP

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (IGKVV), Raipur, Chhattisgarh

Society for Promotion of Agricultural Research and Knowledge, Patna, Bihar

Uttar Banga Krishi Vishvidyalaya, Coach Bihar, West Bengal

Project Duration: 3 years

Budget : Rs 534.59lakh Project Start: October2010

Project Completion: Septembert 2013

mailto:[email protected]


1. Title

Enhancing grasspea production for safe human food, animal feed, and

sustainable rice-based production systems in India

2. Name and designation of Proposer Dr. Mahmoud B. Solh

Director General

ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Phone: 963-21-2213433 Fax: 963-21-2213490; Email: [email protected]

3. Background

Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) also called Khesari/TeoraLakh/Lakhadi is a popular pulse

crop in India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal and Pakistan. It is also grown in many countries

of Europe, the Middle East, Northern Africa, Chile and Brazil mainly for animal feed and

to a lesser extent as human food. Because of its easy and low-cost cultivation, and its

resistance to drought, flood, salinity, diseases and insect pest attack, farmers are attracted

to grow this crop despite of official discouragement. When other crops fail due to adverse

conditions, grasspea can be the only available food source for the poorest section, and

sometimes is a survival food in times of drought- induced famine. It is predominantly

grown as a relay crop, popularly known as utera, in rice field, which is a well established

popular rice-based cropping systems and farmers do not have a better alternative under

such a harsh rainfed conditions. Grasspea is also grown as mixed and intercrop with other

rabi crops, thus minimizes risk of total crop failure. It is a rich source of protein (up to

34%) and contains essential micronutrients, thus provides nutritional security to its

consumers, who are mostly poor section of the society.

Grasspea is mainly eaten as dal and used as besan in multitude of culinary purposes and

also as adulterant with chickpea besan for various food preparations and with pigeonpea

dal. It is commonly believed that the recipes become tastier with the blending of chickpea

and khesari flour. It is also preferred for its good fodder and straw quality. Farmers feed

their animals on paddy straw and grasspea straw, which being rich in nutritive value,

serves as a good supplement to nutritionally poor paddy straw, since under rainfed

situation growing of other quality fodder is not feasible. Grasspea being a leguminous

crop fixes atmospheric nitrogen, improves soil carbon and organic matter, thus

collectively improves soil health and provides sustainable production systems.

In India, grasspea is grown in about 800,000 ha and is mainly cultivated in Chattishgarh,

Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Orissa, Assam, West Bengal and

eastern Uttar Pradesh. However, being a minor crop its exact production statistics does

not appear at national level. Chattishgarh (Raipur, Durg, Ranjandgaon, Kabirdham,

Bilaspur, Dhamtari,Raigarh, Mahasamund, Champa-janjgir and Jaspur) and its adjoining

areas of Vidarbha region of aamaharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal are the

major areas in India where its intensive cultivation and consumption is still continued. Its

major cultivation is under Utera system where the seeds of grass pea are broadcasted on

the standing water in the rice field about 10-15 days before the rice is ready for harvest.


The crop can be grown on a range of soil types and conditions of soil which can hardly

sustain any other crop. Productivity of the crop under such harsh conditions where except

seed no other inputs are being given is <400 kg/ha. This shows its production potential.

Experimental findings have proven its yielding potential up to 30q/ha under

recommended agronomy.

Despite all these merits, grasspea has an ambivalent reputation. Its seed contains a toxin,

Beta-ODAP (β -N-oxalyl –L- α β-diaminopropionic acid), which causes neuro-lathyrism

a “nutritional curse” if consumed excessive for a longer period of 4 to 5 months

continuously. During 1960s, some cases of Neuro lathyrism disease were reported from

various parts of India where it was consumed as staple food for survival but not as pulse.

Neuro lathyrism may develop only on its excessive consumption (2/3 rd of daily diet) for

a longer period of 4-5 months. In view point of this ban on sale of its produce is imposed

by certain states but not on its cultivation in India. During the past decades, with the

availability of wheat and rice, the food habits of the people have undergone considerable

change. Moreover, the prices of grass pea which used to be low earlier are now more than

cereals, and thus grass pea is no more staple food. Its intake is too low to cause lathyrism.

Experimental evidence indicates that ODAP being water soluble and heat labial free

amino acid, its large proportion is lost during traditional method of dal making, and

cheaper methods of detoxification of grass pea seeds are also available.

As indicated earlier, grasspea is largely being adulterant with other pulses; therefore

cultivation of low-ODAP/ODAP-free cultivars is highly desirable. In this endeavor, low-

toxin (<0.1%) grasspea varieties with higher yield having desirable attributes like disease

and pest resistance along with matching production technologies have been developed by

various Indian institutions. Dissemination of these technologies are urgently needed to

ensure the supply of cheaper source of protein, valuable fodder/forage and better returns

to farmers in a less favorable environments in India.

The International center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has the

world mandate for grasspea improvement, and holds >3000 accessions of grasspea

germplasm from about 45 countries. Through their utilization on genetic detoxification,

the Center has developed low-ODAP lines (<0.1%) along with high biomass for grain

and fodder, which will be made available under the project activities. Additionally, useful

primitive germplasm from ICARDA gene bank will be imported to India for future use.

.

As indicated earlier, grasspea is largely being adulterant with other pulses; therefore

cultivation of low-ODAP/ODAP-free cultivars is highly desirable. In this endeavor, low-

toxin (<0.1%) grasspea varieties with higher yield having desirable attributes like disease

and pest resistance along with matching production technologies have been developed by

various Indian institutions and ICARDA:

Variety Toxin level

P24 0.2% (duel)

Ratan 0.06%

Moti 0.03%

Prateek 0.08%

Mahateora 0.07%

Bio L212 0.01

Nirmal 0.15% (duel)

Dissemination of high yielding low-toxin varieties with toxin level <0.1% with relevant

technologies are urgently needed to ensure the supply of cheaper source of protein,

valuable fodder/forage and better returns to farmers in a less favorable environments in

India. This would ensure high production and low amount of ODAP intake by

consumers, thus, reducing health hazards, if any.

