D3.6 Discussion Report Africa final · D3.6 Africa: Revision h Rev. D 1.0 6 1.1. 0 1.2 1 1.3. 0...

D3.6 Africa

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D3.6 Africa: Revision h

Rev. D

1.0 6

1.1. 0

1.2 1

1.3. 0

1.4. 0

1.5 0

: Discussion

This project haThe content of contains.

history

Date

6/11/2016

07/11/2016

15/03/17

06/04/2017

07/04/2017

07/05/2017

report

s received funding frthis document reflec

Autho

Thoma

Jonas

Thoma

Thoma

Thoma

Kirsi H

rom the European Uncts the authors’ view a

or

as Mandru

s Pilgaard,

as Mandru

as Mandru

as Mandru

Hyttinen, LA

Public

nion’s Horizon 2020 and the European C

p, RDDC

RDDC

p, RDDC

p, RDDC

p, RDDC

AU

research and innovaommission is not res

Notes

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ate created

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No 653371 of the information it

CEU

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D3.6 Africa

Contents

EXECUTIV

1 INTRO

2 ROUN

3 PUBLI

4 CONC

a: Discussio

VE SUMMA

ODUCTION

NDTABLE O

C SEMINA

CLUSIONS .

on report

ARY ...........

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ON THE FO

AR AT KORN

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UR AFRICA

NLOFTET,

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Public

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AN CASE S

KASTELLE

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STUDIES 31

ET ..............

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S

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1st October

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CSA projeStart date:

Duration:

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IECEUect: 65337101/05/2015 33 months

3

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...... 7

.... 18

.... 26

U

5 s

3

D3.6 Africa:

One round

project. Th

DRC. This

discussion

Effectivene

organised

participant

studies as

effectivene

drawing bo

but also hig

Libya is p

mission. S

mission is

CAR the E

humanitari

mission th

However, t

be address

case of th

interventio

was limited

not preven

that it was

of the EU,

to primarily

that year. A

mandate. H

operations

given by t

operations

members t

and the EU

central ele

: Discussion


EXECUTI

dtable even

he events f

s report pro

during th

ess of Inte

by the Roya

s included

s well as p

ess of inter

oth a rather

ghlighting th

plagued by

South Sudan

without dou

EU-force ma

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hat was rep

the EU-forc

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e DRC fou

n into the to

d in size an

nt the flaring

the first ES

that some m

y Kinshasa

Again the E

However, th

s, especially

the membe

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to commit a

USEC miss

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report


IVE SUMM

ts were org

focused on

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ernational A

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experts on

practitioners

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placed by a

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own of Bun

nd time, and

g up of the

SDP mission

member-sta

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EU-force de

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MARY

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mation on t

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Assistance

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the Africa

s of crisis

ssistance to

c picture of

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al strife to

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a UN force,

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ployment w

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forces. Th

ocused on

greement.

Public


the framewo

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in general

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critical secu

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to achieve

ter it had le

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he UN forc

was limited i

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eats in oper

military ope

ter CAR de

he two othe

help implem

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ork of Work

e studies on

able event,

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Ownership

October-1.

, sub-matte

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African ca

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conflict ma

extent, that

the technic

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force mana

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ndsetter for

he EU agai

e MONUC

n size and

mber of less

ration, logis

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eployment,

r EU missio

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gh the EU


k Package

n Libya, CA

and presen

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p in the fo

November

er experts,

al of 18 sp

ases from d

in the four

anager in th

t EU had t

cal impact o

ng term imp

on which all

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ged to larg

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the future m

n deployed

in securing

time, and m

ons learned

tics, but als

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where it w

ons in the

e SSR prog

was involv

CSA proStart date

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as part of

AR, South

nts the mai

bsequent s

our case s

r 2016. The

on peace a

peakers ex

different pe

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to withdraw

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was a robu

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allenges tha

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conflict. Th

er, the depl

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more indep

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managed to

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DRC was t

gram that co

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the IECEU

Sudan and

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seminar on

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roundtable

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xplored the

erspectives,

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D3.6 Africa: initiated a

long term

and ambit

EUSEC m

considerat

Brussels a

securing b

: Discussion


whole rang

objectives.

ions, and t

missions wa

ion. Furthe

and then w

etter comm

report


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The study

then the bu

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Public


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the DRC,

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not taking t

onnect betw

and there

evels.

CSA proStart date

Duration


hieve there

een project

and. The E

the DRC c

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medium to

formulation

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D3.6 Africa:

1

One round

Package 3

CAR, Sout

main point

The round

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attended b

specialist,

participant

major them

discussant

civilian cris

it was attem

presentatio

On 1st No

Defence C

manageme

during the

people from

The purpo

research re

the four ca

useful for

report in an

and inform

: Discussion


INTRODU

dtable even

3 of the IEC

th Sudan an

s and findin

dtable discu

place at th

by thirteen p

as well as

s can be fo

mes of from

t. Through

sis manage

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ovember 20

College, in p

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roundtable

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ose of the

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ases studies

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CEU projec

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brary at Ka

African sub

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CSA proStart date

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he framewo

case studies

ents, and p

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tober 2016,

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flict studies

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ndings and

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D3.6 Africa:

2

Aim of disc

Participant

Dr. Annem

Dr. Thoma

Dr. Judith V

Dr. Arnold

Lasse Kris

Elisa Norva

Agnes Fou

Dr. Jyrki R

Maruan El-

Welcome a

Prof. PeenEU conflictcompare aidentified, of interest October 20research presearch. Iremember however, aproject nee

Congo cas

Prof. Mandthe projectcase studypresentatiosince 2003difficult to ito identify wundertakenlonger avascope and the project

: Discussion


ROUNDT

2016

cussion: To

ts:

marie Peen R

as Mandrup

Verweijen,

Kammel, A

stensen, form

anto, FINCE

ures, HoM,

Ryohomäki,

-Krekshi, C

and introduc

n Rodt startet prevention

at EU operain order to ifrom the EU

016 the projpackage is dIt is a this stthat despite

also importaeds to ident

se: Prof. Tho

drup startedt, and what y, which, at on was cons3 – in five midentify the what the EUn. The diffic

ailable, and mandate, wts. The EU p

report


ABLE ON

identify com

Rodt, RDDC

, RDDC/SU

Ghent Univ

AIES

mer HoM E

ENT

Project Zing

CMC Finlan

risis Manag

ction to the

ed by introdn and capactions in diffemprove futu

U in Brusseject was nedone. Curretage importe the fact thant to rememtify concrete

omas Mand

d with a dische was prea later stagsequently o

major engagimpact of th

U has doneculty in this that the fivewhich constprojects we


N THE FOU

mmon findin

C

U

versity, Belg

UAVSEC S

go, CAR

nd

gement Initia

IECEU pro

ducing the IEcity buildingerent regionure operatio

el, which shoearly half-waently compatant point ouhe it is an Ember, that te proposals

drup

claimer and esenting at tge, would beonly the prelements, buhese specifin the DRC

is that it bote programs titute direct

ere initiated

Public


UR AFRIC

ngs from ca

gium

South Sudan

ative

oject and co

ECEU Horizg. The basicns and highons. Fortunows that theay in 3-yeararative workut and highl

EU-funded pthere is a ne for the futu

pointed outhis stage we separatedliminary find

ut not operatfic EU initiatC, what kindth back in tivery differechallengesto help imp


CAN CASE

ase studies

n

ontext: Prof.

zon 2020 pc idea behinhlight the lesately enougere is an intr project perk is being unlight weakn

project, thereed to be pure.

ut that he hawas a combid and constidings. The Eting alone. Ttives. The fod of projectsime, which ent in natures in creatingplement a pe


E STUDIES

in order to

Annemarie

roject, and d the projec

ssons learnegh the projeterest in theriod and thendertaken, besses in thee is full acaolicy releva

ad only receination of thitute to sepaEU had beeThis by natuocus of the s and programeans that e, time, reso an overvieeace-agree

