G.A.247447 Collaborative Project of the 7th Framework Programme

WP7 Service design, Exploitation, and Dissemination

D7.3: Final Dissemination Report

Graz University of Technology

V.1.0

30/11/2012

www.BrainAble.org

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Document Information Project Number 247447 Acronym BrainAble

Full title Autonomy and social inclusion through mixed reality Brain-Computer Interfaces: connecting the disabled to their physical and social world

Project URL http://www.BrainAble.org

EU Project officer Jan Komarek

Deliverable Number 3 Title Final Dissemination Report

Work package Number 7 Title Service design, Exploitation, and Dissemination

Date of delivery Contractual M36 Actual M36

Status Final

Nature Prototype Report Dissemination Other

Dissemination Level Public Consortium

Authors (Partner) Graz University of Technology (TU-GRAZ) Fundació Privada Barcelona Digital Centre Tecnològic (BDCT)

Responsible Author Bauernfeind, G; Scherer, R Email g.bauernfeind@tugraz.at

Partner TU-GRAZ Phone +43 316 873 30706

Abstract (for dissemination)

This document reports the project-wide dissemination undertaken by the project partners.

Keywords Dissemination actions

Version Log

Issue Date Version Author Change

06.11.2012 0.1 TU-GRAZ Document created; First draft – structure

13.11.2012 0.2 TU-GRAZ Input of content

15.11.2012 0.3 FPING FPING events added

20.11.2012 0.4 G.TEC Update published results and events

20.11.2012 0.5 BDCT Update website, results and events

22.11.2012 0.6 TU-GRAZ Input of content

26.11.2012 0.7 TU-GRAZ Revision of content

30.11.2012 1.0 TU-GRAZ/BDCT Formatting, final version released to the EC

The information in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. Its owner is

not liable for damages resulting from the use of erroneous or incomplete confidential information.

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Index

1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 4

2 DISSEMINATION SUPPORT MATERIAL ....................................................................................... 4

2.1 PROJECT VIDEOS .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 WEB PAGE ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3 FACEBOOK ................................................................................................................................. 6

3 THIRD YEAR DISSEMINATION ACTIONS ..................................................................................... 7

3.1 PAST ACTIVITIES – OVERVIEW TABLE ............................................................................................... 7 3.2 PUBLISHED RESULTS................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 PRESENTATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.4 OVERVIEW OF ALL PUBLISHED RESULTS AND PRESENTATIONS DURING THE WHOLE PERIOD ........................ 20 3.5 SPECIAL EVENTS ........................................................................................................................ 21 3.6 PH.D. AND MASTER THESES ........................................................................................................ 23 3.7 PRESS EVENTS, PRESS RELEASES, PRESS ARTICLES AND RELATED ITEMS .................................................. 23 3.8 PROJECT SPONSORING................................................................................................................ 26 3.9 PROJECT CLUSTERING ................................................................................................................. 26

4 LIST OF KEY WORDS/ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... 27

5 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................... 28

5.1 OVERVIEW DISSEMINATION REPORT YEAR 1 (D.7.1) ....................................................................... 28 5.2 OVERVIEW DISSEMINATION REPORT YEAR 2 (D.7.2) ....................................................................... 29

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1 Introduction

BrainAble project’s main objective was to help to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities by overcoming the two main shortcomings they suffer - exclusion from home and social activities. This was achieved by developing an ICT-based human computer interface (HCI) composed of BNCI sensors combined with affective computing and virtual environments, in the framework of the project.

An essential part of the project success was to disseminate the achieved results to researchers and therapists, among others, within and outside of the BrainAble network. Beside this, a major target of the project dissemination strategies was also to enable knowledge about the developed tools to the group of potential users.

This deliverable is aimed to report on the information disseminated through activities of individual partners, or groups of partners, focusing on specific technical developments carried out within the third year of the project (January to December 2012).

To give a final overview about all dissemination activities of the whole project period, a short summary of the first and second reporting period (reported in D7.1 by January 2011 and D7.2 by December 2011) can be found in the Appendix.

2 Dissemination support material

2.1 Project videos

• To provide information about the progress in the BrainAble project a description of the second year outcomes was launched at the project website (www.BrainAble ) in May 2012. The 12 minutes long video (English audio and subtitles) is also available for viewing on YouTube (

.org

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-UOxm0raYk ).

Figure 1: Snapshot of the “BrainAble – Second year of the project” video

By 29th of November 2012, the video had reached more than 550 views.

• On September 2012 a shorter version of the above mentioned video was launched on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsz0APmLzdQ&feature=g-all-u). The video is about 5 minutes long and has also English audio and subtitles. By 29th of November 2012, the video had reached more than 100 views.

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• On March 2012 TUG presented a Video of the “BCI-based interaction with World of Warcraft” at the IEEE Virtual Reality 2012 held in OC, CA. The video is also available on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXpjRwPQC5Q ).

Figure 2: Snapshot of the “BCI-based interaction with World of Warcraft” video

The video is 4 minutes long and has English subtitles. November the 29th, the video had reached more than 3150 views.

2.2 Web page

As reported in deliverable D.7.1 the project website was set up in February 2010 and has been continuously updated with latest news, dissemination activities, events, and other relevant information.

Website statistics are being retrieved since May 2011. These statistics show, until 20th of November of 2012, that www.BrainAble.org has received in total 6.535 visits (more than 340 visits per month) since the service subscription.

Figure 3: BrainAble’s webpage snapshot

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The following graphic shows relevant key statistics achieved by the website.

Figure 4: BrainAble’s webpage statistics

The averaged visit duration on the site was about 3 minutes. In this timeslot almost 3 pages were visited. Both values are good indicators of the website success as a three minute stay on a website is a long time for most scientific webs. These values tell us at least what is of special interest on our site and helps us to improve the internet presence in further projects.

2.3 Facebook

The BrainAble FP7 project is also represented on Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/BrainAble) since October 2012. Facebook is an important and powerful medium for dissemination, because it can give access to different kinds of information like project videos and upcoming scientific as well as social events.

Figure 4: BrainAble’s Facebook representation

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3 Third year dissemination actions

3.1 Past activities – Overview table

The following table summarizes the events where the BrainAble project was present.

A complete list of associated publications and presentations is included in the sections that follow this table.