The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has the

world mandate for grasspea improvement, and holds >3000 accessions of grasspea

germplasm from about 45 countries. Through their utilization on genetic detoxification,

the Center has developed low-ODAP lines (<0.1%) along with high biomass for grain

and fodder, which will be made available under the project activities.

4. Goal

The overall goal of the project is to deliver nutritionally enhanced high yielding grasspea

varieties for safe consumption and higher income by farmers; higher fodder and forage

production for animal feed; and provide sustainable rice-based production systems under

rainfed conditions. Thus, ultimately boosting national pulse production by encouraging

under utilize crop like Khesari.

5. Objectives

i. Enhancing fodder and straw yields through introduction of high- biomass and low

toxin grass pea varieties to support nutritional feed & fodder where only paddy

straw is available as cattle feed.

ii. Replacement of indigenous high toxin grass pea varieties available with farmers

with low toxin & high biomass varieties through farmers participatory approach.

iii. Identification of new grass pea varieties through adaptive research, multi-

locational testing by farmers participatory selection.

iv. Developing strong seed production and distribution system of quality dual

purpose seeds of farmers’-preferred varieties along with matching production

technologies.

v. Capacity building of farmers , extension personnel etc. for farmer-participatory

adaptive research and technology transfer for adoption and expansion of improved

production technologies, quality seed production through training, visits,

workshops, seminars et.

vi. Back-up research (farmers’ participatory) for further identification of grass pea

varieties and refinement of production technologies.

6. Target Areas:

No replacement of any other pulses, cereal or any other remunerative

crop

To be taken up in the area where no resources are available to grow

any other crop

Only in the existing areas where cultivation is continuing it to be

targeted

Rice-fallow(where any other crop may not be grown)

Mainly culturable waste viz. 27804.65 ha to be targeted in target area

Target States Components to be promoted

Chhattisgarh (Raipur, Durg/

Bilaspur)

Uttar Pradesh (Budelkhand: Jhansi;

Lalitpur/hamirpur)

Mirzapur, Chandauli

Bihar (Patna; Nalanda)

West Bengal (Cooch Behar/ Nadia)

Replacement of high-ODAP grasspea

varieties with low-ODAP grasspea

varieties for safe consumption of food

Introduction of high biomass varieties

of grasspea for fodder/feed to cattle

Development of dual purpose (safe

food and fodder/feed) low-ODAP

grasspea varieties through farmers

participation

Farmers participatory low-ODAP dual

purpose seed production scheme

Capacity building

7. National and International Endeavour:

The centre of origin and distribution of Lathyrus species gene pool is mainly in the

Mediterranean region, while it is predominant in Asia and Africa. Out of 150 species in

the world, four species, viz., Lathyrus sativus, lathyrus odoratus, Lathyrus ochyrous and

Lathyrus aphaca are found in India. Lathyrus sativus is cultivated for grain and fodder,

while others grow in nature as weeds. During seventies, a lot of work was initiated in

India. IARI,New Delhi; IGKVV,Raipur; IIPR, Kanpur, were the major centre related to

development of low-toxin and high yielding varieties. Even the Coordinated Project

started during that period on grasspea (Lathyrus). Through molecular breeding, several

line were developed at IARI, New Delhi resulting into development of several low-

ODAP and high yielding cultivars. But unfortunately, after nineties, this crop lost the

sight and hardly any work is continuing anywhere in the country except at IGKVV,

Raipur where some varietal improvement work is going on as a routine and majority of

material developed earlier could not be exploited. Presently no University, any Govt.,

institution/ NATP, NAIP or even DAC programme on NFSM or RKVY is working on

this crop which has tremendous potential in future because of the global warming. It is

important to mention that the unique qualities of grasspea as resistance to biotic and

abiotic stress, high nitrogen fixation and adaptable to high and low elevation and poor or

contaminated soil (considered for phytoremediation) should be better exploited by

breeding to arm against climatic changes and pollution.

At international level, the crop is still getting importance and one of the CGIAR

institution, the International center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

has the world mandate for grasspea improvement, and holds >3000 accessions of

grasspea germplasm from about 45 countries. Through their utilization on genetic

detoxification, the Center has developed low-ODAP lines (<0.1%) along with high

biomass for grain and fodder. Several quality cultivars (low-toxin and high yield) have

been developed at Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Syria by ICARDA and NARS of these

countries and introduction of these materials will be done in India. In a recent

International Conference held in Belgium, promotion of grasspea has been strongly

recommended.

8. Justification Grasspea is an old member of sustainable crop production systems of central and eastern

India, where no other crops can be grown. It is a staple pulse crop for the poor

consumers, and its green fodder and straw is a valued animal feed. Although the crop is

important in India due to its contribution to food, feed and farming systems, grasspea

received less attention for its research and development. Majority of population in these

parts of India are vegetarians and their major source of energy is plant protein for which

grasspea is an important source. Grasspea fodder also brings cash and it has been

reported that farmers can earn Rs.30,000/ha in 3-months time by selling green fodder

used mainly to feed milking cows. Characterized by water scarcity, the dry areas are also

challenged by rapid population growth, frequent droughts, high climatic variability, land

degradation and widespread poverty, and in this context, grasspea is an important

component in production systems.

A farmer-participatory approach will be adopted to ensure involvement of farmers,

extension agents, researchers, policy makers, NGOs, and other concerned partners at

various levels of planning, programming and implementing of the activities. Low-ODAP

varieties like Prateek, Ratan, Mahatewara developed by various Indian research

institutions will be included in the project activities. It has been noticed that none of these

varieties and improved production technologies for grain yield and fodder production

have been adopted by farmers in a large scale. Additionally, promising varieties/lines

from ICARDA will be tested in Indian conditions to select pheonologically adapted

materials for eventual release in India. This will ensure replacement of local and

traditional varieties with high ODAP, which are being consumed in various ways. It is

experienced by Indian researchers that differentiation of improved varieties from local

cultivars is difficult therefore; an improved variety MAHATEORA with morphological

marker has been developed and notified for general cultivation in India.