CSA proStart date

Duration


S 31ST OC

make comp

e Peen Rod

its academct was to loed and less

ect have rece project. Bye main part but still roome work, and

ademic freedant, because

ently been ahe DRC revarate studieen present iure made itDRC studyams that hat the involveources avai

ew, but alsoement that E



CTOBER

parisons

dt

ic focus on ok and

sons ceived a lot y end of

m for d dom. It is e the

added to iew and

es. The in the DRC t more y was firstly as been ed are no ilable, comparing

EU had

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa: been involvEU had to and had toof armed inthreat to thproject, whbest practibig challento sustain tmaintainedattracting sArtemis, wenablers frEUFOR whthe 2006 eEU-membebetween 2EUSEC. Athe implemoperation, humanitaridifficult to a

Initial findin

No solu

EU Les

FAdiffsuc

EUpoleleforc

15-stra

Ge Lim

cooEUdonbeccer

EU Ma

donLoc

Strapaycenpho

: Discussion


ved in draftnavigate w

o embark onnsurgents whe local pophilst the conce SSR, sin

nges operatthe infrastrud. A direct cstudents du

which was larom non-EUhich was a

elections, aner states, a005-2015 la

All these initimentation of

since it tooan situationassess the

ng/ lessons

exit strategution, but thFOR: Deplossons learnRDC/PR foficult for EU ccessful, limPOL – fromice present ctions. No lces. -year strategategy. neral findin

mited impactordination. C and coopenors undermcause fundirtain areas. SEC – mucin goal wasnors. EU ancal parties wategy changys. Problemntre in Kinchones to com

report


ing. It was aithin a politi

n a complicawere and stipulation. In enflict was stince there wing in the Ducture and pconsequence to loss of

aunched in 2U members military opend was undend then Turaunched boiative was af the peace-k place bac

n. The operalonger term

learned

gy, limited dhat was not oyed to seced: Largestrces fortifieforces to o

mited violencm IPU to PN

at beginninong term po

gy to estab

gs: t, different tCorruption seration betwmines the png will disa

ch more pros to secure end UN problwhere not trge. Focus o

m with salarihasa are no

mmunicate,


a tremendoical contextated nation-ill are activeessence thell ongoing.

were immediDRC is the sprovide logi

ce of this waf income an2003. It wassuch as So

eration depler joint Frenrkey. As paroth two EUPa part of an -agreementck in 2003, bation was li

m impact of t

deployment the aim. Go

cure 2006 et part of forcd airport maperate. Natce, local res

NC. 2004 Kinng. First tasolice trainin

lish a profes

types of polstill a proble

ween internarocess. Lacppear. Judi

oblematic thelections. Tems of coorustworthy aon logistics es being pa

ot working, owhile many

Public


ous task duet, where the-building pre in DRC, ee EU was inThat posediate securitysize of the cistics. For inas the policed distance s Frence-leouth Africa aoyed in supnch and Gert of the pea

POL missionEU promise

t. It is difficubut it manamited in arethe operatio

time and roood logisticlections. ce in Gabonaking it diffitional caveasistance. nchasa. Ob

sk was to mng. Internati

ssional sec

ice leading em. Police national donock of sustainicial reform

han EUPOLTraining of sordination. Eand did not and HR ele

aid out to deonly one rey places the


e to complee internationoject. This hspecially in

nvolved in ad a significay concerns country and nstance raile training ceto centres.d dominateand Canadapport of the erman lead, ace agreemn and then te to the Conult to investiged to stabea of operaton.

obust mandcs due to pro

n. Vulnerabcult to use. ats made op

bjective chaake police fonal funding

curity force.

to infightingnot serving ors have wonability plandifficult also

. security forcEU impact o

want to cooements. Impead soldiersmains oper

ere is no net


x nature of nal communhad to be dthe East, c

a post-conflint challengethat neededthe lack of s and roadsentres havinThe first EUd EU-operaa. In 2006 thUN force inand had pa

ment the EUthe military ngolese govgate the imilise an thretion and in l

ate (Bunia)oximity of E

le due to re No clear m

ps. difficult.

nged over tforce capabg went prim

Problem of

g and compthe interest

orked well, bn. Locals doo, magistrat

ces not cooron local actooperate. portant that s. Computeational. Poltwork cover

CSA proStart date

Duration


the DRC conity had takeone whilst t

constituting ict state-buie in implemd attention.infrastructu

s are not beng difficultieU operationation, whichhe EU depln the DRC tarticipation

U in the periotraining mis

vernment tompact of the eatening selength, and

). No long teEntebbe airp

esponse timmandate ma

Elections r

time, virtualble of handlmarily to sec

f implement

petition, lackts of the pobut infightino not want retes do not d

rdinated beors did not w

soldiers goers set up inlice instead r. No comm



onflict. The en sides, the numbera constant ilding

menting One of the

ure. Difficulteing es of was

h got critical oyed to secure from most od ssion o support Artemis curity and it is

erm port.

e. ade it elatively

ly no ing

curity

ting the

k of pulation. g between eform, dare enter

tween work well.

ot their operationsusing cell-

mon

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D3.6 Africa:

docact

Imp HR

dowarediff

Coobud

Discussion

Dr. Judith V

Go2nd peractdiff

Wif Go

are Ma

join Foc Bila

arm Ma

ear Sym Foc

doi Com

propro

Fra Hea

with

Thomas M

No equ

Judmig

ProEU

South Sud

: Discussion


ctrine or traors. portant to id

R focus startwn, the Cone yet to be sferent countordination: dgets-cycles

n

Verweijen:

od idea to fEUPOL. In

rceptions ofor as they s

ferent actorsfe of commaod idea to f

e well arrangny soldiers

ning rebels cus on infraateral focusmy. rgin of fraudrlier. mbolic valuecus on armyng police wmmon doct

oblem. Mighoblem in joinagmentationad of EUSEh different le

Mandrup:

common duipment madith: Systemght be in offoblem with m say no.

an case: D

report


ining manua

dentify whatted 2012. Fngolese werseen. Still notries. Lack of truss, normative

focus on 2nd

nteresting tof Congolesesupported (s. ander of armfocus on boged, but it isthat are trainstead.

astructure dos on infantry

d has been

e should alsy rather tha

work and dorine: Differe

ht not mattent operationn on donor aEC often trieeaders taki

octrine makakes it difficum not gearedfice. many actors

r. Arnold Ka


al, because

t the EU areocus on estre supposedo military do

st and comme values etc

d EUPOL. To look at bilae actors. Foname?). Pe

my base: Fath negatives not implemained are no

oes not proy training, w

reduced. M

so be includn police: Diminating arent donors wr that much

ns between and patronaes to make ng different

kes it difficuult to repair d for long te

s makes it p

ammel

Public


e the military

e doing andtablishing ad to take ovoctrine of th

mon interesc..