Project participations in major events are also outlined in the website.

Figure 5: BrainAble’s webpage News section snapshot

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Date Title / Type Audience Countries Addressed

Partners Involved

01/12 Brain-Computer Interface: Internal Workshop & Distributor Workshop, Schiedlberg, Austria BCI Community World G.TEC

02/12 Brain-Computer Interface: AEC Training, Linz, Austria http://www.aec.at/aeblog/en/tag/brain-computer-interface/

General Europe G.TEC

03/12

“Accessibility and participation – full inclusion of people with disabilities in society", EU Conference on accessibility and participation, organised by the Danish Presidency of the Council of the European Union. Copenhagen, Denmark http://eu2012.dk/en/Meetings/Conferences/Mar/Konference-om-tilgaengelighed-og-medborgerskab

General Europe ALL

03/12 IEEE Virtual Reality 2012 Conference, Orange County, CA http://conferences.computer.org/vr/2012/

VR community + General

World TUG

03/12 3rd TOBI Workshop on “Bringing BCIs to End-Users: Facing the Challenge - Evaluation, User Perspectives, User Needs, and Ethical Questions”, Würzburg, Germany

BCI community Europe TUG

04/12 AEC "ROSTOCKER SYNAPSE - PINGO ERGO SUM", Lint, Austria http://www.kunsthallerostock.de/pingoergosum.html

General Europe G.TEC

04/12 g.tec: Brain-Computer Interface: Workshop tour Spain. Zaragoza, Valladolid, Madrid, Malaga, Valencia, Barcelona, Spain.

BCI community Europe G.TEC

07/12 2nd Modap-Move Summer School on Privacy Aware Social Mining, Leysin, Switzerland http://mss2012.modap.org

Social Mining community

Europe BDCT

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08/12 Ubiquitous Data Mining Workshop in conjunction with 20th European Conference of Artificial Intelligence, Montpellier, France http://www.liaad.up.pt/udm/

Artificial Intelligence Community

Europe BDCT

08/12 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), San Diego, CA www.embc2012.embs.org/

Neuroscientists Community

World TUG

10/12 4th International Conference on Neural Computation Theory And Applications 2012, Special Session on Challenges in Neuroengineering. Barcelona, Spain www.ncta.ijcci.org/

BCI community Europe G.TEC

11/12 RAatE 2012 (Coventry, U.K.) http://www.raate.org.uk/

Assistive Tech. community

Europe All Partners

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3.2 Published Results

The following specific publications with Framework Programme 7 (FP7) acknowledgment have been produced within the third reporting period:

Author/s Bryan M, Thomas V, Nicoll G, Chang L, Smith JR, and Rao RPN

Title What You Think is What You Get: Brain-Controlled Interfacing for the PR2

Format Conference paper

Abstract

In this demonstration we present a BCI system for directing a PR2 robot’s actions. The interface has been adapted for two example scenarios that are representative of possible interaction scenarios desired by a user. In the first demonstration, the interface controls a grasping interaction with objects detected in a room. This task illustrates the sort of functionality a BCI could provide in order to aid in patient autonomy. The second demonstration provides a pointing interface for the user to interact with a remote player in gameplay. This task shows how a BCI and robot proxy could aid in human-to human social interactions. These are representative of two broad classes of robotic teleoperation applications.

Event / Publication

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), http://www.iros2011.org

Date September 25-30, 2011

Author/s Wilson JA, Guger C, and Schalk G Title BCI Hardware and Software Format Book/Book Chapter

Abstract

A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables communication without movement based on brain signals measured with electroencephalography (EEG). BCIs usually rely on one of three types of signals: the P300 and other components of the event-related potential (ERP), steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), or event related desynchronization (ERD). Although P300 BCIs were introduced over twenty years ago, the past few years have seen a strong increase in P300 BCI research. This closed-loop BCI approach relies on the P300 and other components of the ERP, based on an oddball paradigm presented to the subject. In this paper, we overview the current status of P300 BCI technology, and then discuss new directions: paradigms for eliciting P300s; signal processing methods; applications; and hybrid BCIs. We conclude that P300 BCIs are quite promising, as several emerging directions have not yet been fully explored and could lead to improvements in bit rate, reliability, usability, and flexibility.

Event / Publication

In Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw (EDs), Oxford Univ Press, ISBN-10: 0195388852

Date January 24, 2012

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Author/s Friedrich E, Scherer R, and Neuper C

Title The effect of distinct mental strategies on classification performance for brain–computer interfaces

Format Journal Paper

Abstract

Motor imagery is the task most commonly used to induce changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for mental imagery-based brain computer interfacing (BCI). In this study, we investigated EEG patterns that were induced by seven different mental tasks (i.e. mental rotation, word association, auditory imagery, mental subtraction, spatial navigation, imagery of familiar faces and motor imagery) and evaluated the binary classification performance. The aim was to provide a broad range of reliable and user-appropriate tasks to make individual optimization of BCI control strategies possible. Nine users participated in four sessions of multi-channel EEG recordings. Mental tasks resulting most frequently in good binary classification performance include mental subtraction, word association, motor imagery and mental rotation. Our results indicate that a combination of ‘brain-teasers’ – tasks that require problem specific mental work (e.g. mental subtraction, word association) – and dynamic imagery tasks (e.g. motor imagery) result in highly distinguishable brain patterns that lead to an increased performance.

Event / Publication

International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 84, Issue 1, April 2012, Pages 86-94 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.014

Date January 29, 2012

Author/s Scherer R, Pröll M, Allison B, and Müller-Putz GR

Title New input modalities for modern game design and virtual embodiment

Format Conference paper

Abstract

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are not often used as input devices for modern games, due largely to their low bandwidth. However, BCIs can become a useful input modality when adapting the dynamics of the brain-game interaction, as well as combining them with devices based on other physiological signal to make BCIs more powerful and flexible. We introduce the Graz BCI Game Controller (GBGC) and describe how techniques such as context dependence, dwell timers and other intelligent software tools were implemented in a new system to control the Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game World of Warcraft (WoW).