As stated earlier, the productivity of grasspea is quite low. This is mainly associated with

cultivation of low yielding local varieties, lack of quality seeds, inadequate plant stand in

farmer’s fields, lack of integrated crop management, etc. Generally the crop is grown by

marginal and sub-marginal farmers who are unable to provide any input. Therefore, wide-

spread cultivation and adoption of high yielding low-ODAP improved varieties and crop

management technologies will ensure reduction of health hazards and increased grain and

fodder yields which will lead to more income to farmers. In addition, genetic

detoxification and high biomass production will also be given due emphasis for animal

feed.

The removal of ODAP compound of grasspea grains can also be done by boiling,

roasting or by soaking overnight and draining out the supernatant. These techniques will

be made available to consumers through mass media and by hands-on training of house-

wives.

It is essential to produce the quality seeds of these improved varieties at village level by

farmers themselves (seed village concept) avoiding the transportation cost and storage

losses. Therefore, the project aims quality seed production, train farmers, farmers’

associations/ groups in this regard.

9. Strategy and Approach

To exploit the potential of rainfed rice-fallows and to achieve the desired goal, a holistic

approach involving farmers, local and international institutions is warranted. The project

proposal seeks to capitalize on the already existing improved technologies of grasspea for

rice fallows, a vast niche for horizontal expansion of grasspea cultivation and employing

integrated approach to increase and sustain its production in the country. This will not only

add to increased pulses production in the country, but also improve long-term soil

productivity, minimize soil nutrient depletion, increase incomes of large number of

subsistence farmers and also contribute to safe food and nutritional security to the people in

the rainfed areas which are well endowed with good soils and rainfall and capable of growing

rice during rainy season and grasspea in the Rabi season on the residual soil moisture. This

endeavor will help to harvest an extra crop of grasspea in these states.

The project would be farmers’ centered with their active involvement in selection of varieties

and technologies, and their demonstrations. The project will empower farmers in taking

decision on selection of appropriate technologies and self sufficient in seed production of

improved varieties. The researchers will provide viable technological options to farmers and

helping them to make their appropriate choices. Wherever necessary, technical backstopping

and on-station and on-farm research will be taken up by the participating institutions on the

basis of feedback from the farming community. The research and development process

would aim to integrate locally adapted improved cultivars of low-ODAP grasspea, improved

crop production technologies, and integrated crop management practices including CA which

would be farmer friendly and compatible with local growing and socio-economic conditions.

The Project would give equal weight to strengthening partner’s capacities on one hand and to

the availability of better-adapted cultivars and improved production technologies on the

other. The project will employ a farmer participatory research and development approach

through empowerment of the farmers, where three pronged strategy would be followed to

enhance the productivity of low-ODAP grasspea suitable for fodder and safe feed and

improving rural livelihoods.

The 3-pronged strategy

Main elements of the strategy and approach will be as follows:

On the basis of the available information and secondary data, potential districts in

each state would be selected as pilot districts for technology interventions during

post-rainy season.

A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) will be conducted through local institutions,

NGOs, SHG/farmers associations/groups to identify constraints and opportunities to

establish low-ODAP grasspea cultivation in each of the pilot districts and 5 villages

in each of the districts as pilot sites.

In each village, 15-20 farmers will form a cluster to involve in establishing

demonstrations, farmer’s field schools for testing and transfer of technologies. At

each cluster site, specific components such as improved varieties of lentil and ICM

(Integrated Crop Management) will be provided to farmers to demonstrate profitable

lentil production.

To establish low-ODAP grasspea on time in the rice fallows without loosing the soil

moisture, custom-hire of tractors and specifically made low-cost local made seed

drills suitable for rice fallows (Pantnagar/IGAU model-Zero Tillage) will be

introduced during the post- rainy season. This will enhance the establishment of

grasspea and generate employment at village level.

Monitoring of project trials in each village will be organized with farmer’s

participation to share the results of the pilot farmers with non-participating farmers,

farmers from the non-pilot villages and districts through farmer’s visits, field days

and Kisan Mela in the project operational area.

The pilot farmers will also be organized and trained as seed producers and organized

into village-based seed enterprises [1 in each district/village] to ensure production and

marketing of quality low-ODAP and high biomass seed in the pilot villages and for

further expansion of grasspea production.

Pilot farmers will be trained as lead trainers to train farmers from surrounding

villages as well as from other districts to enable them to serve as effective trainer’s

Farmers-friendly-fliers, posters, booklets will be prepared and distributed to pilot and

non-pilot farmers.

Production technologies, such as seed priming and seed treatment, application of

compatible Rhizobium, foliar spray of urea, components of relay cropping along with

appropriate varieties of lentil will be introduced to enhance soil physical properties

and soil health in order to have long-term gains in lentil production.

Farmers from all districts in each of the rice fallow states will be exposed to the dual

purpose low-ODAP grasspea pilot villages by organizing farmers’ visits for

dissemination of results from farmers to farmers so that all the districts will be

covered during third year of the project.

Conducting on-farm trials in these districts, establishments of village seed enterprises,

lead farmers as trainers, availability of training material and most importantly

empowerment of extension, local organization staff and establishment of linkages to

ensure further expansion of lentil areas in these states of India.

Each household would be demonstrated how the consumption of grasspea may be

safe to humanbeings and animals.