To get a moateral defenor a lot of Coerceptions o

amilies folloe and positivmented dueot being app

oduce resultwhile EUSEC

More accura

ded in reporifficult to doreas. with differen

h, as the uniunits.

age. a personal t paths.

ult to shape r and maintaerm plannin

possible for


y forces are

what the Ua military edver funding he defence f

st a key cha

re coherentnce programongolese, thof Congoles

ow soldiers ve sides of me to lack of fpointed to jo

ts. C aimed at

ate estimatio

rt. o police wor

nt doctrine dits still have

imprint. Ma

the future oain. ng. Problem

r Congolese


e being train

UN are doingucation. Aftthemselvesforces. Troo

llenge. Diffe

t paper andms. Also intehe EU was se army sold

on deploymmissions. Ofunding. obs. Conseq

reforming th

ons of the s

k when it is

does not nee cohesion.

akes it difficu

of the militar

of econom

e to approac

CSA proStart date

Duration


ned by diffe

g. ter EUSEC s. The effecops still trai

erent intere

d conclusioneresting to lnot seen asdiers on the

ment to fronOn paper ma

quence: Ma

he administ

size of the fo

s the military

ecessarily reIt could how

ult to remai

ry. Too muc

mic junctures

ch other act



rent

closed cts of this ned by

ests,

ns focus on ook at s a neutral ese

t lines. any things

any are

tration of

orces than

y that are

epresent a wever be a

n on track

ch different

s and who

tors when

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

Backgroun

The indepefrom two loagreementThe since influence inwas linkedsigned in Awas expecMore than

Preliminary

Su

: Discussion


nd:

endence of ong civil wat was reachthe indepenn South Sud to ethnic te

August 2015cted to retur

1 mio. IDP’

y findings:

Planning c Mis Mis

co Se Me

20 SO

an SIA

Operation Fir On Pro Bu

Competen Pro Th La En

Comprehe EU We Cru

evapro

Interopera Co

on Go Dif Re

uccesses First CSD Training Good co Due to li

report


South Sudars and conf

hed in 2005,ndence in 2dan. The ouensions and5. JMEC unrn to Juba in’s. currently

capacity: ssion followssion basednstructed

ecurity situaember state11 disappe

OR differed d how BrusAC requiremal capacity:

rst aviation snly seven moblems of fi

udgetary connces: oblem of reus change ck of region

ntry training ensiveness UAVSEC laceekly meetiucial momeacuation plaocedures mability ooperation b

the groundood relationfferent apprelatively goo

DP missionof personn

ooperation wmited mand


an caused flict between, which inclu011 bilaterautbreak of cd personal mnder the lean April 2016y. Tensions

wed standard on wrong

tion differenes lost intereared as situfrom view o

ssels assessments did n: security mis

member stateinding suitanstrains due

cruiting skilfrom secon

nal expertiseshould hav

cked visibilitngs betwee

ent: Evacuatans foresee

might have h

between EUd. s with emba

roaches betod cooperat

in aviation el under dif

with other acdate no harm

Public


it to becomn Muslim anuded agreeal relations civil war 201matters betwdership of F

6, but fled care continu

rd CSDP ruassumption

nt than repoest in missiouation did nof Brussels sed situatioot fit South

ssion deploes seconde

able personne to strict ru

led people ndment to coe.

ve dealt mor

ty en EUDel antion of EUA

en and no chelped the m

UAVSEC an

assies and tween HQ’stion with loc

security fficult conditctors m


e a landlocknd Christian

ements on hwere priorit

13 betweenween the twFestus Mogountry in Ju

uing, Masha

les for missn that secon

orted by Tecon. Euphoriot improve.institutions.

on. Sudan purp

yed by EUed personnenel for aviatules. Howev

in aviation sontracts to g

re specifica

nd EUAVSEACSEC aftechain of commission.

nd other inte

NGO’s s, especiallycal authoritie

tions


ked countryn populationhow to sharetised, whichPresident a

wo. A peacegae. Vice-Pruly 2016 aftear still claim

sions nd airport te

chnical Assa for new S . Gap betwe

poses.

el, no third stion securityver FPI prov

security get right nu

lly to situati

EC r deteriorati

mmand prop

ernational o

y EU and UNes.

CSA proStart date

Duration


y. It had to rns. The peae the oil-revh reduced Eand Vice-Pe agreemenresident (VPer massive s to be VP.

erminal cou

istance MisSouth Sudan

een mission

states engay ved very fle

umbers

ion

ion on the gperly decide

organisation

N.



recover ace-venues. EU resident

nt was P) Machar clashes.

ld be

ssion n state in

n in field

aged

xible.

ground. No ed. Better

ns perfect

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

Sh

Discussion

Lasse Chr

Expectaconditio

Time onmission

Difficult institutioThese pconduct

Not suremore un

Lack of Two are Evacua Lack of Importa

from the Problem

they ho

Arnold Kam

Agrees up miss

Difficult study w

Difficult was term

Further

Peter Horne

Jubafor U

Central Afr

The findingministries,

: Discussion


Partial fuhortfalls Mission Difficultie No impa Situation No susta

n

istensen:

ations oftenons. n ground 14n was deploy

to train wheons where nproblems wt from missie if missionnderprovidestrategic pl

eas of frictiotion plans mchain of co

ant to learn fe lessons lem that it is dld no secret

mmel:

that time spsion.

to get in towas EU fund

to get info minated twoproblems o

e/RDDC-RU

a (internatioUN, so not o

rican Repub

gs based onNGO’s etc,

report


ulfilment of m

based on wes in deployct on overa

n changed cainable impa

too high fro

4 months. Lyed. Thingsen traineesnot suited fohere not forion staff. was overp

ed than ovelanning. on: made in Bruommand intefrom the lesearned repodifficult to obt informatio

pan betwee

uch with theded. Could babout the oo years agoof a change

UC:

onal) airportonly EU.

blic case: E

n two separ, and 34 inte


mandate

wrong assumying suitableall security incausing misact

om politicia

ack of follows change du are illiterator their posireseen from

rovided withrprovided.

ussels withoernally in Essons, bad oorts. btain classifn.

en TAM and

e right peopbe becauseoverall compo. in people g

t relatively w

lisa Norvan

rate studieserviews for

Public


mptions e personnen South Sudssion to be e

ns, not taki

w up from tiuring 6 monte and non-eitions. Civil

m home. Ca

h support st

out consultinU mission. or good. Pr

fied docume

d deploymen

ple. Not pose the EU delprehensive

going in and

well working

nto

, and on 23second stu


l dan evacuated

ng account

ime TAM mnths. english speadministratused a bit o

taff. Necess

ng the miss

roblem inter

ents that rea

nt was too l

ssible via thlegation waapproach.

d out.

g today. Sti

3 qualitativeudy.


on the actu

made their as

eaking. Majotion staff waof indisciplin

sary with sta

ion.

rnally in EU

ally should

ong. Should

e EU channas not well-cEU respons

ll no sustain

interviews

CSA proStart date

Duration


ual situation

ssessment

ority of headas not expenary/unortho

aff, and mis

that they d

not be class

d have bee

nels, even tconnected. se was that

nable evacu

with people



n and

until

ds of rienced. odox

ssion was

o not learn

sified as

n a follow

though the

project

uation plan

e from

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

Backgro

CAR becamhistory of vforces couinfrastructubetween CChapter VIconflict froneeded thethe operatiended on 9The aim ofBangui airp

Findings:

Political – S

Inte

Inte

Ext

Ext

Capability

S

Capability

So

T C

: Discussion


ound on CA

me indepenviolent militald not proteure resulted

Christians anII interventiom spreadine EU Councion, so the E945. 18 EU f the deployport.

Strategic le

ernal Succe EU pro Contrib CAR di Operat Military

ernal Failure EU res Deploy

ternal succe Military EU effo EUFOR

ternal failure Limited Securit Misbeh

reputatassaultsituatio

Judith Vnumbe

1: Planning

Success: F

2: Operatio

Success: Moperations.The structuChallengesit.

report


AR-conflict:

ndence in 1ary takeoveect the popud in many IDnd Muslimson. And ledg, and to stcil decided oEU Battle Gmembers c

yment: To co

evel

esses oved to be abuted to preid not becomion part of t

y operationaes ponse failu

yment delayesses y interventioort helped reR RCA broues d mandate ity deteriorathaviour fromtion of EU trted a girl(s?

ons. Verweijen cr of mechan

g

rance as a

onal capacit

Multinational re of the op

s: Inflexible f


960 and is rs. A coup i

ulation. The DPs. The vio. French ini to the depl

top unfoldinon (2014/73

Group was ncontributed ontribute to

a global seceventing theme a terrorithe EU comal goals wer

re due to deyed up to 6 m

on was the reduce tensiught added

n terms of tted once EU

m EUFOR Rroops. A gro?). Also men

comment: Dnisms.

framework

y

lity and neu

peration wasfunding me

Public


one of the win 2013 spaviolence th

olence wasitiative to stloyment of O

ng humanita3/CFSP). Hnot deployeas well as n

o provision o

curity actor, e conflict ist haven

mprehensivere met

elay months, wh

right decisioions and imvalue to oth

time, area oU left.