Event / Publication

VR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Virtual Reality, March 2012, Pages 163-164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VR.2012.6180932

Date March 4-8, 2012

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Author/s Scherer R, Pröll M, Allison BZ, Rapp M, and Müller-Putz GR

Title BCI-based interaction with World of Warcraft

Format Conference Abstract

Abstract

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are devices that process a user’s brain signals to allow direct, i.e., without requiring any motor activity, communication and interaction with the environment. The Graz-BCI translates changes in oscillatory electroencephalogram (EEG) activity - induced by mental activity such as motor imagery - into messages for devices. EEG-based BCIs, however, suffer from a poor signal-to- noise ratio, which results in low information transfer rates (ITRs) compared to manual control. We aim at overcoming the low ITRs by using intelligent design and user interfaces. Recently, we started studying the dynamics of interaction with standard off-the- shelf software (e.g. Google Earth) and are currently working with the Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) World of Warcraft (Blizzard, Inc.) (WoW). We selected this game because of its success, immersive design and the many degrees of freedom allowed. We use macros, context awareness and dwell timers and show how the 3-class self- paced Graz-BCI and the selected control strategies can be used to interact with the game environment in many ways. Self-paced BCIs provide on-demand access and allow user to convey messages voluntarily with free will, when an interaction is required.

Event / Publication

IEEE Virtual Reality 2012 Conference, Orange County, CA http://conferences.computer.org/vr/2012/

Expected date March 4-8, 2012

Author/s Faller J, Vidaurre C, Friedrich EVC, Costa U, Opisso E, Medina J, Neuper C, Müller-Putz GR and Scherer R

Title Automatic adaptation to oscillatory EEG activity in spinal cord injury and stroke patients

Format Conference paper

Abstract

We present an adaptive, event-related desynchronization (ERD) based, two-class brain-computer interface (BCI) system that is optimized for users with disabilities. This very low-scale system performs auto-calibration, including selection of classes after only minutes of training. It is then able to provide feedback using a linear discriminant analysis classifier on only 1 selected logarithmic bandpower feature from 1 static bipolar channel. Whenever 5 new trials per class are available, the system automatically reselects the 1 of 4 features with highest discriminability according to Fisher score and retrains the classifier model. In an extensive simulation with each one of 31 different bipolar derivations on data from 9 severely impaired spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke patients we find that a bipolar derivation anterior and posterior to Cz yields the highest mean accuracy of 76±12.1% over all patients.

Event / Publication

Tools for Brain-Computer Interaction (TOBI) Workshop III, Würzburg, Germany http://www.tobi-project.org/2011/10/12/tobi-workshop-lll-call-paper

Date March 20-22, 2012

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Author/s Guger C, Krausz G, Allison BZ, and Edlinger G

Title Comparison of dry and gel based electrodes for P300 brain–computer interfaces

Format Journal Paper

Abstract

Most brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) rely on one of three types of signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG): P300s, steady-state visually evoked potentials, and event-related desynchronization. EEG is typically recorded non-invasively with electrodes mounted on the human scalp using conductive electrode gel for optimal impedance and data quality. The use of electrode gel entails serious problems that are especially pronounced in real-world settings when experts are not available. Some recent work has introduced dry electrode systems that do not require gel, but often introduce new problems such as comfort and signal quality. The principal goal of this study was to assess a new dry electrode BCI system in a very common task: spelling with a P300 BCI. A total of 23 subjects used a P300 BCI to spell the word "LUCAS" while receiving real-time, closed-loop feedback. The dry system yielded classification accuracies that were similar to those obtained with gel systems. All subjects completed a questionnaire after data recording, and all subjects stated that the dry system was not uncomfortable. This is the first field validation of a dry electrode P300 BCI system, and paves the way for new research and development with EEG recording systems that are much more practical and convenient in field settings than conventional systems.

Event / Publication

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Volume 6, Article 60, May 2012, Pages 1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00060

Date May 07, 2012

Author/s Faller J, Vidaurre C, Solis-Escalante T, Neuper C, and Scherer R

Title Autocalibration and recurrent adaptation: Towards a plug and play online ERD-BCI

Format Journal Paper

Abstract

System calibration and user training are essen- tial for operating motor imagery based brain-computer inter- face (BCI) systems. These steps are often unintuitive and tedious for the user, and do not necessarily lead to a satisfactory level of control. We present an Adaptive BCI framework that provides feedback after only minutes of autocalibration in a two-class BCI setup. During operation, the system recurrently reselects only one out of six predefined logarithmic bandpower features (10 to 13 and 16 to 24 Hz from Laplacian derivations over C3, Cz and C4), specifically, and the feature that exhibits maximum discriminability. The system then retrains a linear discriminant analysis classifier on all available data and updates the online paradigm with the new model. Every retraining step is preceded by an online outlier rejection. Operating the system requires no engineering knowledge other than connecting the user and starting the system. In a supporting study, ten out of twelve novice users reached a criterion level of above 70 % accuracy in one to three sessions (10 to 80 min online time) of training, with a median accuracy of 80.2 ± 11.3 % in the last session. We consider the presented system a positive first step towards fully autocalibrating motor imagery BCIs.

Event / Publication

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehab. Engineering, Volume 20, Issue 3, May 2012, Pages 313-319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2012.2189584

Date May 18, 2012

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Author/s Casale P, Fernández JM, Rafael Palou X, Ratsgoo M, Torrellas S, and Miralles F

Title Enhanching User Experience with Brain-Computer-Interfaces in Smart Home Environments

Format Conference paper

Abstract

In this work, the benefits of Ambient Intelligence for enhancing user experience with Brain-Computer interfaces are explored. In a smart-home environment, statistics of devices activations are used to learn user habits and adapting the interface for providing the most usual option to the user, reducing the time spent navigating through hierarchical menus. The activation statistics are learnt by discriminative machine learning algorithms able to provide the most suitable options for the user interface. Promising experimental results on simulated scenarios encourage following on this research direction.