Providing advice in policy reforms in these states to further increase low-ODAP grasspea

production and increasing farmers’ incomes, improving household pulse consumption

and nutritional security, and protection of the environment

10. Components and Activities to Develop low- ODAP seed systems

Availability of quality seeds in pulse crops is minimal. To date the contribution of formal

sector (public/private) in pulses is very low and estimated at only 5% of potential seed

requirement. Farmers generally keep their own seed or purchase from local market before

planting, which are of poor qualityand having high-ODAP, thus making it unsuitable for

consumption as food.. An informal seed system operates through farmer-to-farmer

distribution with a fragile and weak mechanism. One of the key activities of the project

would be to strengthen both formal and informal (village-based) seed systems with

enhanced capacity and knowledge of the farmers to promote a sustainable low-ODAP

and high biomass grasspea production in rainfed areas. This would also add to coping

mechanism for adverse effects of climate change.

11. Project Operation and Methodology

A Work-shop involving all stakeholders (State Universities, National Seed

Corporation, National Crop Coordinator, NGOs, local governments, ICAR and

ICARDA) will be organized to develop work-plans for the entire period of the

project. Annual review and planning meeting and impact study will be conducted

at the end of project period.

Demonstration of 3-5 improved low-ODAP and high biomass (for fodder)

varieties (as appropriate in various production environments) along with matching

production technologies will be taken up in farmers’ fields in five villages of the

each selected district under the project in the first year.

The Village-based seed system matching with the socio-economic profiles of the

farmers in the project area will be demonstrated and implemented for the farmers

preferred low-ODAP and high biomass grasspea varieties in the second year.

Farmers will be involved in variety selection and demonstration as well as seed

production and marketing for rapid spread and adoption of the improved low-

ODAP and high biomass varieties and production technologies.

The project will also provide opportunity for the farmers to get training on quality

seed production and seed storage in the project areas including partner

institutions. In the remaining period of the project, the model seed system will be

strengthened and up-scaled not only in the project area but also out-scaled

(replicated) in the adjoining villages for faster spread of the improved low-ODAP

and high biomass varieties for safe consumption.

A revolving fund will be creating for strengthening the model seed system in the

project area. The project will have good liaison with informal and formal seed

sectors involving national and state seed corporation and local self-help groups

and NGOs.

12. Project Monitoring, evaluation and Management

A eleven member Steering Committee headed by Agriculture Commissioner, DAC will

monitor the implementation and evaluate the progress of project. The committee may

visit the project implementation sites for

Half –yearly evaluation and monitoring of various components of project implementation

Farmers feedback on technology adoption and quality seed availability

Mid-term evaluation and if required modification in programme for implementation

Recommendation for policy interventions and strategy for expansion of program

Steering Committee

1. Agriculture Commissioner, DAC Chairman

2. Joint Secretary (Crops), DAC Co-Chairman

3. Director (Crops) DAC Member

4. Director (wheat)/(Pulses),DAC(as the case may be) Member

5. ADG(OP), ICAR Member

6. Director, IIPR, Kanpur member

7. Director, IGFRI, Jhansi Member

8. Director (Research), IGKVV, Raipur Member

9. Regional Coordinator, ICARDA, SACRP, New Delhi Member

10. Director, BIGM, ICARDA, Syria Member

11. Project Coordinator, MULLaRP, IIPR, Kanpur Member Secretary

Schedule for Steering Committee Meeting :

October 2010 Evaluation, Planning and Technical Programme Review

February/March 2011 Field Monitoring, Farmers feedback, Recommendation for

Intervention

September 2011 Evaluation, Planning and Technical Programme Review


Intervention

September 2012 Evaluation, Planning and Technical Programme Review


Intervention

13. Activities Milestone

The year wise activities of technological interventions are given below:

1st Year

i. Project launching workshop for partners and stakeholders (State Universities, National

Seed Corporation, National Crop Coordinator, NGOs, local governments, ICARDA) to

develop work-plans for the entire period of the project.

ii. Bench mark survey through PRA and selection of 10-15 farmers/farmer’s group in

intensive grasspea-growing areas in the selected districts/villages of states involved in the

project.

iii. Supply of inputs and verification and demonstration of low-ODAP varieties (Nirmal,

Prateek, Ratan, P-24, Mahateora) and improved technology (seed rate, time of

planting, priming and weeding schedules etc.) will be conducted in farmers’ fields. This

will lead to select farmer-preferred varieties, which will enable faster technology

dissemination, adoption and farmer-to-farmer seed diffusion.

iv. IGFRI, Janshi will evaluate grasspea lines for high biomass and quality for fodder and

feed and value addition.

v. To develop new varieties, a farmer-participatory varietal selection approach (PVS) will

be followed. All available low-toxin lines will be planted in farmers’ fields at several

sites in each state. Individual farmers, groups of farmers, extensionists, NGO staff and

the breeders will participate in selection of promising lines for eventual release. ODAP

analysis will be carried out at IGKVV and at ICARDA before release of a variety.

vi. ICARDA and IGKVV will develop and supply new low-ODAP lines with higher grain

and fodder yields to test in various agro-ecologies of project areas.

vii. Women/house-wives will be specifically trained on removal of toxic compounds before

consumption by various methods. This information will also be broadcasted by mass

media, poster, leaflets, etc

viii. Traveling workshops, field days, training research, extension and NGO staff will be

conducted as a part of human resources development. Besides, farmers will be

empowered through post and pre-harvest trainings through Farmers field school, On farm

farmers fair, Workshop, training

ix. Arranging visit of scientists & research/development managers to Syria and India (as the

case may be) for field evaluation and selection of lines suitable to Indian conditions for

incorporation in project areas and beyond

x. Annual workshop

2nd

Year

i. Selection of 2-3 other Villages in each selected districts with retention of 50% earlier

selected farmers

ii. Bench mark survey through PRA and Selection of 10-15 farmers/farmer’s group in

intensive grasspea-growing areas in the selected districts/villages of states involved in the

project

iii. Supply of inputs and Verification and demonstration of low-ODAP varieties (Nirmal,


planting, priming and weeding schedules etc.) will be conducted in farmers’ fields. This

will lead to select farmer-preferred varieties, which will enable faster technology




v. ICARDA and IGKVV will develop and supply new low-ODAP lines with higher grain

and fodder yields to test in various agro-ecologies of project areas, importing from

Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Syria, if need be.

vi. Quality/certified seed production of improved varieties will primarily be carried out by

public organizations. In addition to that, seed production will be carried out through

contract farmers and NGOs, if necessary.

vii. To develop new varieties, a farmer-participatory varietal selection approach (PVS) will

be followed. All available low-toxin lines will be planted in farmers’ fields at several

sites in each state. Individual farmers, groups of farmers, extensionists, NGO staff and

the breeders will participate in selection of promising lines for eventual release. ODAP

analysis will be carried out at IGKVV and at ICARDA before release of a variety.



empowered through post and pre-harvest trainings through Farmers field school, On farm

farmers fair, Workshop, training.

ix. Women/house-wives will be specifically trained on removal of toxic compounds before

consumption by various methods. This information will also be broadcasted by mass

media, poster, leaflets, etc.

x. Arranging visit of scientists & research/development managers to Syria and India (as the

case may be) for field evaluation and selection of lines suitable to Indian conditions for

incorporation in project areas and beyond

xi. Annual workshop, publication of training materials and midterm evaluation

xii. Seed production of selected varieties by farmers and creation of Village seed hub

3rd

Year

i. Selection of 2-3 other Villages in each selected districts with retention of 25% from

1st year, 50% from 2

nd year selected farmers with interested in seed multiplication and

farmers participatory research

ii. Bench mark survey through PRA and Selection of 10-15 farmers/farmer’s group in

intensive grasspea-growing areas in the selected districts/villages of states involved in

the project

iii. Supply of inputs and Verification and demonstration of low-ODAP varieties (Nirmal,


planting, priming and weeding schedules etc.) will be conducted in farmers’ fields.

This will lead to select farmer-preferred varieties, which will enable faster technology




v. ICARDA and IGKVV will develop and supply new low-ODAP lines with higher

grain and fodder yields to test in various agro-ecologies of project areas, importing

from Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Syria, if need be.

vi. To develop new varieties, a farmer-participatory varietal selection approach (PVS)

will be followed. All available low-toxin lines will be planted in farmers’ fields at

several sites in each state. Individual farmers, groups of farmers, extensionists, NGO

staff and the breeders will participate in selection of promising lines for eventual

release. ODAP analysis will be carried out at IGKVV and at ICARDA before release

of a variety.

vii. Quality/certified seed production of improved varieties will primarily be carried out

by public organizations. In addition to that, seed production will be carried out

through contract farmers and NGOs, if necessary



empowered through post and pre-harvest trainings through Farmers field school, On

farm farmers fair, Workshop, training

ix. Women/house-wives will be specifically trained on removal of toxic compounds

before consumption by various methods. This information will also be broadcasted by

mass media, poster, leaflets, etc

x. Arranging visit of scientists & research/development managers to Syria and India (as

the case may be) for field evaluation and selection of lines suitable to Indian

conditions for incorporation in project areas and beyond

xi. Travelling seminars for farmers and govt. officials showing the outstanding lentils

fields in different states and interacting with farmers.

xii. Adoption and impact studies will be conducted at the end of the project period.

xiii. Annual workshop, publication of training materials and final evaluation of project

xiv. Seed production of selected varieties by farmers and creation of Village seed hub

xv. Submission of final report and joint publications in referred journal, book chapters,

Symposia/workshop proceedings, leaflets, extension message etc.

14. Project Partners and their Responsibilities

ICARDA Overall coordination and project implementation. Project

implementation in Bihar, Bengal, UP and Chhattisgarh,

Introduction of ICARDA developed and supply of new low-

ODAP lines with higher grain and fodder yields to test in various

agro-ecologies of project areas Introduction of jointly developed

proved technology suited for rice fallow under Indian condition

duly refined and tested in countries like Bangladesh. Involve in

Farmer Participatory Varietal Selection. Technical backstopping,

Publication, Procuring and supply of equipments, Monitoring and

Reporting, Annual review meeting/Workshop. Demonstration of

the technologies for grasspea fodder and feed production and

storage. Pre and Post evaluation of Project for socio-economic

Impact Assessment Analysis. Farmers Seed processing and

training to women in removal of toxic compounds before

consumption.

IGKVV, Raipur Project implementation in Chhattisgarh, supply of IGKVV

developed new low-ODAP lines with higher grain and fodder

yields to test in various agro-ecologies of project areas, capacity

building in quality seed production, breeder seed production of

improved varieties and demonstration of crop management

technologies, Farmer Participatory varietal selection. Capacity

building ,Strengthening of the seed production chain involving

Foundation and Certified seed and its marketing. Demonstration of

the technologies for grasspea fodder and feed production and

storage Technical backstopping.

IGFRI, Jhansi Evaluate grasspea lines for high biomass and quality for fodder

and feed and value addition, demonstration in Bundelkhand areas-

the technologies for grasspea fodder and feed development and

storage, Farmers grasspea fodder Seed processing and training to

women in removal of toxic compounds before consumption

IIPR, Kanpur Evaluate grasspea lines for high biomass and low toxin (dual

purpose), demonstration in Uttar Pradesh areas-the technologies

for grasspea fodder and low toxin varieties, Farmers grasspea low

toxin and fodder Seed production and processing through farmers

participatory research, capacity building and training to women in

removal of toxic compounds before consumption

SPARK, Patna,

Bihar

Project implementation in Bihar, supply of IGKVV and ICARDA


yields to test in various agro-ecologies of project areas,

demonstration of crop management technologies, Farmer

Participatory varietal selection. Demonstration of the technologies

for grasspea fodder and feed production and storage, Capacity

building, Technical backstopping and training to women in


UBKVV, Cooch

Behar, West

Bengal

Project implementation in bengal, supply of IGKVV and ICARDA


yields to test in various agro-ecologies of project areas,

demonstration of crop management technologies, Farmer

Participatory varietal selection. Demonstration of the technologies

for grasspea fodder and feed production and storage, Capacity

building, Technical backstopping and training to women in


15. Technical interventions of Partners

Partners

(Institutions)