RCA toward oup of girls ntioned that

Difficult to es

nation.

utrality were

s suitable fochanism, fr


worlds leastarked a civilhat followed based oneabilize situaOperation S

arian crisis. owever, thed. Initial planon-EU couof safe and

achieving t

e approach

hen situation

on mprove secuher foreign t

of operation

population reported th

t EU forces

stablish sco

e advantage

or the operaragmented p


t developed war the inecombined w ethnic and

ation. UNSCSangaris anAs further ce Ukraine cran called foruntries Geosecure env

heir politica

n required a

urity troops in th

s and resou

had a negaat UN troophad particip

ope of incide

es to other in

ational envirpre-deploym

CSA proStart date

Duration


d countries.effective sewith poor

d religious liCR (2127), nd MISCA tocontributionrisis overshr 1100 troop

orgia and Movironment a

al goal

a rapid depl

e area

urces.

ative effect ps had sexupated in sim

ents, becau

nternationa

ronment ment trainin



It has a curity

nes authorized o stop the s where

hadowed ps, but ontenegro. round

oyment.

on the ually milar

use of a

l

g or lack of

U

5 s

f

D3.6 Africa: Capability

Suc Go Lim

Capability

Suctha

Chares

Capability

Capability

Lim

Operation currently, bresented b

Discussion

Agnes Fou

Inc Lan

mis Coo Not

be

Judith Verwthat conclu

Themes:

Freintecou

InteFre

Libyan cas

The EU-prMission Libfall of the rrise of radi

: Discussion


3: Interope

ccess: Goood task divi

mited resour

4: Compete

ccess: Stroan other forcallenges: In

servists dep

5: Compreh

6: Technolo

mited infrast

ended in 20but there arby the popul

n:

ures:

orporation onguage issusunderstandoperation bt sure if misimproved. U

weijen: A suusion.

ench role in erests. So wuntries role elligence facench speaki

se: Dr. Jyrki

rogram invebya (EUBAMregime of Mcal Islamic

report


rability

d local netwision betwerces pooled

ences

ng respect ces. nexperienceloyed.

hensivenes

ogy

ructure

015. CAR cre accusatiolation.

of local poliues. Meetindings.

between intession wouldUN not at fu

uccess bec

the intervewhy is it thatin that, andctor. What ang troops to

Ryohomäk

estigated in M Libya). T

M. Ghaddafi,movements


works en UN, Fra for larger im

towards pro

ed officers d

s

carried out eons that they

ce and secugs had to b

ernational ohave been

ull capacity.

ause it was

ntion was vt the EU is i

d in the confare the EU o French sp

ki

the Libyan he mission , that resultes. For the E

Public


nce and EUmpacts

oportionality

deployed to

elections fory are comm

urity forces be held in bo

organisationn more succ

No agreem

s so short, o

vital. Franceinterveningflict in geneforces depl

peaking cou

case was thcame on thed in Libya

EU the estab


U.

y principle.

a challengi

r the first timmitting murd

would haveoth French

ns needs imcessful if lonment in plac

or despite it

e did not inte, and what ral? oying into?

untries.

he Europeahe backdropdeterioratin

blishment o


EU describe

ng environm

me. 12,000 ers and crim

e been usefand English

provement.nger. But trace to share i

was so sho

ervene becais France a

Not optima

an Union Bop of the Libyng into furthf an Integra

CSA proStart date

Duration


ed as less a

ment. Main

UN troops mes and the

ful. h to avoid

. ansition to Uintel.

ort? Difficult

ause of econd the neig

al to deploy

order Assistyan civil waher civil strifeated Border



aggressive

ly

in place ey are

UN should

t to make

onomic ghbouring

non-

tance r and the e and the r

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa: Managemeauthorities Middle Easwas suppo2013 and wMalta and On the surdevelop, amission proplanning a

Reasons fo

Libya, an a

ThrGa

No

The interve

Inte Ala

cas Hou Fra

Aftermath

Pas Ran

late Har

Internal as

Libycou

By inte

ShoStru

Internation

Col

: Discussion


ent system to control ist and Sub-osed to havewas eventuLibya due t

rface of thinnd not mucovides somnd develop

or failure

Inability to Politico-strEU responIntelligenceThe reality

accidental s

ree provinceddafi 1969-interest in

ention

ernational nan J. Kupermsualties sevuse of Com

ance led, the

ssivity from nd Corp. 13e 2011. Optrsh resentm

spects

ya a rentieruntry. 2013 sever

erests. ocks followeuctural regi

nal framewo

llapse realis

report


(IBM) was ats borders,

-Saharan Afe a capacityally evacuato security cgs the EUB

ch evidenceme important

ing such m

grasp comrategic: Toonsibility, but e. Problem

y was again

state

es until 196-2011. unitary state

narrative argman: Intervevenfold mmons repo

e internatio

the interna3,000 troopstimistic estim

ment toward

r state unde

ral groups w

ed: Collapsonalism, ina

ork

sed by inter


at the strateand therebfrica, wherey building d

ated in July concerns, thBAM missio

of capacityt insights prissions.

plex natureo high ambit

road forcedwith missiost the missi

63. Little com

e – the EU

gued that Gention multi

rt on Libya.nal commun

ational comms might havmate. ds foreign tro

er Gaddafi.

were fighting

e of immedability to dis

rnational co

Public


egic level any protect EU

e Libya funcimension fo2014. Howe

hat made a n was a comy building carovided by t

e of “state” intions of the d upon EU. on planning ion

mmon histo

failed to rea

Gaddafi was iplied the du

Must readnity followe

munity, exave been eno

oops on the

Removing h

g for power

iate politicastribute…

ommunity. T


n attempt toU from the t

ctioned as aocusing on tever, a lot opermanent

mplete failuan be foundthe failures,

n Libya. EU, too littl before dep

ory. Colonia

alise that.

a threat to uration of th

. d.

cerbated though, if the

e ground.

him took aw

r and resour

al arrangem

Tried to enga


o enable thethreat of ma

a stepping straining. It wof staff had

presence ire. The IBM

d. Neverthel, especially

e action wh

loyment.

l rule until m

the Arab Sphe conflict s

he situation.reconstruct

way the stab

rces. No na

ents after th

age state-b

CSA proStart date

Duration


e weak Libyass migratiostone. The was launcheto rotate ben Libya imp

M concept dless the EUon how the

hen required

monarchy 1

pring sixfold and i

. tion had tak

bilising elem

ational elites

he revolutio

building mea



yan on from the mission ed May etween possible. did not UBAM e EU is

d. Not only

951-1969,

ts

ken place

ment of the

s, only local

on 2.

asures.