Event / Publication

8th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE’12), June 2012, Pages 307-310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IE.2012.71

Expected date

June 26-29, 2012

Author/s Scherer R, Faller J, Balderas Silva DC, Friedrich E, Pröll M, Allison BZ, and Müller-Putz G Title Brain–computer interfacing: more than the sum of its parts Format Journal paper

Abstract

The performance of non-invasive electroencephalogram-based (EEG) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) has improved significantly in recent years. However, remaining challenges include the non-stationarity and the low signal-to-noise ratio of the EEG, which limit the bandwidth and hence the available applications. Optimization of both individual components of BCIs and the interrelationship between them is crucial to enhance bandwidth. In other words, neuroscientific knowledge and machine learning need to be optimized by considering concepts from human–computer interaction research and usability. In this paper, we present results of ongoing relevant research in our lab that addresses several important issues for BCIs based on the detection of transient changes in oscillatory EEG activity. First, we report on the long-term stability and robustness of detection of oscillatory EEG components modulated by distinct mental tasks, and show that the use of mental task pairs “mental subtraction versus motor imagery” achieves robust and reliable performance (Cohen’s κ > 0.6) in seven out of nine subjects over a period of 4 days. Second, we report on restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) as promising tools for the recognition of oscillatory EEG patterns. In an off-line BCI simulation we computed average peak accuracies, averaged over ten subjects, of 80.8 ± 7.2 %. Third, we present the basic framework of the context-aware hybrid Graz-BCI that allows interacting with the massive multiplayer online role playing game World of Warcraft. We show how a more integrated design approach that considers all components of BCIs, their interrelationships, other input signals and contextual information can increase interaction efficacy.

Event / Publication

Soft computing, July 2012, Pages 1-15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-012-0895-4

Date July 17, 2012

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Author/s Rastgoo M, Lemaitre G, Rafael-Palou X, Miralles F, and Casale P Title Pruning AdaBoost for Continuous Sensors Mining Applications Format Conference paper

Abstract

In this work, pruning techniques for the AdaBoost classifier are evaluated specially aimed for a continuous learning framework in sensors mining applications. To assess the methods, three pruning schemes are evaluated using standard machine-learning benchmark datasets, simulated drifting datasets and real cases. Early results obtained show that pruning methodologies approach and sometimes out-perform the no-pruned version of the classifier, being at the same time more easily adaptable to the drift in the training distribution. Future works are planned in order to evaluate the approach in terms of time efficiency and extension to big-data analysis.

Event / Publication

Ubiquitous Data Mining Workshop in conjunction with 20th European Conference of Artificial Intelligence, Montpellier, France http://www.liaad.up.pt/udm/

Date August 27-31, 2012

Author/s Fazel-Rezai R, Allison BZ, Guger C, Sellers EW, Kleih SC, and Kübler A Title P300 brain computer interface: current challenges and emerging trends Format Journal paper

Abstract

A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables communication without movement based on brain signals measured with electroencephalography (EEG). BCIs usually rely on one of three types of signals: the P300 and other components of the event-related potential (ERP), steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), or event related desynchronization (ERD). Although P300 BCIs were introduced over twenty years ago, the past few years have seen a strong increase in P300 BCI research. This closed-loop BCI approach relies on the P300 and other components of the ERP, based on an oddball paradigm presented to the subject. In this paper, we overview the current status of P300 BCI technology, and then discuss new directions: paradigms for eliciting P300s; signal processing methods; applications; and hybrid BCIs. We conclude that P300 BCIs are quite promising, as several emerging directions have not yet been fully explored and could lead to improvements in bit rate, reliability, usability, and flexibility.

Event / Publication

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Volume 5, Article 14, July 2012, Pages 1-14 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneng.2012.00014

Date July 17, 2012

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Author/s Faller J, Torrellas S, Miralles F, Holzner C, Kapeller C, Guger C, Bund J, Müller-Putz G, and Scherer, R

Title Prototype of an auto-calibrating, context-aware, hybrid brain-computer interface Format Conference paper

Abstract

We present the prototype of a context-aware framework that allows users to control smart home devices and to access internet services via a Hybrid BCI system of an auto-calibrating sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) based BCI and another assistive device (Integra Mouse mouth joystick). While there is extensive literature that describes the merit of Hybrid BCIs, auto-calibrating and co-adaptive ERD BCI training paradigms, specialized BCI user interfaces, context-awareness and smart home control, there is up to now, no system that includes all these concepts in one integrated easy-to-use framework that can truly benefit individuals with severe functional disabilities by increasing independence and social inclusion. Here we integrate all these technologies in a prototype framework that does not require expert knowledge or excess time for calibration. In a first pilot-study, 3 healthy volunteers successfully operated the system using input signals from an ERD BCI and an Integra Mouse and reached average positive predictive values (PPV) of 72 and 98% respectively. Based on what we learned here we are planning to improve the system for a test with a larger number of healthy volunteers so we can soon bring the system to benefit individuals with severe functional disability.

Event / Publication

Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Eng. in Med. and Biology Soc. (EMBC) 2012, Pages 1827-1830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346306

Date Aug. 28 2012-Sept. 1 2012

Author/s Carmichael C and Carmichael P

Title BNCI Systems as a potential Assistive Technology: ethical issues and participatory research in the BrainAble Project

Format Conference paper

Abstract

Purpose. This paper highlights aspects of the current state of research and thinking about ethical issues in relation to Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and Brain-Neuronal Computer Interfaces (BNCI) research through the experience of one particular project, BrainAble, which is exploring and developing the potential of these technologies to enable people with complex disabilities to control a computer. It describes how ethical practice has been developed both within the multidisciplinary research team and with participants. Results. The paper presents findings from the project in which participants shared their views of the project prototypes, of the potential of BCI/BNCI systems as an assistive technology, and of their other possible applications. This draws attention to the importance of ethical practice in projects where high expectations of technologies and representations of 'ideal types' of disabled users may reinforce stereotypes or drown out participant 'voices'. Conclusions. Ethical frameworks for research and development in emergent areas such as BCI/BNCI systems should be based on broad notions of a ‘duty of care’ while being sufficiently flexible to allow researchers to adapt project procedures according to participant needs. They need to be frequently revisited, not only in the light of experience, but also to make sure that they reflect new research findings and ever more complex and powerful technologies.

Event / Publication

Disability and Rehabilitation = 2013 http://www.raate.org.uk/

Date Expected date

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Additional: A Roadmap for Future Directions in Brain / Neuronal Computer Interaction Research, January 2012 This roadmap was developed by the Future BNCI Project and researchers from other BNCI Research Cluster projects (as for instance BrainAble project) co-financed by DG Information society and media (Directorate "ICT Addressing Societal Challenges", Unit "ICT for Inclusion") under the Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] of the European Union. The publication addresses the next five years of Brain/Neuronal Computer Interaction Research. This roadmap reflects two years of development, with contributions from stakeholders around the world. Future BNCI was a Coordination and Support Action under the ICT Theme of FP7. http://www.brainable

.org/en/Dissemination/Publications/Documents/Future_BNCI_Roadmap.pdf It shall be noticed that Project publications are available for downloading from the project website.