Existing practices Technology Interventions

ICARDA

Coordination

Cell

Nalanda Centre

Chandauli Centre

-

Local Cultivar with high ODAP

Utera & rice fallow broadcasting

No seed treatment or priming

No weed/nutrient management

Farmers use their own stored seed which

are not safe for grain consumption

Overall coordination and project

implementation. Introduction of low-

toxin high biomass developed material

from Ethiopia, Bangladeh & Syria.

Monitoring and Reporting, Annual

review meeting/Workshop.

Supply of low-ODAP material suited

for rice fallow developed in India.

Farmer Participatory Varietal

Selection, Improved technology viz.

seed priming/seed treatment& ICM.

Seed and fodder production and

processing

IGFRI, Jhansi

(UP)

Bundelkhand

(Jhansi, lalitpur/

Hamirpur)









Improved technology viz. seed

priming/seed treatment& ICM.

Evaluation of Fodder yeld potential

and quality

Evaluation of Material received from

ICARDA for dual purpose varietal

selection through farmers participatory

approach

SPARK (Bihar)

Patna


In Tal Area, broadcasting in receding

water; Utera & rice fallow broadcasting;

No seed treatment or priming; No

weed/nutrient management; Farmers use

their own stored seed which are not safe

for grain consumption







processing

UBKVV (West

Bengal)

Cooch

Behar/Nadia













processing

IGKVV,

(Chhattisgarh)

Raipur, Durg/

Bilaspur







Evaluation of ODAP of Introduced

selected exotic cultivars. Supply of

low-ODAP material suited for rice

fallow developed in India.



Evaluation of dual purpose varieties.




approach; development of material for

rice-fallow

IIPR (UP)

Mirzapur














approach

All the partners would also be responsible for attending/organising : Benchmark Survey/PRA;

Farmers field day/ Training ; Seminar/workshop; Publication; Reporting & Impact assessment.

16. Human Resources for execution of the Project:

COORDINATING UNIT AT ICARDA, New Delhi[PI (Principal Investigator] & skilled worker

NalandaCentre

ChnadauliCentre

IGFRIJhansi;Lalitpur/Hamirpur

SPARKPatna

UBKVVCooch Behar/Nadia

IGKVVRaipur;Durg/ Bilaspur

IIPRMirzapur

CCPI (Res. Assoc. & skilledWorker)

CCPI (Res. Assoc. & skilledworker




CCPI (Res. Assoc. & Res. Fell./ skilledWorker)


17. Seed Flow( Production)

Seed Flow

1st Year 5 acres.X10 Clust.X200 Kg= 10,000 KgSufficient for 400 acres cultivation & replacement

2nd Year

10acres X10 Clust.X200Kg=20,000 KgSufficient for another 800 acres cultivation and

replacement + 3200 acres from the seed diffusion among farmers

3rd year

20 acres X 10 clustersX200 Kg= 40,000 KgSufficient for another 1600 acres cultivation and

replacement + 32000 acres from the seed diffusion among farmers

18. Beneficiaries

The main beneficiaries would be the marginal farmers of rainfed areas of central and

eastern India by increasing their income from higher production. Increased production

and productivity of low-ODAP grasspea varieties will also mean more availability of safe

food to consumers. Quality for fodder and feed will be available in higher quantity during

the period and places where there existed deficit of quality fodder and feed. The poorest

of poor farmers would be directly benefitted, while the entire nation will benefitted by the

safe consumption of grasspea. Overall, the country will benefit from increased pulse

production, thus reduces deficit of pulses in the country.

19. Duration

Three years (October 2010 to September 2013)

20. Expected Outcome

At least 20 vibrant and sustainable model farmers –based seed production sites

established

3875 demonstrations of improved cultivars and production technologies apart

from 150 demonstrations for seed production.

Higher cropping intensity: improve land- use efficiency, more return and

sustainable production system through improved soil health achieved, phyto-

remediation, etc.

Grasspea area expansion in rice-fallow to increase availability of fodder and safe

grain to low income consumers

Production of about 20,000 kg seed during 2nd

year and 40,000 Kg seed during 3rd

year for continuity of seed chain.

Increased seed replacement rate (SSR) with low-ODAP cultivars

Insuring safe foods and availability of fodder in dry areas

21. Budget: A total budget of 534.59lakhs for three years

Budget: head-wise tentative break-up estimates

(Rs. In Lakhs)

S.

No.

Head of Expenditure 2010-11

Yr.-I

2011-12

Yr.-II

2012-13

Yr.-III

Total

1. Salary of contractual staff 27.04 27.04 27.35 81.43

2. Operational Expenses (supply of input, Labour, hiring

implements, soil test etc.), Overhead, Miscellaneous-exp,

Import of Seeds from Ethiopia, Bangladesh & Syria

70.02 78.87 71.26 220.15

3. Non-recurr. Equipments

14.2 13.7 2.5 30.4

4. PRA, Farmers’ Training, Field Schools, Field day,

Seminar &Workshop etc

25.5 29.0 30.0 84.5

5. Travel, monitoring & evaluation, data processing and

publication

26.55 29.95 34.25 90.75

6. Exchange of scientists & managers for evaluation &

selection of material

10.08 10.08 7.2 27.36

Total

173.39 188.64 172.56 534.59

Tentative breakup estimates (Year-wise and Institute wise) (in Rs. Lakh)

Sl.