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

Friecon

EUBAM Li

Nee Pro No Wh

ass

Mandate:

Sup

Effective re

IBM Wh

wor Tra Wh

Why failure

Theto t

Hea Too

Lessons to

Inteant

MaTim

By was

How

Discussion

Maruan El-

Val Not Sid

com Trib

con How

mu

: Discussion


ends of Libyntrol.

bya:

eds assessoblems alrea

SOMA. hen the invitsessment.

pport Libya

esults:

M concept nhen asked ifrk wasted, a

aining and mhen the miss

e?

e undividedtalk to. avily suppoo little, too l

o learn

elligence. Cticipated by ndate overl

me wasted ttime of the s beyond thw can we fi

n

-Krekshi

lid conclusiot an issue o

de lining keymplicated thbal matters nfusion wasw to make anicipalities

report


ya coordina

sment done ady in plann

tation finally

n authoritie

not bought af they wanteas they had

mentoring wsion was ev

sovereignt

orted state-bate? Better

Current, but looking at h

ly optimistico develop gevacuation

he political ct the ambiti

ons. Some of identity cry officials anhings. not so impo

s a matter ina mission wand commu


ated the effo

in 2012 ning, no sov

y came, mis

s

and effectiveed the IBM d not been awas somewhvacuated, th

ty, that was

building andto do some

also backgrhistory bookc and shouldgrand concen of EUBAMcapabilities ons of the m

nuances thrisis of the Lnd placing o

ortant. Libyan the 1950’swork: Identifyunities in bo

Public


ort. EU role

vereign in L

ssion was la

e concept, thasked beforhat successhe focus wa

necessary

d consolidatething than

round. Probks. d have beeepts.

M Libya, secof the EU.

member sta

hat need to bLibyans, moown people

a more imps but not anfy the peoplorder areas


to help atte

Libya, difficu

aunched fas

e Libyans sre. sful. as on the op

for a strate

tion needednothing?

blems in Lib

n downscal

curing a civi

ates to the p

be addressore of politic

lacking ski

portant than nymore. e to work wto secure b


end the urge

ulty in obtain

st based on

said no. This

perational.

gic mission

d

bya could ha

ed to impro

lian crisis m

political real

ed. cal isolationlls in the ad

tribe. The c

with. Buildingborders.

CSA proStart date

Duration


ent priority o

ning inform

an outdate

s meant mo

n did not exi

ave been be

ove effective

managemen

lity?

. dministration

case of iden

g relations w



of border

ation

ed needs

onths of

ist. No one

etter

eness.

nt operation

n

ntity

with

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa: General di

Thomas MEU driven

How Diff All

Judith Verw

Howpla

Thithe

Agnes Fou

No

Annemarie

Diff

Lasse Kris

Whbe

Common t

Arnold Kam

Pla Inte

equ Stra

lon Les

suc

Thomas M

Cha Dec

to lCon

Lanme

Judith Verw

How

: Discussion


scussion

Mandrup: Improjects?

w are theseferent appromember sta

weijen:

w did thesen? When dos dimensio

ey have inve

ures:

strategy fo

e Peen Rod

ferent types

stensen:

hy are missirealistic.

hemes in th

mmel:

anning. Oveelligence. Puipment. rategy. Whag term impassons learnccesses.

Mandrup:

ange of percreasing inteave nationngo). nguage and

ember states

weijen:

w come the

report


pact of milit

e aligned? oaches. Hoates have a

e missions coes the EU n should be

ested mone

r CAR in sp

t:

s of strategi

ons always

he case stud

erambitious Proper traini

at is the oveact when ened. Have w

rsonnel eveterest of menal interests

d capabilities to deploy

e EU is not a


tary operati

w adjustablan interest, s

come aboutdecide to c

e included. Iy? What is

pite of mone

c goals. No

s decided to

dies

planning. Dng. Is the e

rall approacngaging?

we learned a

ry 6-12 monember states in the han

s. Having ththe right ca

able to mob

Public


ons on EU

le are we if so it is diffic

t? The influeconduct theIs the EU mthe wider fr

ey going the

ot just geogr

owards exce

Decreasing ducation go

ch of the EU

at all? Impo

nths makeses. Could alds of the E

he right peoapabilities.

bilize knowle


normative p

things do ncult to priori

ence of Frase missions

more likely toramework o

ere.

raphic or ge

ellence? No

interest of mood enough

U? What is

rtant to lear

s it possibleso be the oU, nations a

ople for the

edge ahead


projects. Ho

not go as wetise

nce. How ds, and wheno intervene

of relations?

eopolitical.

ot always ap

member stah? Late arriv

the overall

rn from prio

to repeat pther way aract on their

missions. W

d of a missio

CSA proStart date

Duration


ow does this

e want?

does it fit in n do they noin countries

?

ppropriate. G

ates. Realityval of prope

strategy, th

or failures as

prior mistakeround, if tooown. (Belg

Willingness

on?



s affect the

a wider ot? s where

Goals must

y gap. er

he medium-

s well as

es o important ians in the

from the

U

5 s

t

D3.6 Africa:

Ter

Lasse Kris

Impsha

Imp

Annemarie

It issen

: Discussion


rminology o

stensen:

portant to haaring. portant to sp

e Peen Rod

s less relevanse. Strengt

report


of success is

ave contact

pecify that m

t:

ant to look aths and wea


s dangerou

t to people w

mission suc

at if EU is aaknesses.

Public


s. Wider pic

who has wo

ccess is bas

at fault. No p


cture should

orked on the

sed on the w

point in poin


d be taken i

e same are

whole conte

nting fingers

CSA proStart date

Duration


into conside

ea earlier. In

ext.

s, unless it m



eration.

nformation

makes

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

3

Speakers:

Dr. Annem

Dr. Thoma

Dr. Judith V

Lasse Kris

Elisa Norva

Agnes Fou

Dr. Jyrki R

Maruan El-

Prof. Gorm

P.E. Holge

South Sud

Polsta

If dmis

Stre Pro Sou

sta Situ Set Mis Mis

Bru Ukr

expdes

Tooreswhe

Samparquicris

Go comrea

: Discussion


PUBLIC S

marie Peen R

as Mandrup

Verweijen,

stensen, form

anto, FINCE

ures, HoM,

Ruohomäki,

-Krekshi, C

m Rye Olsen

er Bernt Han

an – EU CS

litical speectes and Bruiscussions

ssion. ength and c

oblem to aimuth Sudan mndards in auation comptting an endssion did hossion managussels after raine exampert fatigue.signing a seo much focu

sults being aen relating me challengrtly to blameckly in publ

sis there in tfor second

mplicated coalistic.

report


SEMINAR

Rodt, RDDC

, RDDC/SU

Ghent Univ

mer HoM E

ENT

Project Zing

CMC Finlan

risis Manag

n, RUC

nsen, Centr

SDP Missio

ch before mussels. are not in li

capabilities m high? Notmission end

an 18-monthplicated by d-goal at goowever stopgement wasprojects haple – weak . Experts didecurity sectous on buzzwachieved reto the strateges in all EUe, as they aic and medthe public o or third besoncepts and


AT KORN

C

U

versity, Belg

UAVSEC S

go, CAR

nd

gement Initia

re for Africa

ns – Expec

ission vs. re

ne of reality

of mission t necessarild goal: To mh span. Normnumber of f

ood enoughp Juba airpos slightly un

ad begun. EU influencd not synchor. words. Politlated to theegic goal. U missions.re under pria, exemplif

or media. st solution ad standards

Public


NLOFTET

gium

South Sudan

ative

a Studies, U

ctations vs.

eality on gro

y, it could h

is dependey, but could

make Juba amal span isfactors. No instead of e

ort from goinndisciplined

ce. Tired of hronize or c

tical pressue strategic a

. How can tressure fromfied by the s

and show ps might not


, KASTEL

n

C

Reality – La

ound. Differ

ave an influ

nt on politicd be. airport live us 5 years. aviation seexcellenceng into a sod, with appro

experts frooordinate a

re to deliveaim. First 12

hat be addrm public andsituation in

political courbe the way


LLET

asse Christe

rence in per

uence on th

cal decision

up to interna

curity in plawould have called blac

oval reques

m EU and Udvice. Diffe

r results fas2 months we

ressed? Pold media. FoSouth Suda

rage. Implemforward, bu

CSA proStart date

Duration


ensen

rception fro

e success o

.