Figure 6: BrainAble’s webpage Publications section snapshot

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3.3 Presentations

The following presentations have been given on BrainAble as a whole or on specific technical developments within the Year 3 reporting period:

Author/s de la Vega Arias J, Hintermueller C, and Guger C

Title Generic Brain-computer Interface for Social and Human-computer Interaction

Format Conference talk

Abstract -

Event / Publication

The Fifth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, Valencia, Spain http://www.iaria.org/conferences2012/ACHI12.html

Expected date January 30-February 4, 2012

Author/s de la Vega Arias J, and Guger C

Title Bio-signal research

Format Conference talk

Abstract -

Event / Publication

The Fifth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, Valencia, Spain http://www.iaria.org/conferences2012/ACHI12.html

Expected date January 30-February 4, 2012

Author/s Scherer R, Pröll M, Allison B, and Müller-Putz GR

Title New input modalities for modern game design and virtual embodiment

Format Poster

Abstract

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are not often used as input devices for modern games, due largely to their low bandwidth. However, BCIs can become a useful input modality when adapting the dynamics of the brain-game interaction, as well as combining them with devices based on other physiological signal to make BCIs more powerful and flexible. We introduce the Graz BCI Game Controller (GBGC) and describe how techniques such as context dependence, dwell timers and other intelligent software tools were implemented in a new system to control the Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game World of Warcraft (WoW).

Event / Publication

IEEE Virtual Reality 2012 Conference, Orange County, CA http://conferences.computer.org/vr/2012/

Date March 4-8, 2012

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Author/s Faller J, Vidaurre C, Friedrich EVC, Costa U, Opisso E, Medina J, Neuper C, Müller-Putz GR and Scherer R

Title Automatic adaptation to oscillatory EEG activity in spinal cord injury and stroke patients

Format Conference talk

Abstract -

Event / Publication

3rd TOBI Workshop on “Bringing BCIs to End-Users: Facing the Challenge - Evaluation, User Perspectives, User Needs, and Ethical Questions”, Würzburg, Germany

Expected date March 20-22, 2012

Author/s Scherer R, Pröll M, Allison BZ, Rapp M, and Müller-Putz GR

Title BCI-based interaction with World of Warcraft

Format Video Presentation

Abstract -

Event / Publication

IEEE Virtual Reality 2012 Conference, Orange County, CA http://conferences.computer.org/vr/2012/

Expected date March 4-8, 2012

Author/s Casale P

Title Social Mining for People with Special Needs: Independent Living at Home and in the City

Format Poster

Abstract -

Event / Publication

2nd Modap-Move Summer School on Privacy Aware Social Mining, Leysin, Switzerland http://mss2012.modap.org

Date July 1-6, 2012

Author/s Rastgoo M, Lemaitre G, Rafael-Palou X, Miralles F, and Casale P Title Pruning AdaBoost for Continuous Sensors Mining Applications Format Poster

Abstract

In this work, pruning techniques for the AdaBoost classifier are evaluated specially aimed for continuous learning in sensors mining applications. To assess the methods, three pruning schemes are evaluated using standard machine-learning benchmark datasets, simulated drifting datasets and real world cases. Early results obtained show that the pruning methodologies approach and sometimes out-perform the no-pruned version of the classifier, being at the same time more easily adaptable to the drift in the training distribution. Future works are planned in order to evaluate the approach in terms of time efficiency and big-data extensions.

Event / Publication

Ubiquitous Data Mining Workshop in conjunction with 20th European Conference of Artificial Intelligence, Montpellier, France http://www.liaad.up.pt/udm/

Date August 27-31, 2012

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Author/s Faller J, Torrellas S, Miralles F, Holzner C, Kapeller C, Guger C, Bund J, Müller-Putz G, and Scherer, R

Title Prototype of an auto-calibrating, context-aware, hybrid brain-computer interface Format Poster Abstract - Event / Publication

34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Eng. in Med. and Biology Soc. (EMBC) 2012, www.embc2012.embs.org/

Date Aug. 28 2012-Sept. 1 2012

Author/s Edlinger G, Kapeller C, Espinosa A, Torrelas S, Miralles F, and Guger C

Title Real-time analysis of EEG, EMG, EOG and motion for communication with smart homes and social networks

Format Poster

Abstract -

Event / Publication

Neuroscience 2012, SfN's 42nd annual meeting, New Orleans, USA http://www.sfn.org/am2012/

Date October 13-17,2012

3.4 Overview of all published results and presentations during the whole project period

The following graphic gives an overview about all specific publications with Framework Programme 7 (FP7) acknowledgment produced within the whole project period. A short overview about activities in the first and second reporting period (reported in D7.1 by January 2011 and D7.2 by December 2011) can be found in the appendix.

Figure 6: Overview of all published results and presentations during the whole project period

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3.5 Special events

BrainAble at Presidency Conference on accessibility and participation

On the 5th-6th March 2012, the EU Conference on accessibility and

participation organised by the Danish Presidency of the Council of the European Union in cooperation with the European Commission, took place in Copenhagen at the Scandic Hotel Sydhavnen. Working-title of the Conference was "Accessibility and participation – full inclusion of people with disabilities in society". It has been a challenge to ensure that people with disabilities have access to society and are able to participate in society and have the same possibilities as non-disabled persons.

The conference focused on the potential and opportunities arising with the challenges. Organisers wanted to draw attention to good ideas and innovative solutions that make people with disabilities able to lead active productive lives well integrated in society and family. The Conference meets governments high level representatives, the European Commission and NGO’s of the EU member states.

The opening session conducted by Mrs. Dorte Bech Vizard, Head of Department of the Danish Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration counted with the presence of the H.R.H Crown Princess Mary of Denmark. Specific sessions on accessibility and disability were conducted by Mr. Stig Langvad, President of DPOD, member of the Executive Committee of the European Disability Forum and Mrs. Ima Placencia, Deputy Head of Unit Rights of Persons with Disability of the European Commission among other.