No Name of Centre/Institution 2010-11

Yr.-I

2011-12

Yr.-II

2012-13

Yr.-III Total

1. ICARDA, South Asia Program, New Delhi, (Including

two project work centres at Nalanda & Chandauli and

import of seeds from Ethiopia, Syria and Bangladesh))

75.14 85.58 73.95 234.6

7

2. IGFRI, Jhansi 19.1 19.56 15.88 54.54

3. IGKVV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 26.14 26.94 26.15 79.23

4. IIPR, Kanpur 14.5 15.88 16.46 46.84

5. SPARK, Patna, Bihar 14.5 15.3 16.46 46.26 6. UBKVV, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 13.93 15.3 16.46 45.69 7. Exchange of scientists & managers for evaluation &

selection of material to Syria and India (as the case may

be)

10.08

(7)*

10.08

(7)*

7.2

(5)*

27.36

(19)*

Total 173.39 188.64 172.56 534.59

*No. of scientists and development officials visiting Syria/India

1. ICARDA, South Asia Office (in Rs. lakhs)

Recurring

Head No. of post Year I Year II Year III Total

(A) Salary

(i) Principal Investigator coordination

(Coordinating Unit) @Rs.0.35L/m+ 30% HRA

One 5.5 5.5 5.5 16.5

(ii) CCPI (Res. Associate) Nalanda Centre @

Rs. 0.18 L/m#+ 30% HRA

(iii) CCPI (Res. Associate) Chandauli Centre @

Rs. 0.18 L/m#+ 30% HRA

One

One

2.81

2.81

2.81

2.81

2.81

2.81

8.43

8.43

Sub Total Three 11.12 11.12 11.12 33.36

*No. of Scientists and development officials visiting Syria and India

(B) Project Work Centre Nalanda (Bihar)

Project Work Centre Chandauli (UPr)

ICARDA Coordinating Unit(incl. Import of exotic seed

from Ethiopia, Bangladesh & Syria)

(i) Operational Cost (Supplies of inputs for on-farm expt.,

import of seeds from Syria, skilled worker /contractual

labourers, and farmers seed processing etc.)

3.0

3.0

10.0

----

16.0

4.0

4.0

11.5

---

19.5

4.0.

4.0

4.5

----

12.5

48.0

(ii) POL & Hiring of vehicle (Nalanda centre, Chandauli

centre & Coord.Unit)

4.5 5.5 5.0 15.00

(iii)T.A. for Project work at national level , monitoring

etc.(Nalanda centre, Chandauli centre & Coord.Unit)

4.6 4.5 5.0 14.10

(iv) Workshop for farmers, SHG etc. Traveling Seminar etc 4.5 5.5 6.5 16.50

(v) Training of trainers/farmers/Training materials etc. 5.8 6.2 6.0 18.00

(vi) On-farm workshops/Farmers’Fair (Nalanda centre,

Chandauli centre & Coord.Unit)& Annual Workshop

6.2 7.3 7.5 21.0

(vii) Data Processing ,communication and Publications 3.5 4.5 5.0 13.0

(viii)Miscellaneous 2.0 2.0 2.0 6.0

Sub Total 47.1 55.0 49.5 151.6

Non-Recurring

(C) Equipment & vehicle

(i) Seed Bins (Five Nos.) 1.0 1.5 2.5

(ii) Plant Prot. Equip. & other need based equipments (less

than 0.25L each)

3.4 1.5 1.0 5.9

(iii) Portable Data Processing Unit (One) 1.5 1.5

(iv) digital Camera (One Nos.) 0.7 0.7

Sub Total 4.4 5.2 1.0 10.6

Total A+B+C+D 62.62 71.32 61.62 195.56

Institutional Charges @20% 12.52 14.26 12.33 39.11

Grand Total 75.14 85.58 73.95 234.67

(D) Exchange of scientists & managers for evaluation &

selection of material to Syria and India (as the case may be)

10.08

(7)*

10.08

(7)*

7.2

(5)*

27.36

(19)*

# Present Pay scale of R.A. is as approved by ICAR, as and when rates are revised, the

same may be applicable to them

2. Indian Grassland Fodder Research Institute (ICAR), Jhansi (in Rs. lakh)

Recurring

Head No. of post Year I Year

II

Year

III

Total

(A) Salary

(i) CCPI (Res. Associate) @ Rs. 0.18 L/m#+

30% HRA

One 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

Sub Total 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

(B)


import of seeds from Syria, skilled worker /contractual

labourers, and farmers seed processing, seed by back etc

4.5 5.0 4.5 14.0

(ii) POL & Hiring of vehicle 0.80 1.2 1.5 3.5

(iii)T.A. for Project work at national level, monitoring etc. 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0

(iv) On-farm workshops/Farmers’Fair 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0


(vi) Data Processing ,communication and Publications 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0

(vii)Miscellaneous 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0

Sub Total 9.8 10.7 11.0 31.5

Non-Recurring


(i) Seed Bins (two Nos.) 0.5 0.5 1.0

(ii) Plant Prot. Equip. & other need based equipments 3.5 3.0 6.5

Sub Total 4.0 3.5 - 7.5

Total A+B+C 16.61 17.01 13.81 47.43

Overhead(Institutional) Charges @15% 2.49 2.55 2.07 7.11

Grand Total 19.1 19.56 15.88 54.54

3. Indian institute of Pulses Research, (ICAR), Kanpur (in Rs. lakh)

Recurring


(A) Salary

(i) CCPI (Res. Associate) @ Rs. 0.18

L/m#+ 30% HRA

One 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

Sub Total 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

(B)


contractual labourers, and farmers seed processing etc.)

3.0 3.5 4.0 10.5


(iii)T.A. for Project work at national level, monitoring

etc.