ational secu

ace at begine been betteck hole sts and repo

US. Sufferinerent ways o

st, resulting ere in reality

litical systeocus movesan. No focu

menting higut should be



m member

or failure of

urity

nning. er

orts sent to

ng from of

in few y wasted

m only s away veryus on the

ghly e more

U

5 s

f

y

D3.6 Africa:

EUmadou

Suc

EU as conf

1. B 2. E 3. S

Historical s

EU Cai Wh

Fig

Con

The

A p

: Discussion


standards king it difficuble standaccess can a

flict manage

BackgroundEU interestsSomalia, Ma

setting

involvemeiro summit 2

hat were the Idealism

Africa. To prov Bureauht against t Threat Islamic This pe Decisio

ncerns of th Somali

Somalicountry

Mali: Fsecurity

CAR: Arelucta

e implemen Somali EU Sta AU me

as well Mali: 1. EU sta AU: Re

pattern? CA French Europe EUTM Inside t EU sta

not tota

report


or best pracult to persuards also be bypa

er – Gorm R

d and the figs and policyali, CAR

nt did not b2000 and o

e EU interesm? A wish t

ve EU as anucratic or inserrorism of failed sta

c radicalizaterception haon making inNational leFrance stroon Africa. Majority of

he EU a: The EU ran failed stay. EU howevrench interey with link to

Also a failednce from EUted EU invoa: 1. Comp

ake: Stabilitymber states as gaining . Funding oke: Fighting

esources, traAR

troops ean troops o2016. the framewokes? Show ally clear


ctice is not uade others

assing prob

Rye Olsen

ght against y instrument

egin until afnwards

sts in this prto improve s

n effective istitutional s

ates. The Eion after 9/1as a strong n the EU vel: some songest state

states have

reluctant – cate. Channever only inteest and preso radical Isl

d state, but U to get involvement rehensive ay. s acting on funding forf African Tr

g Islamist thaining natio

on the groun

ork of compworld that

Public


even possi to impleme

blems in ord

terrorism ts

fter the cold

rocess? Whsituation in

nternationaelf-interest?

uropean Se11 influence o

states are me in the EU,

e no interes

comprehenelling of funerested duessure on EUlamism. no EU inter

volved.

approach, 2

national intr troops. roops, 2. EUhreat onal interest

nd, as well

prehensive EU was abl


ble in the Eent them. Af

der to solve

d war

hy has the EAfrica. Imp

al actor/conf?

ecurity Strat

n EU foreig

more interes, having a b

st.

nsive approands into Some to US presU to proclai

rest. French

2. support of

terests. Aim

UTM

t.

as Georgia

approach le to act as


EU itself (Frafricans are w

larger issue

EU involvedlementing E

flict manage

tegy 2003.

gn policy.

sted in Africabig influence

ach. Threat malia in ordssure m as a thre

h tried to ad

f AMISON,

med at curbin

n troops. E

a conflict m

CSA proStart date

Duration


ankfurt airpwell aware

es.

d itself in AfrEuropean id

er?

a than othee on decisio

from terrorer to stabili

eat to Europ

d pressure,

3. EUTM.

ng domestic

EUFOR-RCA

managemen



ort), of the EU

rica? deas in

ers on making

rism from ze the

pean

, but

c critique

A.

nt actor, but

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

Comments

Mo Com Lea

Notuse

Othyea

Afrifor

Eurpeo

Afri Aid

areabo

On A q Afri

and Imp

Discussion

JudEspind

Wh Set

Hum

bei Kno

app

Thorea

Las Jub

traf Exp

havinto

Mis Val

: Discussion


AU sta Conclu

logistic

s by Holger

ore than onemmon secuading role ot just the are in case eleher interestsars. Also looica will havethe increasrope reactinople movingica increasi

d agenda. Ise doing with out value sy

Lasse Krisquestion of iican alternad not just owportant to ge

n

dith Verweijpecially fromustry.

hat drives tht of institutio

mphrey (cong dictated owledge. Mproaches.

omas Mandasons for acsse Kristensba Internatiofficking. Alsperienced cving contacto doing busssions tightllues. Not bi

report


kes: Nationsion: A mars and no cr

Bernt Hans

e factor in Eurity area of militias. Hrmies. Preseections do ns than just soking at Afre 1/3 of thesed involvemng on increag to areas inngly becom

s economic our values

ystem.

stensens obideals vs. reative to EU wwn ideals. et off the hi

en: Institutiom defence s

he aid agendonal interes

orrect name? values.

Many in Afric

drup: Not alwcting. sen: Answeonal Airporto, easiest w

corruption, bt to corrupt iness. y controlledg difference


al security (rket for confritique.

sen

EU approach

High numberent at electinot go as thsecurity maica as a conworld’s pop

ment from thasing Chinen Africa.

ming a markdiplomacy when appr

servations. ealities. with China

gh horse

onal interessector. Mus

da? Institutts on differe

?) Perhaps

can elite hav

ways image

er to Holgerst: Fear that way of EU tobut did not dpeople, due

d by Brussee in reality,

Public


(Boko Haraflict manag

h to Africa

r of young pions, wherehey intend.nagement. ntinent in dipulation, atthe EU. ese involvem

ket - so not jreplacing aroaching Afr

changes pe

sts, at natiost be a raiso

ional intereent levels.

better to se

ve studied i

e driven. Ex

s questionsit would be o act. do corruptioe to extent.

els. Not alwabut the con


am), prestigement in Af

people joinine political pa

African secifferent waytracting inte

ment. Not ju

just terrorisid? Value arica? Preac

erspective.

nal level coon d’etre for

st of the aid

ee where w

in US and E

xamples of B

s. a hub for te

on. HoweveExample o

ays for the gntext might n


e. Sends sifrica. Troop

ng militias iarties have t

curity highery with the neerest from C

ust funding,

m and secuagenda. EU ching days a

Important to

uld be takemilitary ins

d industry.

e have sha

EU, so they

Burundi, Ke

errorist trave

r, impossiblf Israeli citiz

good of the not make it

CSA proStart date

Duration


gnal to donps in return f

ncreases setheir own m

r on the ageew world orChina. This

but also Ch

urity interesDoubt abo

are over. Un

o adjust to r

en into consstitutions an

red values,

already are

enya. Differe

el as well a

le to work wzen bribing

e mission. possible.



nors. for money,

ecurity risk.militias to

enda in lastder. is a reason

hinese

ts. ut what we ncertainty

realities

ideration. nd defence

instead of

e aware of

ent

s drug

without his way

U

5 s

t

D3.6 Africa:

Go Big

thepre

Jon

Libya – Th

EU Sho Stra Cap Ma

evid Rea

Diff Inte

inte Fra Dem Afte

inte Liby

of G

Internation

Whbui

EU EU EU

EUBAM

Neepro

Lac Wh

wor

Mandate

Sup

Mandate fu

LibySec

: Discussion


rm Rye Olsg change one French. Spessure makenathan Fish

e impossib

BAM Libya ort mission.ategic dimepacity buildndate wisedence of caasons for fa Problem

Libyan s Too high Misplaceferent levelservention haervention toance led, intmocratic deermath: Paservention unya’s state aGaddafi too

nal framewo

hen danger lding meas interest in did not hav given role

eds assessoblems in geck of informhen missionrsened.

pport of Lib

ulfilled?

yans discarcurity mode

report


sen: Insecurn security sipecial forcees it difficulter: Image d

le task? Dr

– Europea. ension: IBMing dimens, mission wapacity buildailure s of graspintate was fu

h ambitions ed mission s of identitieappened to protect civternational ceficiency bessivity of intnlikely. as a rentier sk away this

ork

of collapse ures Libya frameve seat at Fto help mod

sment team etting there.ation was c was launch

yan authori

rded EU IMel).


rity about owde. US estas providing t to station ldriven. Exam

r. Jyrki Ruo

n Union Bo

ion: Traininas a compleding today.