BrainAble project was invited to participate by joining the exhibit space built to show inspirational, technical and educational examples in the areas of accessibility and participation. BrainAble’s booth, managed by Mr. Felip Miralles (project coordinator) and Mr. Juan M. Fernández both from Barcelona Digital, displayed Year 2 prototype and captured the attention and interest of most participants in the Conference, which were most important European stakeholders in the accessibility and disability arena.

BrainAble final prototype showcast at the RAatE 2012!

BrainAble project was represented at the RAatE 2012 (Coventry, U.K. / Monday 26th November 2012), the biggest UK conference focused on the latest innovations in Assistive Technology.

The BrainAble project consortium presented findings and developments from the research project (Figure 7) and showed the demonstrator of the BrainAble prototype. The BrainAble final prototype was running in the Exhibition Hall throughout the day (Figure 8). Multiple approaches were explored (e.g. ERD BNCI and P300 interface) in different demonstrations to control the services available in the prototype:

• Smart Home appliances • Social Network applications • In-home Virtual Reality • Telepresence service

The project organised a workshop during the afternoon session: "Developing BNCI as an Assistive Technology Workshop BNCI Project".

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Coordinated by Felip Miralles, the Project Coordinator from Barcelona Digital, the workshop introduced the audience to the BrainAble project, the EEG and ERD/s based BCIs -hybrid BCIs (slot conducted by Josef Faller from the Technical University of Graz, Austria), the BCI side of BrainAble prototype (Arnau Espinosa, g.tec OEG, Austria), the Ambient Intelligence, smart home control, social services and virtual reality (Sergi Torrellas from Barcelona Digital, Spain) and the iterations of users' testing and validation processes (Clare Carmichael, Abilitynet, United Kingdom).

See the full workshop presentation.

Additionally, lead by Mrs Clare Carmichael - Research Analyst - Abilitynet/ Honorary senior research fellow Liverpool John Moores University, a paper and a session on “Ethical Issues in BNCI and Participatory Research in the BrainAble Project” was conducted.

The presentation described current thinking about ethical issues in relation to BCI/BNCI research both generally and in relation to this particular project, and the patterns of ethical practice that have been developed both within the multidisciplinary research team and with participants. “BCI/BNCI research involves novel and emergent technologies and their as yet undetermined potential for use as assistive technologies (rather than medical devices or gaming interfaces) means that the project's ethical framework has had to be flexible, responsive and participatory. A further challenge has been presented by rapidly increasing public awareness of BCI/BNCI systems as potential means of addressing 'Locked-In Sydrome' which itself remains a problematic concept. This has meant that participant expectations of what the technologies can actually achieve have had to be carefully managed”.

The paper concluded with a discussion of some findings from the project in which participants shared their views of the project prototypes, of the potential of BCI/BNCI systems as an assistive technology, and of their other possible applications. This draws attention to the importance of ethical practice in projects where high expectations of technologies and representations of 'ideal types' of disabled users may reinforce stereotypes or drown out participant 'voices'.

Figure 7: BrainAble exhibition space at the RAatE 2012

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Figure 8: BrainAble final prototype showcast

3.6 Ph.D. and Master Theses

• Pröll, Markus; Master Theses; finalized • Grissmann, Sebastian; Diploma Theses, finalized • Faller Josef, Ph:D. theses; in progress

3.7 Press events, press releases, press articles and related items

This section lists events and publication not funded by BrainAble, but contributing to information dissemination for the project.

• On the 7th December 2011 the BNCI created by the BrainAble project was presented in the eNews article “From Hospitals to Hollywood” on the eHealthNews.eu portal (http://www.ehealthnews.eu/development/2864-from-hospitals-to-hollywood).

• On the 21st of December 2011 BNCI technology was again mentioned on the Commissioner's Mrs Neelie Kroes blog (Vice-President of the European Commission responsible for the Digital Agenda). Till now the page (http://blogs.ec.europa.eu/neelie-kroes/new-year-message/) has more than 64500 views. In her video message there is also a specific link to BrainAble's website.

• On December 21st, a live presentation of the BCI speller component was shown in the “La Marató” TV program. La Marató is an annual TV show from the first Catalonian TV channel (TV3)

• On the 22nd of January 2012 the BrainAble project was mentioned in the eNews article “Gipuzkoa lidera un plan internacional para producir tecnología sin barreras. Vicomtech-IK4 funda con centros investigadores la alianza Open URC. Se ofrece a las empresas entrar en el potente mercado de la accesibilidad universal” on

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Diariovasco.com (http://www.diariovasco.com/v/20120122/al-dia-local/gipuzkoa-lidera-plan-internacional-20120122.html, article in Spanish).

• On the 23rd of February 2012, BrainAble project has been presented on the CORDIS Technology Marketplace (http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=OFFR_TM_EN&ACTION=D&RCN=8113, article in English). CORDIS - Community Research and Development Information Service, is an information space devoted to European research and development (R&D) activities and technology transfer. In the article “Feature Stories - Enhanced brain-computer interface promises unparalleled autonomy for disabled” the project research was highlighted as an example of technologies being developed to help people with disabilities live more independent and autonomous lives. On the same day the article was also published in the Newsroom at the Digital Agenda for Europe a European Commission site. The article can be accessed by the following link (https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/enhanced-brain-computer-interface-promises-unparalleled-autonomy-disabled).

• On Tuesday 28th February 2012 the above mentioned article was also published on ScienceDaily® (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120228114203.htm).

• The BrainAble project was further introduced in the eArticle “BrainAble project to offer benefits for people with motor disabilities” published on the 28th February 2012 in the weekly newsletter from NewsMEDICAL (http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120228/BrainAble

). -project-to-offer-benefits-for-people-with-

motor-disabilities.aspx

• On the 29th February 2012 the BrainAble project was presented in the article “BrainAble project to offer benefits for people with disabilities” (http://globalaccessibilitynews.com/2012/02/29/brainable

) on the Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments (GAATES) News site. GAATES is the leading international organization dedicated to promoting the understanding and implementation of accessibility of the sustainable built, social and virtual environments, including architectural, infrastructural design, transportation systems, habitat, and electronic information and communication technologies.