1.3 1.0 1.0 3.3





Sub Total 8.8 9.5 11.0 29.3

Non-Recurring


(i) Seed Bins (Two Nos.) 0.5 0.5 1.0

(ii) Plant Prot. Equip. & other need based equipments 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.0

Sub Total 1.0 1.5 0.5 3.0

Total A+B+C 12.61 13.81 14.31 40.73


Grand Total 14.5 15.88 16.46 46.84

4. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (IGKVV), Raipur (in Rs. lakh)

Recurring


(A) Salary

(i) CCPI (Res. Associate) @ Rs. 0.18 L/m#+

30% HRA

(ii) Sr. ResFell. @ Rs. 0.12L/m#+ 30% HRA

for two year and 3rd

year @ Rs. 0.14L/m#+

30% HRA

One

One

2.81

1.87

2.81

1.87

2.81

2.18

8.43

5.92

Sub Total 4.68 4.68 4.99 14.35

(B)

(i) Operational Cost (Supplies of inputs for on-farm expt,

chemicals & glassware for lab.,Skilled worker., contractual

labourers, and farmers seed processing etc.)

8.5 9.0 9.5 27.0


(iii)T.A. for Project work at national level , monitoring

etc.

1.25 1.5 1.5 4.25




(viii)Miscellaneous 1.0 1.5 1.5 4.0

Sub Total 14.75 17.25 17.75 49.75

Non-Recurring

C. Equipment & vehicle

(i) Seed Bins (Two Nos.) 0.5 0.5 1.0

(ii) Plant Prot. Equip. & other need based equipments 2.8 1.0 3.8

Sub Total 3.3 1.5 4.8

Total A+B+C 22.73 23.43 22.74 68.9


Grand Total 26.14 26.94 26.15 79.23

5. Society for Promotion of Agricultural Research & Knowledge(SPARK), Patna

Recurring


(A) Salary

(i) (i) CCPI (Res. Associate) @ Rs. 0.18

L/m#+ 30% HRA

One 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

Sub Total 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

(B)



4.0 4.5 5.0 13.5




(v) Data Processing ,communication and Publications 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0

(vi)Miscellaneous 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0

Sub Total 8.8 9.5 11.0 29.3

Non-Recurring


(i) Seed Bins (One Nos.) 0.5 0.5 1.0


Sub Total 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.5

Total A+B+C 12.61 13.31 14.31 40.23


Grand Total 14.5 15.3 16.46 46.26

6. Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (UBKVV), Cooch Behar, W.B. (in Rs. lakhs)

Recurring


(A) Salary

(i) (i) CCPI (Res. Associate) @ Rs. 0.18

L/m#+ 30% HRA

One 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

Sub Total 2.81 2.81 2.81 8.43

A. Budget: Exchange of scientists & managers for evaluation and selection of materials

(Rs. in Lakhs)

S.

No.

Particulars 2010-11 2011-

12

2012-13 Total

1. Research & development managers from DAC(visit

to Syria)

2.88

(2)

2.88

(2)

2.88

(2)

8.64

(6)

2. Scientists from participating institutions (visit to

Syria)

4.32

(3)

4.32

(3)

2.88

(2)

11.52

(8)

2. Participating scientists from ICARDA H.Q. (visit to

India)

2.88

(2)

2.88

(2)

1.44

(1)

7.2

(5)

Total

10.08

(7)

10.08

(7)

7.2

(5)

27.36

(19)

Purpose: Visit of scientists & research/development managers to Syria and India (as the case

may be) for field evaluation and selection of lines suitable to Indian conditions for incorporation

in project areas and beyond

(B)



3.0 3.5 4.0 10.5







Sub Total 8.8 9.5 11.0 29.3

Non-Recurring


(i) Seed Bins (One Nos.) 0.5 0.5


Sub Total 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.0

Total A+B+C 12.11 13.31 14.31 39.73


Grand Total 13.93 15.3 16.46 45.69

22. Partnership and linkages

The Project will have collaboration with State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) and Department

of Agriculture (DOA) in the targeted states and staff associated in grasspeal production, research

and extension. The main project institutions and partner scientists associated in the project are as

follows:

ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria

Ashutosh Sarker Dr. Z Bishaw

Coordinator, South Asia & China Program Seed Specialist

NASC Complex, CGIAR Block ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria

New Delhi 110012, India Phone: 963-21-2213433; Fax: 963-21-2213490

Tel: 91-11-25847500; Fax: 91-11-25847503

E.mail: [email protected]

Dr Shiv Kumar Dr Aden Aw-Hassan

Lentil Breeder Socio-Economist

ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria

Phone: 963-21-2213433 Phone: 963-21-2213433

Fax: 963-21-2213490 Fax: 963-21-2213490

IGFRI, Jhansi UP

Dr. K.A. Singh

Director

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute of Pulses Research (IGFRI)

Near Pahuj Dam, Gwalior Road,

Jhansi-284003 UP

Phone: 0510-2730666; (M) 09415503499

Fax:091-0510-2730833

IIPR, Kanpur, UP

Dr. B. B. Singh

Project Coordinator, MULLaRP

AICRP, IIPR, Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024 UP

Phone: 0512-2570163; 09450156207 (M); Fax: 0512-2572582,

IGKVV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh

Dr. M.P.Pandey

Vice-Chancellor,

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya

Krishak Nagar, Raipur-492006, Chhattisgarh

Phone: 0771-2443419; Fax: 0771-2442302,2443121

SPARK, Bihar

Dr. Pawan Kumar

Pulse and Oilseed Breeder

Society for Promotion of Agricultural Research and Knowledge (SPARK)

A-7, Krishi Nagar; P.O. Ashiana Nagar; Patna-800025 (Bihar)

Phone: 0612-2281619, 09431851105

UBKVV, Cooch Behar Dr. A. C. Sinha

Director (Research)

Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya

P.O.Pundbari, Cooch Behar-736165, West Bengal

Phone: 03582-270246; (M): 09434685513; Fax: 03582-270246

DAC-ICARDA Pilot Project- Enhancing Grasspea

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