ng complex nctioning. of EU. Liby

es, but still astop Benghilians driftedcommunity hind EU’s nternational c

state distribs distribution

was realise

ed in neighbFriends of Ldernise the

only spent . Could not carried to plhed, inform

ties in enha

B model, as

Public


wn values iablishing smlarger strik

larger forcemple of Uga

hamäki

order Assista

ng ete failure.

nature of ”s

yans did not

a sense of fhazi bloodbd into a regfollowed.

normative pcommunity

buting the on and desta

ed, internati

bourhood pibya meetinLibyan bor

short time ogo to southanning. ation was n

ancing… etc

s they want


n EU. mall bases iking capabilies. anda ridicul

ance Missio

IBM concep

state” in Lib

t want adva

feeling Libyath. House ime change

ower. after Gadda

il wealth keabilized Liby

ional comm

olicy. ng in Dohader control.

on ground, hern part of

not up to da

c.

ted a single


n Africa in city, but with

ing Kenyan

on

pt not devel

byan. Missio

anced IBM c

an. of Common

e by military

afi was disp

pt people frya.

munity tried t

and experieLibya.

te and situa

agency mo

CSA proStart date

Duration


close coope smaller for

n army.

loped and n

on planned

concept. Int

ns argued “y means”

placed. Gro

rom uprising

to establish

enced seve

ation on gro

odel (US Ho



eration withrces. Public

no

as if

elligence

“that

und

g. Removal

state-

ere

ound had

omeland

U

5 s

c

D3.6 Africa:

Traany

A failure?

A fu It w Sec

Lessons to

Mo Pro Ove Sho

a lin How

Comments

Agr Com

AU Fin

Islasitu

General qu

Jyr A d

undstru

Thoput

EUNo

Hum Sym

leaind

Elisa Norva

Backgroun

: Discussion


aining and mymore

unctioning swould have cond or thir

o learn

ore focus onoblems shouerly optimisould EU devnear procesw can we fi

s by Maruan

rees with mmments on More of a Problem

process.isolation

Libya recman for

EU perceconducte

perspectivancial and

amic rights, uation much

uestions an

rki Ruohamädifferent kindderstandingucture to talomas Mandt pressure oFOR Libyareal possib

mphrey: Mimbolic valueders, the wependent fr

anto – CAR

nd CAR

report


mentoring w

state that wbeen necesrd best optio

n intel and muld have be

stic mandatevelop its cass with an ot the politica

n El-Kreksh

most of Jyrkistate admi

a failure of with nation Everyone . ceives a larEurope/EUeption of seed trade thee. Gaddafi public efforbut in light

h more if he

d comment

äki: Regiond of system

g of the localk to.

drup: Shouldon Brussels?n mission. C

bility becausstrust presee of Gaddaest looks hyrom EU.

R – Caught


was more su

was necessassary with hons should h

mission planeen anticipae pacity of cr

overly optimal ambitions

i

’s presentanistration: the transitio

nal counterpin state adm

rge number .

ealing of borere for centuregime pout put in AU of Libyan s had been a

ts

al aspect com of talking tal power stru

d EU have s? Completely se of Libyanent betweenfi killing hugypocritical.

in regional a

Public


uccessful, b

ary for the mheavy capachave been

nning ated

risis managemistic goal?s of membe

tion

onal procesparts. Politicministration

of migrants

rders in souuries.

ured a lot of from Libya.

situation withalive.

ould have bto people shucture was

stayed out o

unrealistic.n resentmenn EU and Age. But on hGaddafi kill

and nationa


but it is not p

mission did city state-bupursued

ement to a

er states to t

ss in Libya thcal isolationwas replac

s. Role perc

uth Libya no

money into. Gaddafi kih revolution

been better hould have needed. No

of Libya? W

. Ambition ont towards f

African eliteshigher levelling has blo

al state inte


possible to v

not exist. uilding

transformat

the political

han an EU law prohib

ced with the

ceived in Lib

ot optimal, a

o the AU. lling was ag

n, it would h

handled bybeen in pla

o one inside

Why did EU

of France, Itforeign milits. Trust mus, in perspeccked AU in

rests?

CSA proStart date

Duration


validate its

tive process

l reality?

failure bited transitie law of polit

bya as bein

as tribes in

gainst humahave compli

y EU. ace. More e the Libyan

end up in L

taly, but no tary presencst be earnedctive of Africbecoming



effect

s instead of

onal tical

g a police

areas have

an rights, cated the

n power

Libya? Who

one else. ce. d. can

U

5 s

f

D3.6 Africa:

Siz Lea Pow

clas Wid Suf

Why did E

Viocha

Fraasswas

Pol To

The missio

Res 950 Tar

tha Dep

Achieveme

34 EU Mili Clo

Fre EU

and Op Num In t Go

awaloca

Challenges

Depthe

Sho Wa Ma Diff Issu No Nat Loc

: Discussion


ze of Ukrainast developwer shifts thshes in pasde corruptioffering both

U intervene

olent coup inange and seance has besessed in bes ”on the edlitical creditaaddress se

on

stricted ma0 troops, incrgeted most

at were not tployed Apri

ents and en

individuals contributeditary interve

ose cooperaench speakiFOR operad EU delegaeration commber of IDPthat sense, od knowledareness. Plal commun

s

ployment dee situation caowed lack o

ay of fundingndate limiteferent approues related functioning

tional caveacal infrastru

report


e. Independed and poohrough violest years. on, state no from intern

e?

n 2013 spareized poweeen involvedeginning thadge of genoability

ecurity threa

ndate cluding 150t critical spotargeted. l 2014, ope

nablers

interviewedd in preventention was aation and cong area.

ated in spiritation on the

mposition apP’s decreasEUFOR mi

dge of area ayed a big ity.

elayed 6 moalled for rapof political wg military oped in terms oaches to loto multicult

g host goverats cture, or lac


dence from orest countryent coups. N

t able to pronal problems

rked civil war. Coup devd in CAR sinat the confli

ocide”. Fren

ats

from Georgots in CAR,

erational Jun

d of which thting the conappropriate oordination w

t of comprehe ground. ppropriate toed substanssion was aand backgrrole. EU Fo

onths with dpid deploymwill from somperations afof time. ocal populaturalism rnment

ck of same.

Public


France in 1y in the worNational res

otect its citizs, but also e

ar. Marginaveloped intonce 1960, bict was not

nch initiative

gia but problem

ne 2014.

he answersnflict from sp for the situwith UN an

hensive app

o the operantially duringa success.round, goodorce Comma

difficulties inment. me memberffected the

tion from di

. Critical, es


1960. rld. sources con

zens. external

lized Muslimo an ethnic but only to pso violent, b

e to UN and

ms only mo

s are basedpreading ation d France. F

proach and

ational area.g mission.

d local netwander had l

n force gen

r states towcontribution

ifferent inter

specially at


ntrolled by e

m populatioconflict.

protect its owbut 6 monthEU mission

ved to othe

French dom

cooperated

work contribuarge autono

eration. Thi

ards CSDPns and the r

rnational or

beginning o

CSA proStart date

Duration


elites, result

on in the nor

wn citizenshs after the ns.

er districts in

minated miss

d with comm

uted to gooomy in work

is was prob

P. running of th

rganizations

of operation



ting in

rth wanted

. France coup, CAR

n Bangui

sion in

mission

d situation king the

lematic, as

he mission

s.

n

U

5 s

R

D3.6 Africa:

Mis Lac

Lessons to

Fraope

Cle Coo

ope Fun Inte Cha

doc

Agnes Fou

If c EU EU

ma Diff

dep Suc Exi Info

mu Psy

are

Thomas M

Mu Con Con

fun Mo

FARDC

Lac Lac ”Fig MO

of c Nor

righ Som

bet

DDR(RR) a

Dem Sec

: Discussion


sbehaviour ck of air sur

o learn

amework naeration. ear mandateoperation aeration. nding systeelligence, shallenges to ctrine, admi

ures comme

apital in CAFOR shouldFOR had idndate to doferent groupployment. ccess in tert strategy wormation intltinational cychological

eas where n

Mandrup – D

ch bigger snflicts in Congo has noctioned rela

ost of EU’s a

cks the mosck of disciplghting with

ONUSCO, Ecoordinationrmative humhts. This dome progrestter trained a

and SSR

mobilizationcurity Secto

report


from EUFOrveillance ca

ation (Franc

e can be boand coordina

m should bharing, storincoherencnistrative p

ents:

AR falls, coud have beedentified who so. ps are now

rms of trust-was more oftelligence. Mcoherent forcontext sho

not even the

DR Congo

scale – time ongo go bact always beatively well.activities in

st basic equine and comyour family

EU and bilatn between dman rights aoes not workss in decreaand educat

n, Disarmamor Reform


OR towards apabilities

ce) played k

oth a sourceation betwe

e reformeding and coll

ce of internarocedures,

untry falls. Imn deployed

hich rebel ch

rearmed an

-building witf an exit datMore a caserce working ould be takee police dare

and spaceck a long timeen a collap

Congo is do

uipment mmand andon your ba

teral involvedonors has agenda. UNk in reality. sing numbeed human r

ment, Repat

Public


local popul

key role in th

e for succeseen internati

. lecting ational forceparallel com

mportant to to 4th distrhiefs that sh

nd are not h

th the local te than a ree of many n together en into accoed go.

me. Difficultpsed state. C

one in coop

d control ack”. Familieement – supbeen a pro

N not allowe

er of child srights wise.

triation, Re


ation affecte

he establish

ss and failurional actors

es need to bmmand line

o learn. rict in Banguhould have

happy with c

population al strategy.

nations work

ount. IDP’s

t to control.Congo unde

peration with

es move witpport and trblem.

ed to suppor

oldiers. New

integration,


ed attitude t

hment and r

re s key to effe

be addresses.

ui. been arrest

changes ma

when EUFOLack of tra

king to obta

were not w

er Belgian c

h others

th the soldieaining – firs

rt groups th

w recruits c

and Resett

CSA proStart date

Duration


towards op

running of t

ectiveness o

ed. Langua

ted, but lac

ade during

OR was preansition. ain informati

willing to retu

colonial rule

ers. st in UN his

hat violate h

coming in th

tlement.



eration.

he

of

ge,

ked the

EUFOR

esent.

ion than a

urn to

e

tory. Lack

uman

hat are

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

Diff

EU in DR.

Op Op

into EU EU

Artemis

Sho Log

EUFOR

Nat Lac Par

EUPOL

Invhum

Lacdiff

Lim Loc Foc

EUSEC

”So Mili Fin Bio Op Nor

From a goo

No

Judith Verw

Inte Alw Not

be New

sec

: Discussion


ficult due to

Congo

s. Artemis 2s. EUFOR 2o Congo, staPOL 2005-SEC 2005-

ort term goagistically we

tional caveack of clear mrtly a succe

olved in maman rights. ck of coordiferent donor

mited impactcal resistanccus has bee

ometimes beitary law bedings:

ometric payms room estarmative issu

od idea to r

real military

weijen com

eresting howways anothet a new situplayed. w recruitmecurity reform

report


o context

2003. Preve2006. Deploayed in Gab2014. Help

-2016. Focu

al in stabilizell working d

ats made mmandates ess

any process

nation for trrs. t, infighting ce to reformen on the ar

etter to do seing implem

ment systemablished in ues like hum

real impact

y training si

ments:

w EU pusheer donor mouation. Huge

ent might noms.


ent potentiaoyed 4000 tbon. build up the

used on atte

zing and credue to proxi

mission diffic

ses. Training

raining cour

between dom. Judicial rrmed forces

something tented

m implemenKinchasa nman rights a

ince 2002

es through soving in whee continuan

ot solve pro

Public


al ethnic gentroops to se

e police forempt to crea

eating securimity of Ente

cult

g, both for s

rses. Office

onors. reform probs instead of

than nothing

nted, but stiot in operatagenda.

security secen EU movence in secur

blems, as e


nocide. Cleaecure electio

ce, riot contate military

rity ebbe airpor

short term t

rs attending

lematic. f the police.

g”

ill problemation anymor

ctor reformes out rity sector re

existing troo


ar exit strateons. Half th

trol trainingforce that c

rt

asks, but al

g same cou

tic. re.

eform. Dono

ops are not

CSA proStart date

Duration


egy, clear mhe force nev

. could provid

lso long ter

urses offered

ors letting th

being reach



mandate. ver went

de security.

m such as

d by

hemselves

hed by

U

5 s

D3.6 Africa:

4

The two ev

in the form

external ex

where the

the author

four cases

Pla

bet

mis

In a

and

imp

The

to s

Lat

the

The

sta

wor

All

the

rea

dep

The

and

The

kno

The

bac

: Discussion


CONCLU

vents forme

mulation an

xperts and t

academic

rs of the ind

scrutinised

anning overa

tween ambi

ssion object

all the case

d it was ofte

portant to le

e missions s

share and c

te arrival of

e establishm

e EU suffers

tes. It lacks

rld.

the operatio

e committed

ason was of

ploy.

ere is a nee

d securing t

ere is an im

owledge of t

e deployed

ckground to

report


SIONS

ed a central

nd identifica

the participa

and method

dividual cas

d was:

ambitious: T

tions and o

tives.

studies a d

en replaced

eave to the E

suffered fro

cooperate o

equipment:

ment of cent

s from the f

s and overa

ons suffered

personnel

ften that nat

ed to establi

that rotated

mmediate ne

the current

personnel a

o be able to


role proces

ation of co

ants in the e

dological qu

se-studies e

The mission

bjectives on

decreasing i

by nationa

EU.

om an intelli

n intelligenc

: The logisti

ral logistica

fact that it is

rching appr

d from lang

was not alw

tional intere

ish and imp

personnel

eed of estab

operations

and the pla

maximize t

Public


ss in the wr

ommon find

events also

uality was t

essential fe

ns and prog

n one side,

interest from

l interests a

gence gap,

ce, which d

ical support

al hubs.

s product of

roach and c

guage challe

ways trained

ests decided

prove the les

has got acc

blishing a ce

for future u

nners need

the effect of


riting of the

dings from

functioned

tested and

eed-back. T

gram genera

and then re

m the EU m

and bilatera

which was

amaged the

t was insuff

f the will and

common str

enges and c

d for the job

d whom the

ssons learn

cess to thes

entral datab

use.

ds to have th

f the missio


individual c

the differe

as an open

commented

The general

ally suffered

esources av

member state

l initiatives.

caused be

e missions.

icient and t

d ambitions

rategy defin

capability pr

b they were

member st

ned and iden

se reports.

base compil

he needed o

ns.

CSA proStart date

Duration


case studie

ent case st

n peer revie

d upon. Th

l conclusion

d from a dis

vailable and

es could be

It was cons

e lack of abi

there is a n

s of its many

ning its role

roblems, m

send in to

tates were w

ntified fram

ling the exis

operational



s, and later

tudies. The

ew process,

is provided

ns from the

screpancy

d realistic

e detected,

sidered too

lity and will

eed for a

y member

in the

eaning that

do. The

willing to

eworks,

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U

5 s

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e

,

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t

D3.6 Discussion Report Africa final · D3.6 Africa: Revision h Rev. D 1.0 6 1.1. 0 1.2 1 1.3. 0...

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Transcript of D3.6 Discussion Report Africa final · D3.6 Africa: Revision h Rev. D 1.0 6 1.1. 0 1.2 1 1.3. 0...