-project-to-offer-benefits-for-people-with-disabilities/

• On Thursday 1st March 2012 the Fars News

Agency (FNA), Iran's leading independent news agency, reported about the BrainAble project (http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9010176632).

• On the 30th March 2012 the eArticle “Informes Biomed: Realidad virtual aplicada a la lesión modular” was published on the TechnologyReview website (https://www.technologyreview.es/read_article.aspx?id=39977&pg=1).

•

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• In May 2012 a magazine article about the BrainAble project was published in Sobre Ruedas (Guttmann Institute magazine Nr.80, pp.15-17). The article “BrainAble: Investigación para mejorar la autonomía e inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad” is written in Spanish and can be found online at http://www.revista-sobreruedas.org/Sobre%20Ruedas%20-%20Revista%2080/HTML/sobre-ruedas-revista80.html#/1/.

• On Wednesday 29th August 2012 the article “Enhanced brain-computer interface promises unparalleled autonomy for disabled” was published in the EU eHealth newsletter (EC Information Society and Media Directorate).

• On Friday 21st September 2012 the article “Thought control can aid disabled” mentioning the BrainAble project was published in the electronic version of the

South China Morning Post .

• In September an article ”Comunicacão cérebro-computador” on AmI and indeed BrainAble project was published in the Brazilian RTI magazine (technical publication aimed at telecommunications). The article can be accessed by the following link (http://www.arandanet.com.br/midiaonline/rti/2012/setembro/index.html, pages 80-91) Actually this article is the Portuguese translation of our article "Context-awareness as an enhancement of brain-computer interfaces" (Navarro A, Ceccaroni L, Velickovski F, Torrellas S, Miralles F, Allison B, Scherer R and Faller J. III International Workshop on Ambient Assisted Living IWAAL 2011, June 2011).

• On December 11th 2012, the BrainAble prototype will be presented on the TV show “Que Qui Com” from the regional Catalonian television TV3. Que Qui Com is an educational program produced by Televisió de Catalunya on science, nature, health and technology. In the probing spirit of science, the program delves into the science behind our everyday world. The show’s reporters take part in situations that make them eager to learn more about the things they see or experience outside the studio.

• In December 2012 an interview about Brainable and BCI videogame control will be emitted by the satellite channel Euronews. Euronews is celebrating the spirit of innovation in Europe with a new series of fast-paced three minute reports. Euronews Innovation showcases some of the most exciting products developed by European researchers, scientists and entrepreneurs. http://www.euronews.com/programs/innovation/

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3.8 Project Sponsoring

The BrainAble project has benefit during its implementation from the support of three companies, duly acknowledged in the website:

• The first company, approaching the project in 2011, was Telegesis (U.K.), the world’s largest supplier of ember based zigbee modules.. This company supplied several stick units to Meticube.

• - On January 2012, Netvox Technology Co. Ltd (company based in Taiwan) agreed in

sponsoring the project by providing discounts in the ZigBee devices acquired by a BrainAble Consortium member.

• Last, by not least, the American Company TEMCO CONTROLS LTD., a big manufacturer of HVAC controls and a range of HVAC sensors, relays, valves and thermostats, signed a sponsorship agreement with the project consortium to provide free of charge several sensors to partner Meticube.

In this three sponsoring, what was intended is that the Sponsors contribute to the Project with hardware components that have been used in the research and development phase, and, if agreed, later on in the form of a future product.

3.9 Project Clustering

The BrainAble project is part of the BNCI FP7 cluster. Within the scope of clustering BrainAble collaborated with the following projects to use synergies. ABC (EU project, 2011-2014; http://www.abc-project.eu/) BackHome (EU project, 2012-2015; http://www.backhome-fp7.eu/) Tobi (EU project, 2008-2012; http://www.tobi-project.org/)

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4 List of Key Words/Abbreviations

AmI Ambient Intelligence

BCI Brain Computer Interface

BNCI Brain/Neuronal Computer Interface

HCI Human Computer Interface

ICT Information and Communication Technology

VR Virtual Reality

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5 Appendix

The following section gives a short overview about all specific publications with Framework Programme 7 (FP7) acknowledgment produced within the first and second reporting period.

5.1 Overview Dissemination Report Year 1 (D.7.1)

Dissemination activities in the first reporting period (reported in D7.1 by January 2011) included the release of the project web site and corporate materials in addition to a large number of overview and specialised researched-based presentations and publications.

Journal Paper:

Brunner C, Allison B Z, Altstätter C, Neuper C. A comparison of three BCIs based on ERD, SSVEP, or a hybrid approach using both signals. J Neural Eng. 2011 Apr;8(2):025010.

Brunner C, Allison B Z, Krusienski D J, Kaiser V, Müller-Putz G R, Neuper C, Pfurtscheller G. Improved signal processing approaches for a hybrid brain-computer interface simulation. J Neurosci Methods. 2010 Apr;188(1):165-73.

Pfurtscheller G, Allison B Z, Bauernfeind G, Brunner C, Solis-Escalante T, Scherer R, Zander T, Müller-Putz G R, Neuper C, Birbaumer N. The hybrid BCI. Front Neurosci. 2010 Apr;4:30. doi: 10.3389/fnpro.2010.00003.

Proceeding / Conference paper:

Faller J, Leeb R, Pfurtscheller G, Scherer R. Avatar navigation in virtual and augmented reality environments using an SSVEP BCI. Proceeding of the first international conference on Applied Bionics and Biomechanics (ICABB-2010), pp. 1-4, 2010.

Ortner R, Guger C, Prueckl R, Grünbacher E, Edlinger G. SSVEP based Brain-Computer Interface for Robot Control. Proceedings of ICCHP 2010, Part II, LNCS 6180, pp. 85–90, 2010.

Ortner R, Prueckl R, Gruenbacher E, Holzner C, Guger C. Classification accuracy of a P300 speller during different periods of event related potential. Biomed Tech 2010; 55 (Suppl. 1): 108-111.

Pfurtscheller G, Scherer R. Brain-Computer Interfaces used for Virtual Reality Control. Proceeding of the first international conference on Applied Bionics and Biomechanics (ICABB-2010), pp. 1-3, 2010.

Scherer R, Pfurtscheller G. Brain-Computer Interfacing and Virtual Reality. Proceeding of the first international conference on Applied Bionics and Biomechanics (ICABB-2010), 2010.

Scherer R, Chung M, Lyon J, Cheung W, Rao PNR. Interaction with Virtual and Augmented Reality Environments using Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfacing. Proceeding of the first international conference on Applied Bionics and Biomechanics (ICABB-2010), pp. 1-4, 2010.

Book / Book chapter:

Allison BZ, and Neuper C. Could Anyone Use a BCI? in “Brain-Computer Interfaces, Applying our minds to Human-Computer Interaction”, Tan D S, and Nijholt A (Eds.), Springer, Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York, e-ISBN: 978-1-84996-272-8, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84996-272-8, 2010.

Graimann B, Allison BZ, and Pfurtscheller G. Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Gentle Introduction. in “BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES Revolutionizing Human-Computer Interaction”, Graimann B, Allison B Z, and Pfurtscheller G (Eds.), Springer, Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York, e-ISBN: 978-3-642-02091-9, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9, pp. 1-27, 2010.

In addition 9 Posters were presented and 12 Talks were given.

G.A. 247447, D7 3 Final Dissemination Report_v1.0 (public) page 29 of 30

5.2 Overview Dissemination Report Year 2 (D.7.2)

Dissemination activities in the second reporting period (reported in D7.2 by December 2011) a large number of overview and specialised researched-based presentations and publications.

Journal Paper:

Ortner R, Aloise F, Prueckl R, Schettini F, Putz V, Scharinger J, Opisso E, Costa U, and Guger C. Accuracy of a P300 Speller for People with Motor Impairments: A Comparison. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2011 Oct;42(4):214-8

Jin J, Allison B Z, Sellers E W, Brunner C, Horki P, Wang X, and Neuper C. An adaptive P300 based control system. J Neural Eng. 2011 Jun;8(3):036006.

Proceeding / Conference paper:

Allison B Z, Brunner C, Altstätter C, Wagner I, Grissmann S, and Neuper C. Predicting performance in a hybrid SSVEP/ERD BCI for continuous simultaneous cursor control. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 124-127, 2011.

Balderas D, Zander T, Bachl F, Faller J, Neuper C, and Scherer R. Restricted Boltzmann Machines as useful tool for detecting oscillatory EEG components. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 68-71, 2011.

Chung M, Bryan M, Cheung W, Scherer R, and Rao R P N. Interactive Hierarchical Brain-Computer Interfacing: Uncertainty-Based Interaction between Humans and Robots. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 16-19, 2011.

Chung M, Cheung W, Scherer R, and Rao R P N. A Hierarchical Architecture for Adaptive Brain-Computer Interfacing. Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1647-1652, 2011.

Chung M, Cheung W, Scherer R, and Rao R P.N. Towards Hierarchical BCIs for Robotic Control. 5th International IEEE/EMBS conference on Neural Engineering (NER), pp. 330-333, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/NER.2011.5910554.

Inderbitzin M, Väljamäe A, Calvo J M B, Verschure P F M J, and Bernardet U. Expression of Emotional States during Locomotion based on Canonical Parameters. IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition and Workshops (FG 2011), pp 809-814, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/FG.2011.5771353.

Jin J, Allison B Z, Wang X, and Neuper C. A hybrid brain-computer interface based on P300 and M-VEP. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 224-227, 2011.

Navarro A A, Ceccaroni L, Velickovski F, Torrellas S, Miralles F, Allison B Z, Scherer R, and Faller J. Context-Awareness as an Enhancement of Brain-Computer Interfaces. Proceeding of the 3rd International Workshop on Ambient Assisted Living (IWAAL 2011), pp. 1-8, 2011.

Ortner R, Prückl R, Putz V, Scharinger J, Bruckner M, Schnürer A, and Guger C. Accuracy of a P300 Speller for different conditions: A comparison. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 196-199, 2011.

Putz V, Guger C, Holzner C, Torrellas S, and Miralles F. A Unified XML based Description of the Contents of Brain Computer Interfaces. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 328-331, 2011.

Scherer R, Friedrich E CV, Allison B, Pröll M, Chung M, Cheung W, Rao R P N, and Neuper C. Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces: Enhanced gaming and robotic control. Proceeding of the International Work Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (IWANN 2011), 2011.

Zander T O, Klippel D M, and Scherer R. Introducing the Detection of Auditory Error Responses Based on BCI Technology for Passive Interaction. Proceeding of the 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2011, pp. 252-255, 2011.

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Book / Book chapter:

Guger C, G. Bin, X. Gao, J. Guo, B. Hong, T. Liu, S. Gao, C. Guan, K. Keng Ang, K. Soon Phua, C. Wang, Z. Yang Chin, H. Zhang, R. Lin, K. Sui Geok Chua, C. Kuah, B. Ti Ang, H. George, A. Kübler, S. Halder, A. Hösle, J. Münßinger, M. Palatucci, D. Pomerleau, G. Hinton, T. Mitchell, D. B. Ryan, E. W. Sellers, G. Townsend, S. M. Chase, A. S. Whitford, A.B. Schwartz, K. Kawashima, K. Shindo, J. Ushiba, M. Liu, G. Schalk. State-of-the-Art in BCI Research: BCI Award 2010. in “Recent Advances in Brain-Computer Interface Systems”, Fazel R (Ed.), InTech, ISBN: 978-953-307-175-6, pp. 193-222, 2011.

Guger C, Edlinger G. The First Commercial Brain–Computer Interface Environment. in “Brain-Computer Interfaces”, Graimann B, Allison B Z, and Pfurtscheller G (Eds), Springer, Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York, e-ISBN: 978-3-642-02091-9, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9, pp. 281-305, 2011.

Guger C, Edlinger G, Krausz G. Hardware/Software Components and Applications of BCIs. in “Recent Advances in Brain-Computer Interface Systems”, Fazel R (Ed.), InTech, ISBN: 978-953-307-175-6, pp. 1-24, 2011.

Pfurtscheller G, Leeb R, Faller J, and Neuper C. Brain-Computer Interface Systems Used for Virtual Reality Control. in “Virtual Reality”, Kim J J (Ed), InTech, ISBN 978-953-307-518-1, pp. 3-20, 2011.

In addition 7 Posters were presented and 4 Talks were given.